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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Articles 6,269 Documents
Classification of betel leaves (Piper betle) from 15 ethnics in eastern Indonesia based on phytochemicals fingerprint analysis Dimas Andrianto; Husnawati; Suci Hermita; Sari Haryanti
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210133

Abstract

Abstract. Andrianto D, Husnawati, Hermita S, Haryanti S. 2020. Classification of betel leaves (Piper betle) from 15 ethnics in eastern Indonesia based on phytochemicals fingerprint analysis. Biodiversitas 21: 252-257. Betel (Piper betle Linn), also called Golden Heart of Nature, is often used as traditional medicine. Nonetheless, betel plants originated from different places contains different phytochemicals profile, resulting in different utilization across ethnics. The research aimed to classify betel leaves from eastern Indonesia origins based on phytochemical profiles. In this study, the phytochemical profiles of 69 betel leave samples from 15 ethnics in eastern Indonesia were obtained using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint analysis. This data was then used to classify the betel leaves samples using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results of the analysis show that the betel leaves from Eastern Indonesia can be divided into three clusters. Cluster 1 consisted of betel leaves originated from two ethnics, namely Komoro and Greri, from Papua, while Cluster 2 consisted of those originated of two ethnics, namely Sumber Baba and Demta, both were also from Papua. Cluster 3 consisted of betel leaves originated 11 ethnics, namely Asilulu (Maluku), Balesang (Central Sulawesi), Bungku (Central Sulawesi), Mulong Kuni (Central Sulawesi), Saluan (Central Sulawesi), Tialo (Central Sulawesi), Tolage (Central Sulawesi), Gebe (North Maluku), Makian (North Maluku), Mey Brat (West Papua) and Waigeo (West Papua). The location of P. betle plantation in this research accounts for clusterization of samples, Papua island give the highest biodiversity because we can find all the three cluster in Papua island.
Ethnoornithology: Identification of bird names mentioned in Kakawin R?m?yana, a 9th-century Javanese poem (Java, Indonesia) DEDE MULYANTO; JOHAN ISKANDAR; RIMBO GUNAWAN; Ruhyat Partasasmita
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201114

Abstract

Abstract. Mulyanto D, Iskandar J, Gunawan R, Partasasmita R. 2019. Ethnoornithology: Identification of bird names mentioned in Kakawin R?m?yana, a 9th-century Javanese poem (Java, Indonesia). Biodiversitas 20: 3213-3222. Birds have played an important role in Javanese culture for a long time. For example, birds have been culturally used as sources of folk stories, myths, illustrated old manuscripts, paintings on relief walls of temples, and inspiration of writers to make poems. This article presents the results of an ethnoornithology study that tried to identify all bird names mentioned in Kakawin R?m?yana (KR), an old Javanese poem, using a qualitative method, mainly interpreting KR text based on an ethnoornithological approach. The results showed that 84 bird names are mentioned in the Kakawin R?m?yana, belonging to 26 families, and 17 orders. The birds mentioned in KR are predominantly residents, some are regular visitors or vagrant, and only a few are absent. The orders whose members appear most often are Passeriformes (18), Columbiformes (7), Pelecaniformes (6), Ciconiiformes (5), and Cuculiformes (5). There are only 13 names which are Sanskrit in origin. Based on this study, it can be inferred that birds have played an important role in Javanese culture.
Productivity of three varieties of local upland rice on swidden agriculture field in Setulang village, North Kalimantan, Indonesia OKTIANI PERIDA MERANG; Abubakar M. Lahjie; SYAHRIR YUSUF; YOSEP RUSLIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210108

Abstract

Abstract. Merang OP, Lahjie AM, Yusuf S, Ruslim Y. 2020. Productivity of three varieties of local upland rice on swidden agriculture field in Setulang village, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 49-56. Swidden agriculture field is a dry land used by traditional farmers to cultivate some varieties of local upland rice intercropped with vegetables, tubers, and fruits. This rotational cultivation system utilizes the land for planting such food crops in one year period before it is left for fallow periods for years. This study aimed to assess the productivity of local upland rice varieties (i.e. Langsat rice, Telang Usan rice, and Pimping rice) cultivated on swidden agriculture field in regard to the fallow periods. This study was conducted in Setulang village, Malinau District, North Kalimantan Province and employed purposive sampling method using interviews of selected respondents and field observation. Among three varieties of rice in this study, Langsat rice had the longest fallow period with 17 years while Pimping rice had the shortest fallow period with 13 years, with the maximum production were 2,635 kg ha-1 and 1,670 kg ha-1, respectively. Meanwhile, Telang Usan rice reached the maximum production on fallow period of 15 years with the total production of 2,208 kg ha-1. Overall, of the three types of rice planted, the results show that the longer the fallow period, the higher the rice production and the shorter the fallow period, the lower the production. Each type of rice has a different amount of production, although it is planted during the same fallow period.
Variations in seed micromorphology and morphometry of native Indonesian Phalaenopsis and Paphiopedilum orchids Sucipto Hariyanto
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201214

Abstract

Abstract. Hariyanto S. 2019. Variations in seed micromorphology and morphometry of native Indonesian Phalaenopsis and Paphiopedilum orchid. Biodiversitas 20: 3559-3567. Seeds of ten taxa of the genera Phalaenopsis and Paphiopedilum orchids were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Qualitative characters (seed and embryo shape, seed and embryo colour, ornamentation of testa cell, testa cell wall shape) as well as quantitative data (seed and embryo length, seed and embryo width, seed and embryo volume, seed length/seed width, embryo length/embryo width, seed volume/embryo volume and air space) were analysed. Seeds of all studied taxa were fusiform in shape and had smooth testa surfaces. Phalaenopsis testa cells were elongated with cylindrical cell walls, while Paphiopedilum testa cells were polygonal with thin and flat rectangular cell walls. The shape of the embryos was generally ovoid in Phalaenopsis and prolate in Paphiopedilum. Seed colors ranged from brown to dark brown. Embryo colors varied from light yellow, yellowish-brown, dark brown, black and white. Based on our investigation, there are variations in seed and embryo length, seed and embryo width, seed and embryo volume as well as the percentage of the air space, both in Phalaenopsis and Paphiopedilum. In general, the values of seed volume, embryo volume and air space in Paphiopedilum are higher than in Phalaenopsis. Together, the results of the study indicate that morphological and morphometric features can serve to identify live forms and distinguish between species.
Diet and behavior of the burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) in Atiquipa, an ecosystem of Lomas in the south of Peru César Luque Fernández
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210118

Abstract

Abstract. Luque-Fernández CR. 2019. Diet and behavior of the burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) in Atiquipa, an ecosystem of Lomas in the south of Peru. Biodiversitas 20: 137-143. The study of trophic and behavioral habits is a fundamental aspect in the knowledge of the natural history of species, especially for those that present a wide range of distribution and that have to adapt to the habitats and available resources that can find to survive. The diet and behavior of Athene cunicularia were studied in a peculiar ecosystem such as the lomas formation, on the arid coast of southern Peru. The analysis of regurgitated pellets from a family group of Athene cunicularia was used and complemented with the monitoring of behavior through the use of trap cameras and direct observations. The results show that the diet during the months of study was based on a high proportion of invertebrate beetles (Tenebrionidae) and scorpions, also finding remains of vertebrates, including rodents, birds and highlighting the presence of a species of marsupial mouse. On the study of behavior, marked and recurrent activities are established during the day for this species, where grooming sessions are frequently reported, as well as interaction with a possible predator of this owl species. These results contribute to the understanding of the trophic relationship and its role in the studied lomas ecosystem, which is added to the importance of this species in the conservation of diversity in desert ecosystems.
Effects of terrains’ soil and altitude on performance of Abyssinian pea (Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum A. Braun) landraces of Ethiopia BERHANU ABRAHA TSEGAY; Berhane G. Gebreegziabher
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201202

Abstract

Abstract. Tsegay BA, Gebreegziabher BG. 2019. Effects of terrains’ soil and altitude on performance of Abyssinian pea (Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum A.Braun) landraces of Ethiopia. Biodiversitas 20: 3467-3477. Pea production in Ethiopia is mainly located in the highlands. Field-based agronomic performance evaluation of Abyssinian pea landraces at different altitudes and soil types are rarely explored. This study was conducted to assess the effects of soil composition and altitude on morphological and yield traits of three landraces. The experimental investigation used was a completely randomized block design. Morphological and yield traits of the landraces considered in this study varied across agroecology. The variations were due to soil nutrient differences, altitude of the agroecology and their interactions. Soil samples collected from the mid-altitude had the highest pH of 7.71±0.07. Cation exchange capacity of this soil was found to be 45.46±0.71, in covenant with the approximate cation exchange capacity of most soils (>40 CEC meq/100 g soil) around neutral pH. This agroecology was found to be best for overall performance of the landraces. In the highland terrain, the landraces were less vigorous and shorter in height. In the lowland terrain, landraces were taller in height but gave low yield. Gedober 2017 landrace performed best in seed yield (6.00±0.11g/plant) and harvest index (0.32±0.43) at the mid-altitude. From this study, farmers are mindful to cultivate Gedober 2017 landrace at midland and highland pea production potential areas of Ethiopia.
The potential of Mesangat Lake, East Kutai, Indonesia as an essential ecological area for habitat conservation of critically endangered Crocodylus siamensis Sudrajat Sudrajat; HIKMA AMALIA SALEH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201104

Abstract

Abstract. Sudrajat, Saleh HA. 2019. The potential of Mesangat Lake, East Kutai, Indonesia as an essential ecological area for habitat conservation of critically endangered Crocodylus siamensis. Biodiversitas 20: 3126-3133. The Siamese crocodile, Crocodylus siamensis, is one of the most threatened reptile species in the world with IUCN Red List status of Critically Endangered. This study aims to investigate and assess the biogeophysical conditions of Mesangat Lake area, Indonesia as an essential ecological area for C. siamensis conservation outside biodiversity conservation areas. Data was collected through direct survey using spotlight technique at night, tracking, observation and interviews with local fishermen. The results showed that the biogeophysical conditions of Mesangat Lake habitat in Long Balau, Loah Toh and Abang areas still support C. siamensis population which was marked by the presence of its nests and the occurrence of 17 individuals with sizes between 30 and 50 cm in length. Habitat conditions in the form of lake waters had depths between 30-110 cm, low currents, and covered with aquatic plant species for resting, nesting and basking, as well as contained sufficient diversity of fish and other prey. A nest was also found in the form of mound of plants measuring ± 45 cm high and ± 75 cm wide which contained 20 eggs with an average length of ± 8.45 cm, an average width of ± 4.9 cm. Potential factors that threaten C. siamensis habitat included siltation of water bodies caused by invasive weeds, over-exploitation of fishes and conversion of lake land into plantations and/or agriculture lands. Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that Mesangat Lake has the potential to be designated as an essential ecological area of C. siamensis habitat. Through this strategy, it is hoped that there will be good collaboration between local government and concession rights holders, NGOs and local communities to participate in the conservation of C. siamensis. In the area of the lake, zoning can be classified into areas of nesting, closed areas, playing and sunbathing, limited fishing, recreation.
Seed-transmission of Cowpea mild mottle virus on several varieties of soybean in Indonesia Mimi Sutrawati; Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat; Gede Suastika; Bonny Purnomo Wahyu Sukarno; Ali Nurmansyah
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221007

Abstract

Abstract. Sutrawati M, Hidayat SH, Suastika G, Sukarno BPW, Nurmansyah A. 2021. Seed-transmission of Cowpea mild mottle virus on several varieties of soybean in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4182-4185. Seeds and infected plants play important role as source of disease in the field for seed-transmitted virus, such as Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV). Research was conducted to determine seed transmission nature of CPMMV on 10 soybean varieties based on growing on test method and dot immunobinding assay to confirm CPMMV infection. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of seed-transmitted CPMMV as the source of initial inoculum in the field. Soybean var. ‘Anjasmoro’ from 3 cultivation areas (Cianjur, Bogor, and Cirebon) was used for field experiment. Seed transmission of CPMMV was confirmed on soybean var. ‘Detam 2’, ‘Detam 3’, ‘Malika’, ‘Anjasmoro’, and ‘Argomulyo’; but was not found on ‘Detam 1’, ‘Detam 4’, ‘Wilis’, ‘Grobogan’, and ‘Dena 1’. The infection of CPMMV did not show symptom, either on the seedcoat and the unifoliolate leaves. Infection rate of CPMMV on seeds were relatively high, ranged between 27 to 86%. Disease incidence on var. ‘Anjasmoro’ from Cianjur, Cirebon, and Bogor varied from 32.9 to 75% and 57.9 to 81.3% in screenhouse and field experiment, respectivelly.
Genetic x environment interaction on agronomic characters and yield components of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) mutant strain Endang Endang; ISWARI SARASWATI DEWI; AMIN NUR; ROSSA YUNITA; MASTUR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201233

Abstract

Abstract. Lestari EG, Dewi IS, Nur A, Yunita R, Mastur. 2019. Genetic x environment interaction on agronomic characters and yield components of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) mutant strain. Biodiversitas 20: 3705-3714. Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) belongs to cereal plants that have prospects for commercial development in Indonesia, since it can adapt widely in sub-optimal land, and has many functions. However, there is still limited sweet sorghum variety that has been released in Indonesia. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of genetic x environment interaction on agronomic characters and yield components of sweet sorghum mutant strain. Adaptation test was held in 8 locations in Indonesia, namely Pekalongan, Bantul, Gunung Kidul, Lampung, Malang, East Lombok, Bontobili and Maros, from May to November 2017. The material tested was 10 M7 mutant strains and two check varieties (Numbu and Super 1). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). There were three replications in form of blocks and each block consisted of 40 sorghum plants. The result showed that genetic x environment interaction affected the agronomic characters and yield components of sweet sorghum. Several characters such as plant height, panicle diameter, seed production, sugar brix and stem juice volume of sweet sorghum mutants were greater than check varieties. The highest seed yield was found in MB-1 strain of sweet sorghum mutant that cultivated in Pekalongan site.
Lipase-producing ability of bacteria from inasua (fish fermented product) from Central Moluccas, Indonesia Latusi Anggriani; SRI BUDIARTI; NISA RACHMANIA MUBARIK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210226

Abstract

Abstract. Anggriani L, Budiarti S, Mubarik NR. 2020. Lipase-producing ability of bacteria from inasua (fish fermented product) from Central Moluccas, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 622-628. One of fish preservation techniques through fermentation is Inasua which occurs spontaneously and involves various types of microorganisms. Isolates from Inasua are believed to have the ability to produce lipolytic enzymes. The purpose of this study was to identify potential bacterial isolates isolated from Inasua and to determine their lipase producing ability. The confirmation test of lipase-producing ability was conducted by inoculating the microbes into media containing Nutrient agar (NA), olive oil, and rhodamin-B. Lipolytic bacteria were detected using a screening method with UV light. From the results, there were 5 isolates of bacteria that showed lipolytic activity as IG 3.1, IG 6, IG 10, IG 12, IG 66. Lipase assay was determined using spectrophotometric method with p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) as a substrate and titration method with olive oil as a substrate. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pNPP as a substrate. IG 6 and IG 12 gave the highest activity from lipase assay. Growth and production curves were created before partial purification was carried out. The results of the curves showed that the optimum activity of IG 6 and IG 12 were in the stationary phase with value 38.16 U.mg-1 protein and 7.01 U.mg-1 protein, respectively. After ammonium sulfate precipitation, the activity of the lipase IG 6 and IG 12 were found to be 39.65 U.mL-1 and 37.05 U.mL-1, respectively. During optimization, the enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 8/70°C temperature. Molecular identification by using the 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates IG 6 and IG12 are closely related to Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus kochii, respectively.

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