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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Biochar enriched with organic fertilizer improves the survival and growth rate of Anthocepalus cadamba seedlings planted on degraded spodosols Syahrinudin Syahrinudin; Wahjuni Hartati; Triyono Sudarmadji; Nurman Krisdianto; Ibrahim Ibrahim
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201237

Abstract

Abstract. Syahrinudin, Hartati W, Sudarmadji T, Krisdianto N, Ibrahim. 2019. Biochar enriched with organic fertilizer improves the survival and growth rate of Anthocepalus cadamba seedlings planted on degraded spodosols. Biodiversitas 20: 3741-3750. The application of biochar for the improvement of soil properties and fertility has drawn enormous interest worldwide nowadays and numerous application options are now available. This research was aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of biochar and organic fertilizers on the survival and growth of Anthocepalus cadamba seedlings planted on degraded spodosols soil on bioassay trial in the nursery. Bioassay trial was carried out in the nursery of Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia, employing a 2-factors Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factor 1 was the rate of biochar application (i.e. six levels of treatment: 0 (control), 2, 5, 10, 25 and 100%v of biochar), and factor 2 (enrichment of organic fertilizers, i.e. with enrichment and without enrichment), and each treatment combination had 3 replications. The results showed that biochar application alone improved height and diameter growth rate of A. cadamba seedlings by 253% and 116% of control treatment (without biochar), respectively. Enrichment of organic fertilizers gave further improvement in height and diameter growth rate of A. cadamba seedlings to 386% and 150% of control treatment (without biochar), respectively. Furthermore, biochar application improved survival and biomass growth rate of the seedlings. Enrichment of organic fertilizers into biochar improved not only seedling growth rate but also more interestingly the carrying capacity of spodosols to biochar application rate. We concluded that biochar application complemented with enrichment of organic fertilizers on spodosols is highly promising for the improvement of both soil carbon sequestration and plant growth performance.
Ex-situ conservation and management of dipterocarps genetic resources through seedlings collections and nursery establishment HENTI HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT; Rizki Ary Fambayun; KUSUMADEWI SRI YULITA; ARIDA SUSILOWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210217

Abstract

Abstract. Rachmat HH, Fambayun RA, Yulita KS, Susilowati A. 2020. Ex-situ conservation and management of dipterocarps genetic resources through seedlings collections and nursery establishment. Biodiversitas 21: 556-563. Dipterocarpaceae is a pantropical tree family that spread throughout Asia, including Indonesia. Dipterocarps species are highly valued for their timber. However, their existence is threatened due to illegal logging, forest degradation, and land conversion, result in population reduction in their natural habitat. Conservation nursery is one of germplasm conservation concepts that contain a living collection of endangered, commercially valuable, and multi-purpose tree species. Related to this nursery concept, Forest Research and Development Agency (FORDA) collaborated with Komatsu established a KoFCo nursery (Komatsu- FORDA Conservation Nursery). The establishment of this nursery was by field collection of dipterocarps species as targeted species, followed by sowing and acclimatization for seed and wildings, vegetative propagation using the KOFFCO cutting system, and nursing (watering, weeding, fertilizing, and soil change). At present, the KoFCo nursery has ca. 13,000 individuals of nine genera of dipterocarps seedlings originated from fifteen provinces in Indonesia. Of these, 76 species (68%) are categorized as threatened based on the IUCN red-list category and criteria. Hence, more than 60% of these threatened species were conserved and well-managed through KoFCo nursery. Seedlings collection and KoFCo nursery, therefore, play a vital role and support in ex-situ conservation effort and management of dipterocarps genetic resources.
Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from Zingiber zerumbet rhizome against Salmonella spp. Imbang Dwi Rahayu; WAHYU WIDODO; INDAH PRIHARTINI; ARIS WINAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201127

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu ID, Widodo W, Prihartini I, Winaya A. 2019. Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from Zingiber zerumbet rhizome against Salmonella spp. Biodiversitas 20: 3322-3327. The study aimed at investigating the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of the Lempuyang Gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith) rhizome against Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 31194 and S. typhimurium ATCC 23564. An experimental method was employed for testing the antibacterial activity, with a completely randomized design (CRD) of factorial patterns. Factor I, ethanol concentrations which consisted of 45%; 70% and 95%, while factor II was the concentration of extracts, i.e 0%; 2.5%; 5%; 7.5% and 10%. The phytochemical screening results showed that the Z. zerumbet extracts with 45% and 70% ethanol, contained alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins; however, the-95%-ethanol did not result in any saponins, but flavonoids instead. Meanwhile, the chromatogram patterns of all extracts showed zerumbone is a dominant compound. Extraction of Z. zerumbet using 95% ethanol has higher antibacterial activity against S. enteritidis than S. typhimurium. The extract with 10% concentration gave the highest antibacterial activity than other concentrations. It can be concluded that the Z. zerumbet L. Smith extracts with 95% ethanol and 10% concentration has the best antibacterial activity against S. enteritidis. Whereas S. typhimurium is effectively inhibited by extracts with 45% ethanol and 7.5% extract concentration.
The potential of Cosmos sulphureus flower extract as a bioherbicide for Cyperus rotundus Dyah Respatie; Yudono Prapto; Aziz Purwantoro; Y. Andi Trisyono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201215

Abstract

Abstract. Respatie. D. W, Yudono P, Purwantoro A, Trisyono Y.A. 2019. The potential of Cosmos sulphureus flower extract as a bioherbicide for Cyperus rotundus. Biodiversitas 20: 3568-3574. Cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) flower is recognized as natural source of bioherbicide compounds for several weeds. The purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is an important weed, and this research was aimed to determine the effects of cosmos flower extract on this weed. Dried cosmos flowers were threshed and extracted using maceration method with 70% alcohol. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Purple nutsedge tubers were planted in polybags and treated with cosmos flower extract applicated once to three times with 300 mL polybag-1 at the concentration of 40%. Different levels of inhibitions on purple nutsedge growth were observed at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) due to the presence of gallic acid in the extract. Growth parameters for purple nutsedge were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Least Significant Differences (LSD) at ?=0.05. Significant reductions in the number of mother shoots, daughter shoots, and roots, length of mother leaves, length of rhizomes, root, and total leaf area of the purple nutsedge treated with the cosmos flower extract at 30 DAS compared to those in the control. A significant reduction was also observed in foliage dry weight, underground organs dry weight, and total dry weight of purple nutsedge. The three application times yielded maximum inhibition. In addition, these treatments reduced N, P, and  K content, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis rates at 30 DAS. These results suggest that cosmos flower extract has the potential for controlling purple nutsedge.
Harvesting trends of Amboina box turtles (Cuora amboinensis) seventeen years after listing in Appendix II CITES Muhammad Alif Fauzi; Amir Hamidy; Nia Kurniawan
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210339

Abstract

Abstract. Fauzi MA, Hamidy A, Kurniawan N. 2020. Harvesting trends of Amboina box turtles (Cuora amboinensis) seventeen years after listing in Appendix II CITES. Biodiversitas 21: 1142-1148. Among Southeast Asian freshwater turtles, the Amboina box turtle (Cuora amboinensis) held the highest recorded harvesting levels. The large volumes of harvesting influenced its International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) revised the conservation status of C.amboinensis from Near Threatened to Vulnerable in 2000. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) also inclusion of Amboina box turtle in Appendix II category. The CITES trade database provided a data set that tracks the legal trade of C. amboinensis in the global market from 2000 to 2017. Before 2005, Malaysia was the largest major supplier of this species to the global market. However, after 2005, Indonesia replaces Malaysia as the biggest exporter. From 2005 to 2014, the data showed that the trade trends already followed the quota of provisions. The trade routes of C amboinensis showed that the USA was the country to which these turtles were most frequently imported (50 times during 2000-2017), while China was still the biggest importer country in terms of quantity (463584 individuals from 2000-2017). The USA re-exported C. amboinensis for the pet trade to several European countries. Vietnam reportedly also re-exported C. amboinensis from Laos. However, Laos has rarely reported the occurrence of export activities to Vietnam. Based on these findings, we were able to understand the dynamics of the C. amboinensis trade globally more clearly, propose several actions deemed necessary for its conservation, and suggest greater on-going coordinated efforts to monitor the trade of this species.
Characterization and potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on rice seedling growth and the effect on Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Haliatur Rahma; NURBAILIS; NILA KRISTINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201226

Abstract

Abstract. Rahma H, Nurbailis, Kristina N. 2019. Characterization and potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on rice seedling growth and the effect on Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Biodiversitas 20: 3654-3661. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), a major limiting factor in rice production, and the use of resistant Xoo varieties have failed to control the bacterial pathogens as well as increased yield. It is due to the diversity in pathotypes, caused by environmental factors, the nature of resistant variety used, and gene mutation. The aims of this study were to select rhizobacterial strains with the potential of suppressing Xoo growth and promoting the growth of rice seedlings. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) using seven rhizobacterial isolates selected through a dual culture test, with four replications. There were four isolates that potential in inhibiting the growth of Xoo, namely KJKB5.4, LMTSA5.4, Bacillus cereus AJ34, and Alcaligenes faecalis AJ14, with inhibition diameters greater than 11.50 mm. Rhizobacterial supernatant of 4 potential isolates has a zone of inhibition ranging from 12.25 to 24.00 mm. Four potential isolates were also able to solubilize phosphate, produce indole acetic acid (IAA) growth hormone, and siderophore, as well as enhance the growth of rice seedlings. Based on the nucleic acid sequencing of LMTSA5.4, KJKB5.4, and RK12 isolates were identified as Stenotrophomonas malthopilia strain LMG 958 (99.13%) accession NR 119220.1, Stenotrophomonas pavanii strain LMG 25348 (95.84%) accession NR 118008.1 and Ochrobactrum ciceri strain ca-34 (92.91%) accession NR115819.1.
Anatomical structure, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves and fruits on different age and maturity level evi kuntorini; LAURENTIUS HARTANTO NUGROHO; MARYANI; TRI RINI NURINGTYAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201221

Abstract

Abstract. Kuntorini EM, Nugroho LH, Maryani, Nuringtyas TR. 2019. Anatomical structure, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves and fruits on different age and maturity level. Biodiversitas 20: 3619-3625. Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton.) Hassk.) is a native plant to southeast Asian countries, and is a well-known medicinal plant used to treat colic diarrhea, wounds, heartburn, abscesses, gynecopathy, and as a pain killer. However, the use of R. tomentosa has not been optimized. This research aimed to observe the anatomical structure, the location, and distribution of flavonoid and to find out the antioxidant activity based on the leaves age and the fruit maturity. Anatomical slides preparation of leaves and fruits were made using the paraffin embedding method with safranin staining. The distribution of flavonoid was analyzed by histochemical test and antioxidant activity was done with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. Leaf anatomical structure shows that the leaf bifacial (dorsiventral) consisted of upper epidermis, mesophyll (palisade and sponge), collateral vascular bundle, parenchyma midrib, abaxial epidermis, globular oil cavity, and non-glandular trichome. Transverse section of green fruit consists of exocarp (thin outer layer), mesocarp (thick inner layer, soft and runny) and endocarp (thin false septa) layers. The histochemical test showed that flavonoid was observed in the leaf epidermis, mesophyll, vascular bundles, secretory cavity, parenchyma and in all fruit types exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp. Antioxidant activity showed that the extract of the young leaves (IC50 = 14.67 ppm) was stronger than the old leaves (IC50 = 19.86 ppm). The antioxidant activity of the purple fruits extract (IC50 = 12.98 ppm) was stronger than the red fruits (IC50 = 28.63 ppm) and the green fruits (IC50 = 48.36 ppm) but it was weaker than quercetin (IC50 = 1.29 ppm). The purple fruit had the highest antioxidant activity compared to other extracts. This information will be useful for developing karamunting as a potential resource of natural antioxidants for functional foods and health products.
Short Communication: rbcL and matK chloroplast DNA composition of green chireta (Andrographis paniculata) from Indonesia Muhammad Fauzi Arif; Ganies Riza Aristya; Dyah Subositi; Aniska Novita Sari; Rina Sri Kasiamdari
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201216

Abstract

Abstract. Arif MF, Aristya GR, Subositi D, Sai AN, Kasiamdari RS. 2019. Short Communication: rbcL and matK chloroplast DNA composition of green chireta (Andrographis paniculata) from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3575-3583. Green chireta (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees.) is often used by the traditional community as a medicinal herb in Indonesia. However, nucleotide study of green chireta from Indonesia has never been done. The objectives of this study were to analyze the rbcL and matK chloroplast gene composition of green chireta from Indonesia and to analyze the relationship with other Andrographis species. The result proved that all the DNA composition of green chireta used in this study was similar to the A. paniculata from GenBank. The rbcL composition was similar to A. paniculata KF521878, A. paniculata JQ922118, and A. paniculata JQ230990 from GenBank while the matK composition was similar to A. paniculata LC461762. Total 501 bp of rbcL and 639 bp of matK can be aligned produced 167 and 213 amino acid from translation. The amino acid translation result showed no different expression from rbcL genes but there was one sample expressed different translations from the matK gene. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using the Neighbor-Joining method with 1000 bootstrap values and the Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) model in the MEGA7 software. Both rbcL and matK genes grouped the samples into the same clade as A. paniculata from GenBank. No variation was detected from the rbcL gene but two haplotypes were detected from the matK gene. This composition and sequence data serve as a database for Andrographis species from Indonesia which can be used for various studies.
Identification and expression of gonadotrophin hormones in gouramy (Osphronemous gouramy, Lacepède, 1801) under photoperiod manipulations norman prayogo; asrul siregar; purnama sukardi; yasumasa bessho
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210413

Abstract

Abstract. Prayogo NA, Siregar AS, Sukardi P, Bessho Y. 2020. Identification and expression of gonadotrophin hormones in gouramy (Osphronemoous gouramy, Lacepède, 1801) under photoperiod manipulations. Biodiversitas 21: 1365-1372. The environment influences fish reproduction. One of the influential environmental factors is photoperiod that regulates the production of hormones for gonad growth and development, gametogenesis, then the reproductive cycle. This research was conducted to determine the effect of photoperiod on the reproductive performance of gouramy with different photoperiod treatments. The design of this study was four photoperiod treatments consisting of 14L: 10D, 16L: 8D and 18L: 6D and controls. Fish samples were divided into 4 aquariums consisting of nine fish and repetition was conducted on each. Fish were kept under photoperiod treatment for 16 weeks. The observed variable was pituitary activity. Pituitary activity was evaluated by measuring the expression of FSH and LH genes using Real Time PCR. The results showed that gouramy had FSH and LH genes with 483 bp and 506 bp. FSH and LH gene expression increased with long photoperiod exposure (P <0.05). These findings indicate that photoperiods regulate the reproduction of gouramy through the HPG axis and control the production of the hormone Gonadotropin.
Determining the landscape priority and their threats for the Critically Endangered Pongo tapanuliensis population in Indonesia Dede Aulia Rahman; Dones Rinaldi; Wanda Kuswanda; Rondang Siregar; Fitri Noorch; Fahmi Hakim; Harnios Arief; Haryanto R Putro
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201217

Abstract

Abstract. Rahman DE, Rinaldi D, Kuswanda W, Siregar R, Noor CF, Hakim F, Arief H, Putro HR. 2019. Determining the landscape priority and their threats for the Critically Endangered Pongo tapanuliensis population in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3584-3592. Understanding the habitat preference and spatial distribution for the management of medium-large primates is important for conserving and enhancing biodiversity in the most isolated and remote Batang Toru landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Based on the first extensive orangutan survey dataset during 2000 and 2007, we aimed to provide microhabitat preference and distribution assessment for the new species of orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis), a poorly known and threatened primate endemic in Indonesia. To inform future conservation measures, we develop a predictive habitat suitability map and use this map to show the current threat for Tapanuli orangutan in their habitat and as the basis of proposed of the landscape boundary in Batang Toru ecosystem. In order to identify some environmental factors affecting conservation, we analyzed the microhabitat preference of Tapanuli orangutan using maximum entropy modeling (MaxEnt). The modeled orangutan distribution map covers 1.458,06 km2 (58,52% of Batang Toru’s landscape) and reveals three distinct distribution areas. The four most important environmental predictors are the distance from the cultivation area, NDVI, mean precipitation, and distance from the secondary forest edge. The distribution of the orangutan overlap with land-use categories reveals that 42,98% of the distribution lies in protected areas, but that 15,54% lies in natural forest concessions and area for other purposes (APL). Large scale land-use masterplan is needed to provide strategies and control for future development in the possibility of land uses and management are allowed in the landscape including its conservation policies. Moreover, collaborative management strategies are needed to develop a sustainable management system. We confirmed the Batang Toru landscape as the sole of Indonesia’s biodiversity hotspots and a critical area to preserve the Tapanuli orangutan.

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