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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Short Communication: Geometric morphometric analysis of leaf venation in four Shorea species for identification using Digital Image Processing Ishak Ariawan; YENI HERDIYENI; ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN SIREGAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210754

Abstract

Abstract. Ariawan I, Herdiyeni Y, Siregar IZ. 2020. Short Communication: Geometric morphometric analysis of leaves venation in Shorea spp. for identification using Digital Image Processing. Biodiversitas 21: 3303-3309. Shorea is one of the genera of the Dipterocarpaceae family which consists of more than 190 species. Massive exploitation of forests has threatened the sustainability of Shorea in nature. A total of 156 species has been listed on the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) red list. From the 156 species, 59.6% are in the critically endangered category, so urgent conservation is needed. However, during collection of Shorea at the seedling phase for conservation  purposes, it is often difficult to distinguish among them that can cause errors in their collection process. To avoid these errors, identification needs to be done, usually based on plant  leaf and flower  morphology. Leaves are easier because they have the main features that distinguish each plant species, one of which is the venation structure. Geometric morphometric techniques are a modern approach recognized as useful for the identification of species in many plants. Geometric morphometrics analyzes the position of the venation point using coordinate geometry values. This research was aimed to extract venation features of Shorea leaves using a geometric morphometric approach. The extraction process result in some features, such as straightness, different angle, length ratio, scale projection, and secondary nerves. On extracted features, an analysis was then performed to find out the best features in classifying species of Shorea spp. The results of this study indicated that the geometric morphometric approach could extract the value of the features of straightness, different angle, length ratio, scale projection, and secondary nerves. The secondary nerve feature is the best feature because it can distinguish between fourcommonly planted species of Shorea spp. (S. acuminata, S. leprosula, S. ovalis, and S. selanica). By using the support vector machine classification technique to identify species of Shorea spp., the classification results obtained an average accuracy of 84.46%.
Ethnobotany of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) in the Sasak Community, Kekait Village, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia anggit haryoso; Ervizal Amzu; Agus Hikmat; Arzyana Sunkar; Dudung Darusman
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210116

Abstract

Abstract. Haryoso A, Zuhud EAM, Hikmat A, Sunkar A, Darusman D. 2020. Ethnobotany of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) in the Sasak Community, Kekait Village, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 117-128. Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) is one kind of palm that has high potential ecological, economic, and socio-cultural values. This Research aimed to identify the ethnobotanical aspects of sugar palm, especially on aspects related to farmers characteristics, cultivation, utilization, cooking process of palm sugar sap and sugar palm marketing at the Kekait Village, West Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Data were collected using participatory observation, in-depth interviews, literature studies, and the selection of informants conducted by purposive sampling. Sugar palm farmers were adult men aged between 42 to 63 years old. They achieved life skills provision from parents to their children. The characteristics of sugar palm farmers in the Sasak community are adult men to the elderly, aged 24-63 years. The source of knowledge about the use of sugar palm is hereditary from parents (father or grandfather). Oil palm farmers in the Sasak community in Kekait Village do not carry out intensive cultivation systems, they still rely on natural services, both regeneration and distribution. The most widely used part of the palm tree is tassel (76.32%), to be tapped. Processing palm sugar into sugar is still carried out with traditional methods and tools, as well as natural ingredients. Sugar palm farmers in Kekait Village were very dependent on small collectors who sell their sugar products. Farmers are in the weakest position in the marketing chains and did not have a bargaining position to determine the price of palm sugar.
Optimum growth conditions of Lactobacillus brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 in ?-galactosidase enzyme production Aafiyah Wahyu Nur Indah -; ROHMATUSSOLIHAT ROHMATUSSOLIHAT; WINIATI PUDJI RAHAYU; FITRI SETYONINGRUM; GUNAWAN PRIADI; FIFI AFIANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211147

Abstract

Abstract. Indah AWN, Rohmatussolihat, Rahayu WP, Setyoningrum F, Priadi G, Afianti F. 2020. Optimum growth conditions of Lactobacillus brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 in ?-galactosidase enzyme production. Biodiversitas 21: 5403-5407. Deficiency of ?-galactosidase enzyme causes lactose to become undigested in gastrointestinal system, therefore the system needs further addition of external ?-galactosidase. The sources ?-galactosidase enzyme varies from plants, animals, and microorganisms. In industrial applications, microorganisms have become a considered potential source of ?-galactosidase. Lactobacillus brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 had high ?-galactosidase enzyme activity, which was 7.93 U/mL. The aim of this research was to optimize the growth condition of L. brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 in order to produce maximum ?-galactosidase enzyme activity. This research consisted of performing optimization processes using design expert 7.0 (DX7) program with response surface methodology (RSM) and partial purification of ?-galactosidase enzyme. The results of this research showed that the optimum growth conditions of L. brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 were in 1.48% lactose level, incubation temperature of 34.91 °C, incubation time of 48.48 hours, and 2.83% inoculum size with desirability value of 0.839. The result of enzyme purification showed that value of ?-galactosidase enzyme activity increased up to 22.88 ± 0.29 U/mL with purification yield of 11.65%.
Short Communication: Characterization of Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae associated with five Dendrobium species in Java, Indonesia R Soelistijono; D.S. UTAMI; DARYANTI; M. FAIZIN; R. DIAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210321

Abstract

Abstract. Soelistijono R, Utami DS, Daryanti, Faizin M, Dian R. 2020. Plankton biodiversity in various typologies of inundation in Paminggir swamp, South Kalimantan, Indonesia on dry season. Biodiversitas 21: 1007-1011. This study aims to determine the morphological and anatomical characteristics of Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae associated with the roots of five Dendrobium species; to determine the association between Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae with the root of five Dendrobium sp.; to obtain difference between Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae with the other in adjacent location Mycorrhizal observations of Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae in this study were carried out macroscopically (morphologically) and microscopically (anatomically). The macroscopic observation was performed by observing directly the development of fungal colonies on culture media. Microscopic observations were performed to determine the shape of the hyphal of fungi and the number of nuclei. The results showed that the Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae associated with the root of five species of Dendrobium sp. in Java were the binucleate Rhizoctonia groups (BNR). The binucleate Rhizoctonia has white colonies, right-angle branching hyphae, two nuclei, and brown hyphae. The association of the root of five species of Dendrobium sp.with Rhizoctonia-like mycorrhizae fungi was indicated by the existence of a peloton structure in cortical root tissue.
The growth of flower bud, life history, and population structure of Rafflesia arnoldii (Rafflesiaceae) in Bengkulu, Sumatra, Indonesia AGUS SUSATYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210247

Abstract

Abstract. Susatya A. 2020. The growth of flower bud, life history, and population structure of Rafflesia arnoldii (Rafflesiaceae) in Bengkulu, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 792-798. The life history of Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br. is the reflection of the complex interaction between flower bud development and the external environments in order to reach its optimal survivorship. The objectives of the study were to determine the growth of flower buds at various development stages, to reconstruct the life history, and to know the population structure of R. arnoldii. The study was carried out at Taba Penanjung, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Two populations consisting of 17 individual buds of R. arnoldii were selected for the research. All buds were categorized into six visible stages, mapped, measured their diameters, and recorded their fates every two weeks for six months. The exponential model of growth development was applied to reconstruct the life history. The results showed that buds from the perigone stage respectively grew 3.5 and 12 times faster than those from the bract and cupule stages. The exponential growth of flower bud was confirmed, and explained by Y = 0.785 e0.0052 X, where Y and X were respectively diameter and age of flower bud. The complete life history of R. arnoldii required 3.5 to 5 years, where a female flower needed a longer time than a male flower. The population structure of R. arnoldii was not constant, but changed dynamically over time. The dynamics of population structure was mainly caused by the high mortality of small buds and the low flower bud recruitment.
The diversity of useful plants and botanical knowledge of the Rejang Tribe in Kepahiang District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia WIRYONO WIRYONO; Sriwahyuni; Gusti Ayu Winanda; Saprinurdin; Steffanie Nurliana
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201219

Abstract

Abstract. Wiryono, Sriwahyuni, Winanda GA, Saprinurdin, Nurliana S. 2019. The diversity of useful plants and botanical knowledge of the Rejang Tribe in Kepahiang District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3599-3607. The rural people derive multiple benefits from the highly diverse plants in their traditional gardens and the nearby natural forests. However, the conversion of natural forests and traditional gardens into monoculture plantations in many areas has reduced the plant diversity, which in turn has also reduced the botanical knowledge, especially among the younger generation. This study was conducted to know: (i) the diversity of plant species used by the people of Rejang tribe in Kota Agung Village, Kepahiang District, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, (ii) the correlation between age and botanical knowledge, and (iii) the effect of gender on the botanical knowledge. Data were collected through interviews with five key informants and 68 villagers, and the data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using t-test and regression analyses. The results showed that the Rejang people in Kota Agung Village used 130 plant species for 12 different purposes. The three top use categories were food, medicine, and ornament. The botanical knowledge was positively correlated with age, and women had better botanical knowledge than men, presumably due to the longer time they spend in taking care of the homegardens. This study confirms the worldwide trend that there is a decline in botanical knowledge among young people.
Medicinal plants and practices of Rongkong Traditional Healers in South Sulawesi, Indonesia Fanie Indrian Mustofa; Nuning Rahmawati; Aminullah
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210229

Abstract

Abstract. Mustofa FI, Rahmawati N, Aminullah. 2020. Medicinal plants and practices of Rongkong Traditional Healers in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 642-651. Ethnomedicine reflects the fusion of tradition, natural resources, and local knowledge of the community in maintaining health. However, this knowledge is facing the threat of disappearance due to poor documentation and socio-cultural alteration. This study was conducted to find out information about species of plants used and related practices by traditional healers to overcome health problems. The study was conducted in Rongkong, North Luwu District, South Sulawesi Province. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed to obtain informants demographic data, species of medicinal plants, traditional medicine ingredients, parts used, methods of remedies preparation and use, as well as various ailments that can be treated by medicinal plants. The data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively, by calculating the family and species use-value. The study revealed medicinal plants used and practices by Rongkong traditional healers to treat 31 ailments. They used a total of 62 species of medicinal plants distributed among 33 botanical families and 55 genera. Allium cepa has the highest UV among all medicinal plants in Rongkong. Both traditional knowledge and medicinal plant diversity possessed by Rongkong community are valuable local assets that must be maintained and developed for greater benefits.
The effects of a parasitoid wasp of a gall-making insect on host plant characteristics and the abundance of sharing host-plant herbivore Ananto Triyogo; Hironori Yasuda
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201206

Abstract

Abstract. Triyogo A, Yasuda H. 2019. The effects of a parasitoid wasp of a gall-making insect on host plant characteristics and the abundance of sharing host-plant herbivore. Biodiversitas 20: 3499-3507. The present study has evaluated the indirect, top-down effects of a parasitoid wasp, Torymus beneficus Yasumatsu et Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), of a gall-maker, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), on the characteristics of the chestnut tree, Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc. (Fagales: Fagaceae), and the implications for other herbivores, the aphid, Myzocallis kuricola (Matsumura) (Homoptera: Aphididae). sharing the same host plant. In a field experiment, the behavior of D. kuriphilus larvae on chestnut tree was influenced by the T. beneficus as indicated by a small increment of gall volume. However, parasitism did not affect certain other leaf characteristics that were induced by the gall wasp. Here we show that the characteristics of chestnut tree induced by the gall-making wasp affected M. kuricola that subsequently attacked the chestnut tree. However, the hypothesis that top-down effects by natural enemies may affect other herbivores on chestnut tree through its influence on gall-making wasp was not supported in this study. This study shows that parasitism of a gall-maker does not affect the other herbivore sharing the same host plant. Furthermore, the top-down effects of the parasitoid's behavior on plants may have different effects on sharing host herbivores that attack galled plants.
Short Communication: First record of Hirschmanniella mucronata (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia Siwi Indarti; Alan Soffan; MUHAMMAD MAULANA FARDANI ANDRASMARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210533

Abstract

Abstract. Indarti S, Soffan A, Andrasmara MMF. 2020. Short Communication: First record of Hirschmanniella mucronata (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2068-2073. Hirschmanniella spp. is one of the worldwide plant-parasitic nematodes affecting major losses in rice production and impact up to 25% yield losses especially on irrigated rice. Infection of Hirschmanniella spp. on the root system leading to the typical symptom of red color in the rice rooting system. In order to identify the species variation of Hirschmanniella spp. from the collected samples in Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia, a molecular-based identification using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was conducted, complemented by morphological identification technique. PCR based identification was carried out by amplifying the area of ??28S rRNA using universal nematode primer (D2A / D3B) which resulting about 766 bp of amplicon. Blastx analysis from Genbank showed that Cangkringan sample confirmed to be H. mucronata species, while other samples from Banguntapan and Imogiri were H. oryzae species. The Cangkringan samples of H. mucronata have 97.5 % similarities with Belgium sample, forming separate clades with other samples. While both Banguntapan and Imogiri samples have the 99 % similarity with H. oryzae and were located in the same clade, but separated from Cangkringan sample. Morphological identification confirmed both species were distinctly based on the unique characters of the tail tips. H. mucronata therefor is the first report nematode species in Indonesian rice field. Precaution should be designed to prevent the potential distribution of H. mucronata to other areas.
The vertical distribution of epiphytic orchids on Schima wallichii trees in a montane forest in West Java, Indonesia Indra Fardhani; Takeshi Torimaru; Hiromitsu Kisanuki
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210136

Abstract

Abstract. Fardhani I, Torimaru T, Kisanuki H. 2020. The vertical distribution of epiphytic orchids on Schima wallichii trees in a montane forest in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 290-298. Schima wallichii Choisy. is a mostly montane species native to the island of Java; it grows on degraded land areas and is widely used for forest restoration. We studied the vertical distribution of epiphytic orchids on these trees in montane forest on Mt. Sanggara, West Java, Indonesia. To this end, 40 S. wallichii trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) > 20 cm were chosen haphazardly and their epiphytic orchids were identified The diameter and height of each host tree were measured. The position of each epiphytic orchid on each host tree was allocated to one of five zones using Johansson’s method. In total, 39 epiphytic orchid species were identified on 40 host trees at the study site. There was no significant difference in orchid abundance or species richness between crown zones. However, there were significant differences in orchid abundance and species richness between trunks and crowns. Host tree size (DBH) and the number of branches were positively correlated with orchid abundance and species richness. The numbers of orchids and other epiphytic plants were positively correlated in the mid-crown and outer-crown. S. wallichii trees are essential for the epiphytic orchid community because they produce many branches that are suitable for colonization.

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