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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Microbial exploration from two different ecosystems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia RATNAWATI RATNAWATI; SRI SUDEWI; KASMAN JAYA; ABDUL RAHIM SALEH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231201

Abstract

Abstract. Ratnawati, Sudewi S, Jaya K, Saleh AR. 2022. Microbial exploration from two different ecosystems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6191-6198. A supportive growing environment and the presence of microbes in the soil are considered good habitats for plant growth. Endophytic microbes live in symbiosis (mutual benefit) with their host plants, both in the stem and root tissues of plants, providing defense services in biotic and abiotic stress situations. This study was aimed to identify various microbes that exist in various agricultural cultivation ecosystems in Central Sulawesi. Microbial sampling was obtained from healthy plant tissues (endophytes) and rhizosphere in lowland rice and shallot plantation ecosystems. The sample obtained was then weighed as much as 5 g and surface sterilized for further isolation by serial dilution method to be spread on NA (Nutrient Agar) media for bacteria, and PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) for fungi. The microbes that had grown were re-isolated to obtain pure isolate culture of microbes. The results showed that 8 isolates from the rhizosphere and 4 isolates as endophytes in the ecosystem of organic rice fields were recorded. The fungal isolates from the shallot plantation “Lembah Palu” found as many as 12 isolates from rhizosphere and 4 isolates as endophytes. The results of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics on fungal isolates identified as the species of Trichoderma, Fusarium, Penicillium, Gliocladium and Aspergillus.
Endophytic actinobacteria of Eleutherine palmifolia as antioxidant producer AFINA PUTRI SHABIRA; ARIS TJAHJOLEKSONO; YULIN LESTARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230844

Abstract

Abstract. Shabira AP, Tjahjoleksono A, Lestari Y. 2022. Endophytic actinobacteria of Eleutherine palmifolia as antioxidant producer. Biodiversitas 23: 4209-4215. Endophytic actinobacteria can generate bioactive compounds similar to those produced by the host plant. The Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr is an example of a widely utilized host plant in the Dayak community. Flavonoids, which have antioxidant effects, are among the bioactive compounds found in E. palmifolia. The antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds produced by endophytic actinobacteria of E. palmifolia remains unidentified. The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds produced by endophytic actinobacteria of E. palmifolia. Antioxidant activity from isolates actinobacteria was determined quantitatively using the DPPH and ABTS methods. Identification of the types of bioactive compound in the samples was identified using TLC assay and bioautography test. Analysis of flavonoid levels was performed using colorimetric aluminum chloride (AlCl3). The result showed that the extraction of six isolates of endophytic actinobacteria with ethyl acetate solvent had different yields. The extract of endophytic actinobacteria EPB 6 isolate produced the highest (0.013%) yield. The extract of endophytic actinobacteria EPB 3 isolate had the best antioxidant activity, with 53.85 mg/mL (DPPH) and 42.43 mg/mL (ABTS). The extract of endophytic actinobacteria EPB 3 isolate and E. palmifolia had the same blue spots in TLC analysis, indicating the presence of bioactive compounds flavonol and flavones groups. The bioautography test of EPB 3 isolate endophytic actinobacteria extract produced yellow color, indicating qualitatively antioxidant activity. The total flavonoid content of the EPB 3 isolate extract was also higher (25.30 QE/mg) than the other five isolates, while it was 46.03 QE/mg in E. palmifolia extract. It is clear from the present study that the endophytic actinobacteria extract can produce antioxidants.
Diversity of Entamoeba spp. in Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Parks, Indonesia DONY CHRISMANTO; Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti; LUCIA TRI SUWANTI; POEDJI HASTUTIEK; DYAH AYU KURNIAWATI; CHICI AYU PARAMITA; ADIANA MUTAMSARI WITANINGRUM; ARIF PRATIWI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230919

Abstract

Abstract. Chrismanto D, Lastutui NDR, Suwanti LT, Hastutiek P, Kurniawati DA, Witaningrum AM, Paramita CA, Pratiwi A. 2022. Diversity of Entamoeba spp. in Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Parks, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4524-4531. Entamoeba spp. is one of the most common protozoa in humans and non-human primates. Several species of Entamoeba are considered pathogenic, andone of them is Entamoeba histolytica has become a major public health concern. Contact between humans and Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Baluran National Park and Alas Purwo National Park has become more frequent in the last 10 years due to the habit of tourists providing food. This condition increases the potential of zoonoses between humans and Long-tailed Macaques. The aims of this study are to determine the diversity of species of Entamoeba spp. and the potential zoonosis from the Long-Tailed Macaque in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Park. In this study, 200 Fecal samples were collected from Long-tailed Macaques from Baluran National Park (100 samples) and Alas Purwo National Park (100 samples), examined both morphological and molecular examination with Entamoeba genus-specific primer. Positive samples were continued to be examined for the presence of 7 Entamoeba species by PCR amplification of the SSU rRNA gene. The results were found that 53% (53/100) of the samples were identified as Entamoeba spp. from Baluran National Park, and four Entamoeba species were identified, Entamoeba coli 84.9% (45/53), Entamoeba chattoni 58.9% (31/53), Entamoeba hartmanni 7.5% (4/53), and Entamoeba moshkovskii 13.2% (7/53), and among these, 58.49% (31/53) were mixed infections. The results from Alas Purwo National Park showed 82% (82/100) and three species of Entamoeba were detected by molecular tests, E. chattoni (90%), E. coli (85%) and E. moshkovskii (8.5%). The conclusion of the current study revealed the prevalence and diversity of Entamoeba species in Long-tailed Macaques in Baluran National Park and Alas Purwo National Park, Indonesia. This study is the first report on the diversity of Entamoeba species with molecular detection. The risk of zoonosis transmission in the region needs to be closely monitored.
New data on the vertical distribution of nematode communities in mountain ecosystems of Mount Zarafshan, Uzbekistan SARDORBEK BAKHRIDDINOVICH NARZULLAYEV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230814

Abstract

Abstract. Narzullayev SB. 2022. New data on the vertical distribution of nematode communities in mountain ecosystems of Mount Zarafshan, Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 23: 3967-3975. New data on the vertical distribution of nematode communities in mountain ecosystems (Mount Zarafshan, Uzbekistan) is the first study on the variation of nematode species and ecological groups in Central Asia depending on altitude gradients. The study's primary purpose was to study the nematode fauna of perennial plants in the highlands and to reveal the formation of nematodes following the ecological characteristics. To achieve the study's objectives, samples were collected from perennial plants and rhizosphere soils growing in mountain ecosystems with a maximum altitude of 2590 m above sea level in 2016-2018. The sample analysis determined that the northern slope of the Zarafshan mountain range consists of 121 species belonging to 8 orders, 35 families and 58 genera. The study area is divided into four vertical altitude zones (upper, middle, lower, and foothills), which differ in climate, relief, vegetation cover and density to understand the formation of mountain nematode fauna. Sixty-four species of nematodes were identified in the upper zone, 93 in the middle zone, 104 in the lower zone, and 79 in the foothills. The nematodes in the fauna were divided into ecological groups such as plant feeders, mycophages, bacteriotrophs, predators and omnivores. The obtained results showed that the species and ecological composition of the nematode community depended on changes in vegetation cover density, soil organic composition and water regime in the height gradients.
Two new species of Kaempferia subgenus Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae: Zingibereae) from Thailand PIYAPORN SAENSOUK; SURAPON SAENSOUK; THAWATPHONG BOONMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230860

Abstract

Abstract. Saensouk P, Saensouk S, Boonma T. 2022. Two new species of Kaempferia subgenus Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae: Zingibereae) from Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 4343-4354. Two new species of Kaempferia L., namely Kaempferia napavarniae Saensouk, P. Saensouk & Boonma, and Kaempferia sakonensis Saensouk, P. Saensouk & Boonma, are discribed here. The production of terminal inflorescences, covered by leaf sheaths, makes both species fall into the subgenus Kaempferia. The first species were found only in Nakhon Sawan Province, Northern Thailand, and the second species were found only in Sakon Nakhon Province, Northeastern Thailand. Living specimens and spirit specimens of both new species were compared to the existing allied species, but they differed and were never reported in taxonomic treatment before. Thus, we claimed both of them as new species to science and named the first species to honor Associate Professor Dr. Napavarn Noparatnaraporn (Director of Center for Research-driven in Natural Resources and Environment towards Utilization) who is a specialist in Biodiversity in Thailand. And named the second species according to its locality by using the province name as the epithet name. The descriptions with their illustrations, ecology, etymology, distributions, and a revised key to species of Kaempferia subgenus Kaempferia in Thailand for facilitating identification are also prepared.
Secondary trait and index selection determination for maize genotype selection in acidic tidal swamp environment SUWARTI SUWARTI; MUNIF GHULAMAHDI; DIDY SOPANDIE; TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS; EKO SULISTYONO; MUHAMMAD AZRAI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230839

Abstract

Abstract. Suwarti, Ghulamahdi M, Sopandie D, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Sulistyono E, Azrai M. 2022. Secondary trait and index selection determination for maize genotype selection in acidic tidal swamp environment. Biodiversitas 23: 4169-4179. Determining secondary traits as complementary selection in maize genotypes for abiotic stress environment is compulsory since yield-based selection usually provides biased result. This study aimed to obtain secondary traits for maize selection in an abiotic multi-stresses of Fe, Al, and temporary flooding environments of acid sulfate tidal swamp land using multivariate analysis. A total of 150 (un-repeated) maize inbred lines and five check genotypes in five replicates were arranged in a randomized augmented plot design in three environments to generate 525 single plots. Three types of environments based on irrigation regimes were applied on acid soil tidal swamp land to study the agronomic characteristics of maize genotypes in each environment. Saturated Cultivation Technology (SSC) was considered the optimal environment. Dryland treatment was the condition to let the irrigation only depend on rainwater. Temporary flooding treatment was carried out at five stages of different growth periods. Several steps of analysis were applied in this study by taking variance, and heritability was used as the basis for selections. The characters affected by treatments with medium to high heritability were then analyzed with correlation and pathway analysis. Seven selection indexes, SSI, GMP, YSI, YI, TOL, STI, and MP, that have a high correlation to yield in both optimum and stress environments, were applied simultaneity with the selected trait characters to screen the genotypes utilizing PCA biplot analysis. Venn analysis was used to group the genotypes based on the result of the analysis. Indices of STI, MP, GMP, and traits of rows number per ear and the weight of 6 ears were selected as secondary characters for the maize genotypes selection in Saturated Soil culture with temporary flooding stress. Meanwhile, STI, MP, and ear stand height were the selected characters in the dryland of acid sulfate tidal swamp land. Based on the combination of all secondary character selection, genotypes were grouped into five types of stress tolerance in SSC+TF and DL environments. Eight genotypes were tolerant to both SSC+TF and DL stress, and two genotypes were susceptible to both environments.
Monoterpenes accumulation inducing by nutrient status under rhizobacteria and organic manure supply in Cymbopogon nardus FEROTA LARASATI; SUDIARSO SUDIARSO; NUNUN BARUNAWATI; NURUL AINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230825

Abstract

Abstract. Larasati F, Sudiarso, Barunawati N, Aini N. 2022. Monoterpenes accumulation inducing by nutrient status under rhizobacteria and organic manure supply in Cymbopogon nardus. Biodiversitas 23: 4055-4063. The quality type of Cymbopogon nardus in Indonesia is called as Java Citronella Oil. One of the oil components determining the quality of C. nardus is citronellal content as well-known monoterpenes. The citronellal component in C. nardus is obtained through the redistillation process in leaves. This study aims to obtain citronellal content, organic matter, and carbon which are affected by dosage of fertilizer on C. nardus. In the overall, the citronellal component of plants without PGPR (P0) treatment at all levels of organic manure supply is 10% higher than those treated rhizobacteria (P20). The final content of carbon and organic matter in respectively (2,25%) and (3,08%) leaves of plant (P0) at K10, K20, K25, K30 is 20% higher than those treated with P20. This might be caused by the carbon that is distributed to the vegetative part during the fast-growth phase, by contrast, the component of citronellal was reduced. The growth rate of C. nardus depends on the accumulation of dry weight at 5 and 6 MAP, which increases significantly with organic manure treatment of K30 and supply of rhizobacteria (P20), which had nutrient status 1,362% nitrogen, 0,194% phosphorus, 0,882 % potassium in leaf following by citronellal and citronellol.
Morphological characters, pharmacognostical parameters, and preliminary phytochemical screening of Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorni?k. & N.S.Lý in Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam TRAN VAN CHEN; DUONG NGUYEN XUAN LAM; CAO LY TAN THONG; DANH DUC NGUYEN; NGUYEN THANH TO NHI; NGUYEN THANH TRIET
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230807

Abstract

Abstract. Chen TV, Lam DNX, Thong CLT, Nguyen DD, Nhi NTT, Triet NT. 2022. Morphological characters, pharmacognostical parameters, and preliminary phytochemical screening of Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorni?k. & N.S.Lý in Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 23: 3907-3920. Curcuma sahuynhensis (Vegetable Turmeric or Rau Nghe) has been used as a flavor and a spice in Vietnamese cuisines. Information on micromorphological characters, pharmacognostic parameters, and phytochemical screening of C. sahuynhensis has not been reported in the literature. Therefore, the accurate verification of plants requires further research to determine their quality and safety in order to make optimal use of them as raw materials for medicines and food. In this work, macro-and micromorphological features, pharmacognostic parameters, and phytochemical screening were performed according to the Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia V guidelines and other published data. Macromorphologically, it can grow up to 75 ± 5 cm tall and up to 10 per pseudostem. The inflorescence consists of 10–24 bracts. Rhizome branched, and remote tubers were present. The flower was yellow with a warm yellow midrib band, and an incision up to 0.6 cm long on the apex labellum. Anthers are L-shaped, stalked with no knobs below the thecae. Micromorphologically, there are anatomical similarities between the species in the genus Curcuma, particularly in terms of leaves, roots, and rhizomes. Under the lower epidermis of the leaf midrib are small vascular bundles (8–10 bundles). The stomatal index (SI) was 8.97 in abaxial and 1.06 in adaxial of the leaf. Prismatic calcium oxalate crystals were found in the leaf but they were absent in the root. Starch grains were also found in leaf powder (11–12.5 µm) and rhizome powder (15–20 µm). Additionally, the presence of oleoresin (in leaves and rhizomes) and the absence of crystals in the cortex region of the rhizome was found to be significant features in identifying C. sahuynhensis. Phytochemical screening found that its rhizome and inflorescence contain essential oil, amino acids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, triterpenoids, polyuronides, and reducing compounds. Pharmacognostically, rhizome powders' moisture content, total ash value, and acid-insoluble ash value were 11.79 ± 0.20%, 7.32 ± 0.60%, and 0.24 ± 0.08%, respectively.
Aquatic biodiversity in a pond on the airport landside areas through environmental DNA metabarcoding: Implementation for Aviation Security Management DWI SENDI PRIYONO; AKBAR REZA; RURY EPRILURAHMAN; DONAN SATRIA YUDHA; FARADINA MUFTI; NOORMAN HENDRY FAUZY; Raden Bambang Triyono; PANGGIH KURNIA ADHI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230741

Abstract

Abstract. Priyono DS, Reza A, Eprilurahman R, Yudha DS, Mufti D, Fauzy NH, Triyono RB, Adhi PK. 2022. Aquatic biodiversity in a pond on the airport landside areas through environmental DNA metabarcoding: Implementation for Aviation Security Management. Biodiversitas 23: 3639-3646. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has become a widely used tool for aquatic biodiversity monitoring, as well as for formulating effective landscape management strategies. Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA), Indonesia, has a green belt landscape located on the Indian Ocean coast. YIA's landscape biodiversity analysis is still unexplored. Herein, we first used high throughput sequencing DNA metabarcoding to identify and investigate aquatic biodiversity in a pond on the airport landside areas. The metabarcoding eDNA sequencing analysis yielded 224,737 raw reads from the metagenomics utilizing Illumina MiSeq sequencing. We identified 588 eukaryote species from 205 families and 300 genera. Actinopteri is the most dominant class with a diversity of 160 taxa, followed by Mammalia (88), Amphibia (60), and Chlorophyceae (25). At the order level, Anura has the highest order diversity (50), followed by Rodentia (31), Chiroptera (17), Eulipotyphla (16), Squamata (15), and Cypriniformes (14). We found that Plasmodium was the genus with the highest relative abundance in this pond (18,030 reads). Furthermore, the large variety of fish and other taxa in this pond may attract waterbirds, increasing the risk of bird strike. The abundance of Plasmodium sp. in this airport area is an important issue, especially regarding airport malaria risk. Integration of biodiversity monitoring using eDNA with aviation security management provides valuable information for the airport's wildlife hazard management plan. To prevent the recurrence of bird strikes and prevent airport malaria, aviation security strategies utilizing habitat management approaches are recommended.
Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) and morphology of Penja fish (Sicyopterus spp.) in Budong-Budong River, West Sulawesi, Indonesia IDA ASTUTI; MOHAMAD FADJAR; RAHMI NURDIANI; TITIK DWI SULISTIYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230939

Abstract

Abstract. Astuti I, Fadjar M, Nurdiani R, Sulistiyani TD. 2022. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) and morphology of Penja fish (Sicyopterus spp.) in Budong-Budong River, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4724-4729. Penja fish (local name) is a fish that is often found in West Sulawesi. Penja fish belong to the Goobidae family, which has a habit of migrating from the sea to the river. Penja fish species have not been widely published or in the Gen bank. The objective of this study was to analyze the Penja fish species found in the Budong-Budong river, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. The method used was a measurement of fish morphology and analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) using a species barcode (~700). Samples were taken from the catch of fishermen at the mouth of the Budong-Budong river. The result of morphological measurements obtained an average total length of 25-38 mm, standard length 22-35 mm, head length 2-5 mm, tail length 3-5 mm, pelvic fins 0.5-2 mm, pectoral fins 1-3 mm, dorsal fins 1-3 mm and anal fin 0.1-1 and body width 3-6 mm. Electrophoretic analysis on Penja fish samples showed that the DNA between P1 and P2 samples was not much different and has very small genetic variation in 696 bp fragment length. The analysis on the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) showed the identity percentage reached 99.85%. The Penja fish identified in the Budong-Budong river is of the family Gobiidae, genus Sicyopterus with the species name Sicyopterus pugnans, which is classified as post larva.

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