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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Diversity and prevalence of endoparasites in domestic chickens across an elevation gradient Endang Ariyani Setyowati; Slamet Santoso; Rokhmani Rokhmani; Rochmatino Rochmatino
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230810

Abstract

Abstract. Setyowati EA, Santoso S, Rokhmani, Rochmatino. 2022. Diversity and prevalence of endoparasites in domestic chickens across an elevation gradient. Biodiversitas 23: 3936-3942. The domestic chicken farm is negatively affected by endoparasites, which decrease immunity, egg production, and body weight. Although these effects are well understood in large-scale chicken farms, here we aimed to understand endoparasite diversity and prevalence in the context of local-scale domestic chicken farms conducted in Central Java, Indonesia, according to elevation. Chickens were sampled from three villages each in two regions; lowland in Banyumas District and highland in Purbalingga. The result showed that the diversity of endoparasite is very low (H' index: 1.3065-1.3773) and we detected only four endoparasite species (Ascaridia galli, Trichuris trichiura, Heterakis gallinarum (Nematoda), and Raillietina sp. (Cestoda) among a sample of 300 chickens. Endoparasite infection was significantly more prevalent in the lowland villages (70%) than in highland (48%,) (p < 0.05). Among endoparasites found, A. galli was the most prevalent species among all samples (50.0±0.0% of infections in the lowlands and 23.7±1.15% in the highlands) the second is H. gallinarum accounted for 38.3±7.64% of all infections in the highlands and 15.3±0.58% in the lowlands. Raillietina sp. accounted for 35.0±5.0% and 7.3±0.58% of all infections, and T. trichiura accounted for 25.0±5.0 % and 16.0±1.0%. The rate of endoparasite infection within the study area is currently moderate and mainly affected by methods of farm, our findings can serve as a baseline for controlling infection in domestic chickens.
Leaf anatomical characters variation of Strobilanthes s.l. from Sumatra, Indonesia and its taxonomic implications SURATMAN SURATMAN; SURANTO SURANTO; MUZZAZINAH MUZZAZINAH; PURNOMO PURNOMO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230748

Abstract

Abstract. Suratman, Suranto, Muzzazinah, Purnomo. 2022. Leaf anatomical characters variation of Strobilanthes s.l. from Sumatra, Indonesia and its taxonomic implications. Biodiversitas 23: 3705-3720. The objective of this study was to evaluate leaf anatomical character variation among species of Strobilanthes s.l. from Sumatra. A total of 35 species from four genera previously recognized within the subtribe Strobilanthineae (Strobilanthes, Hemigraphis, Sericocalyx, Semnostachya) were used for leaf paradermal section observations. A total of seventeen leaf anatomical characters consisting of ten quantitative and seven qualitative characters were selected for leaf anatomical comparison. The quantitative and qualitative character analysis showed great variability in the majority of tested leaf anatomical characters. This result indicates the large diversity of leaf anatomical characters occurs among species of Strobilanthes s.l. A similarity dendrogram among species of Strobilanthes s.l. based leaf anatomical character data revealed two major clusters. The first cluster consists of eleven species with regular epidermal cell shape and straight cell wall with a similarity coefficient of 0.67. The second cluster consists of twenty four species that differed from species in the first cluster due to their irregular epidermal cell shape and undulate anticlinal cell wall with a similarity coefficient of 0.59. This study indicates that leaf anatomical characters are valuable taxonomic features in taxa delimitation at the species level. The results of this study also support earlier works through molecular studies that all members of the Strobilanthinae then accepted as Strobilanthes s.l. group which could not be easily split into smaller component genera.
Revealing the genetic diversity of Sumbawa endemic horse using microsatellite-based DNA fingerprint AKHMAD SUKRI; IKA NURANI DEWI; SRI NOPITA PRIMAWATI; I GDE ADI SURYAWAN WANGIYANA; ZAINUL MUTTAQIN; ARIS WINAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230837

Abstract

Abstract. Sukri A, Dewi IN, Primawati SB, Wangiyana IGAS, Muttaqin Z, Winaya A. 2022. Revealing the genetic diversity of Sumbawa endemic horse using microsatellite-based DNA fingerprint. Biodiversitas 23: 4153-4159. Sumbawa horse (Equus caballus) is a genetic resource that must be preserved. Sumbawa horses have a significant economic, social, and cultural role. Information on the genetic status of the Sumbawa horse is needed as a step in developing a long-term conservation strategy. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the genetic diversity of the Sumbawa endemic horse using a microsatellite-based DNA fingerprint. DNA isolation was conducted from horse blood samples. Blood samples were taken from two horse farms with 24 individual horses from two different populations, namely Lalar and Liang,West Sumbawa District, Indonesia. Blood was taken from the jugular vein and collected by a qualified veterinarian from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika. A total of 4 microsatellite primers were used in this study, INRA032, HEL09, CA425, and AHT4. This study revealed that the genetic diversity of horses in the Lalar population was higher than Liang. A greater number of alleles reinforces this; higher number and frequency of bands; and the presence of specific bands that indicate unique alleles. This research shows that the Sumbawa horse is unique from other horse breeds in the world. This is evidenced by the lower number of alleles per locus (Na) with a maximum number of two alleles per locus. Sumbawa horses have higher observed heterozygosity (Ho) than expected heterozygosity (He), with a Ho value less than 0.5. Analysis of Molecular Variance result has shown that variation within the population was higher than among the population. This is presumably due to the high gene flow in both horse populations caused by inbreeding. In general, AHT4 primers had the best ability to reveal the genetic diversity of Sumbawa horses with the highest Shannon's information index compared to other markers.
Effect of farmer's behavior in cocoa management on insect diversity in Salayo Cocoa Plantation, West Sumatra, Indonesia Siska Rosalia; Yonariza Yonariza; My Syahrawati
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 10 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231013

Abstract

Abstract. Rosalia S, Yonariza, Syahrawati M. 2022. Effect of farmer's behavior in cocoa management on insect diversity in Salayo Cocoa Plantation, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5064-5073. The behavior of farmers in cocoa cultivation will affect the cocoa (Theobroma cacao) plantation environment and all living things in it, including insects. Disruption of insect diversity will also affect the ecosystem services insects provide, especially those related to improving the quality and quantity of agricultural products, especially cocoa. This study aimed to determine and analyze the diversity of insects in cocoa plantations and the role of insects in the ecosystem. This research was carried out at the Salayo Cocoa Plantation, a small-scale farmers' cocoa plantation in Nagari Salayo, Kubung District, Solok Regency, and the Bioecology Laboratory, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, from July to October 2021. Insect collection was carried out using pitfall traps, yellow sticky traps, light traps, and spraying with insecticides. Insect sampling was carried out three times. The results showed that in cocoa plantations in Nagari Salayo, Kubung District, Solok Regency, insects from 12 orders, 31 families, and 58 species with a total number of 750 individuals were found, and insect diversity was in the range of 1-3322. Based on their role, the collected insects can be divided into pests, decomposers, pollinators, predators, parasitoids, and neutral insects. The richness and abundance of herbivores were lower than carnivores (predators and parasitoids). The predators with the highest number were Formicidae (Hymenoptera). Good farmer behavior in managing the cocoa plantation can maintain insect diversity and the sustainability of ecosystem services provided by insects.
Pestalotiopsis sp. infection causes leaf fall disease of new arrivals in several clones of rubber plants NURHAYATI DAMIRI; YOGA PRATAMA; TRI RAPANI FEBBIYANTI; SUPLI E. RAHIM; DESSY TRI ASTUTI; YANI PURWANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230811

Abstract

Abstract. Damiri N, Pratama Y, Febbiyanti TP, Rahim SE, Astuti DT, Purwanti Y. 2022. Pestalotiopsis sp. infection causes leaf fall disease of new arrivals in several clones of rubber plants. Biodiversitas 23: 3943-3949. This study aims to investigate the response of rubber clones commonly cultivated by farming communities to infection with the new leaf fall pathogen of Pestalotiopsis in rubber plantations. The study was conducted in smallholder rubber plantations, laboratories and greenhouses Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. The study consists of two stages. The first stage was a survey of the leaf fall disease of Pestalotiopsis in smallholder rubber plantations in Banyuasin Regency. The second stage was testing the isolates of Pestalotiopsis sp. against several rubber clones in the greenhouse using the Randomized Block Design (RBD) method, with six treatment clones and six replications. Each replication consisted of three polybags. The treatments tested were rubber plant clones aged four months, namely rubber clones PB 260, RRIC 100, IRR 112, IRR 118, BPM 24 and PB 340. The inoculated leaves were rubber leaves aged 10 days after opening. The results showed that Pestalotiopsis leaf fall disease in 10 smallholder rubber plantation areas in the field showed that new leaf fall attacks caused by the Pestalotiopsis fungus on smallholder rubber plants ranged from 80 to 100 percent with a decrease in production between 20 to 50 percent. All clones planted were susceptible to this new disease, which resulted in a very significant reduction in yield. The treatment of Pestalotiopsis sp. inoculation on six rubber clones significantly affected the severity of Pestalotiopsis new leaf fall disease. Effect of Pestalotiopsis sp. the number of rubber leaves that fall is very significant. The rubber clone that experienced the most leaf fall due to disease was PB 340 although the percentage of leaf fall was not significantly different from the treatment of PB 260 but significantly different from the treatment of clones RRIC 100, IRR 112, IRR 118 and BPM 24. The percentage of Pestalotiopsis leaf fall experienced by clones PB 340 reached 47.19% while the RRIC 100 clone was only 4.98%.
Antibacterial activity of Sunda porcupine quill extract (Hystrix javanica) against Staphylococcus aureus Muhammad Dirga Gifardi; Lina Noviyanti Sutardi; Wartika Rosa Farida; Andhika Yudha Prawira; Srihadi Agungpriyono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230861

Abstract

Abstract. Gifardi MD, Sutardi LN, Farida WR, Prawira AY, Agungpriyono S. 2022. Antibacterial activity of Sunda porcupine quill extract (Hystrix javanica) against Staphylococcus aureus. Biodiversitas 23: 4355-4360. The Sunda porcupine (Hystrix Javanica) is a rare mammal with quill-like hair covering its body. Because the Sunda porcupine has extensive sebaceous glands, the neutral carbohydrate content is well-distributed and is known to have excellent wound healing. In addition, the high acid content of porcupine quills is believed to influence wound healing by inhibiting the growth of bacteria that cause infection on the skin. This study aims to demonstrate the antibacterial activity of the Sunda porcupine quill extract, determine the antibacterial ability of the Sunda porcupine quill extract, and examine the influence of concentration variations on the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Well-diffusion testing of the antibacterial activity of the Sunda porcupine quill extract (so that it is well-diffusion). The test findings demonstrated that the Sunda porcupine quill extract possessed antibacterial properties. The antibacterial activity of porcupine quill extract was indicated by the diameter of the clear zone (inhibition zone) based on the variation of the extract concentration used, namely 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.5625%. The antibacterial activity of the Sunda porcupine quill extract was seen at concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 25%, with the average diameter of the clear zone being 14.88 mm ± 2.43; 12.24 mm ± 2.59; and 12.74 mm ± 3.69. The test results showed an effect of variations in the concentration of Sunda porcupine quill extract on the diameter of the clear zone (P??=0.05) based on the one-way ANOVA test. Sunda porcupine quill extract with concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 25% is included in the category of strong antibacterial so that it can be used as an antibacterial agent.
Agroecosystem complexity of Surjan and Lembaran as local farming systems effects on biodiversity of pest insects DINA WAHYU TRISNAWATI; IHSAN NURKOMAR; LISA KAWISPA ANANDA; DAMAYANTI BUCHORI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230738

Abstract

Abstract. Trisnawati DW, Nurkomar I, Ananda LK, Buchori D. 2022. Agroecosystem complexity of Surjan and Lembaran as local farming systems effects on biodiversity of pest insects. Biodiversitas 23: 3619-3629. Farming systems can influence the diversity and abundance of insect pests. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Surjan and Lembaran farming systems on the diversity and abundance of insect pests in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The field survey was conducted in three Surjan paddy fields and three Lembaran paddy fields in Panjatan Subdistrict, Kulon Progo Regency. The sampling of pests was collected using four kinds of traps, such as sweeping net, yellow sticky trap, pitfall trap, and yellow pan trap. The traps were set twice in the vegetative phase and twice in the generative phase. The results showed that the abundance of pests in Surjan paddy fields was not different from that in Lembaran paddy fields. However, the number of pest species in Surjan paddy fields was higher than in Lembaran paddy fields. In addition, the structure and composition of pests in both farming systems were significantly different. Hemiptera was the most common insect in both farming systems, with dominant pest species of Nephotettix virescens and Nilaparvata lugens.
Mangrove zonation, community structure and healthiness in Kei Islands, Maluku, Indonesia I WAYAN EKA DHARMAWAN; JEVERSON RENYAAN; DONI NURDIANSAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230962

Abstract

Abstract. Dharmawan IWE, Renyaan J, Nurdiansah D. 2022. Mangrove zonation, community structure and healthiness in Kei Islands, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4918-4927. Forest structure and quality were studied in an archipelagic site in Indonesia which consists of estuarine and oceanic mangrove habitats. This study aimed to determine mangrove structure and estimate the spatial distribution of forest healthiness along the zones dominated by different genera. Forest zones were investigated using the Random Forest method utilizing a cloud-free Harmonized Sentinel-2A-Surface Reflectance image. Community structure measurement followed a stratified purposive sampling design along forest zonation. A spatial-based mangrove health index (MHI) model was applied to analyze forest healthiness distribution in each zone. Mangrove area was clearly classified into six genera-dominated zones such as Sonneratia, Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Xylocarpus and Lumnitzera from seaward to landward. The Rhizophora zone had the most extensive area proportion at approximately 68% of the total mangrove area. This study revealed that S. alba species dominated in the outmost zone at about 200% of IVI, while X. granatum and C. tagal were calculated in a larger IVI value in the more landward area. On the other hand, R. stylosa had a majority species composition in Rhizophora forest. According to spatial analysis of MHI, most zones had a majority area of excellent condition, emphasizing that the entire mangrove forest was pristine.
Forest structure and carbon stock of Suan Phueng Nature Education Park in Ratchaburi Province, Western Thailand UTAIN CHANLABUT; BENCHAWAN NAHOK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230856

Abstract

Abstract. Chanlabut U, Nahok B. 2022. Forest structure and carbon stock of Suan Phueng Nature Education Park in Ratchaburi Province, Western Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 4314-4321. Forests play an important role in the global carbon budget. Yet, carbon stocks in tropical forests are uncertain depending on many factors. This study aims to study forest structures and carbon stocks in Suan Phueng Nature Education Park, Ratchaburi, Western Thailand. In 12 plots of 20 × 20 m, an inventory of trees ? 4.5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) was carried out. Soil samples were also collected in sampling plots. To describe forest structures, ecological parameters were analyzed (IVI, diversity indices, basal area, and DBH size classes). Forest carbon stocks were calculated based on biomass and soils. Allometric equations were used to calculate aboveground biomass and converse to carbon stock. The soil carbon was analyzed using the wet oxidation method. The result showed that the lower montane forest (493.74 ± 90.20 Mg C ha-1) had the highest forest carbon stock, followed by the dry evergreen + mixed deciduous forest (203.83 ± 82.74 Mg C ha-1), and mixed deciduous forest (145.46 ± 47.90 Mg C ha–1). In the three forests, there were atotal of 637 trees belonging to 70 species in 29 families. Shannon’s diversity index was 3.59 with a range of 2.17-3.21, indicating a moderate to high diversity. Tree density was 1,137.50 stems ha-1 with a range of 737.50-1,581.25 stems ha-1. The basal area had a range of 5.82-11.11 m2 ha-1. The DBH classes exhibited J-shaped distribution. The large trees (?71 cm) had a greater aboveground carbon stock, despite their lower density. This indicates their importance as carbon sinks in the forest. This study highlights that the forests in Suan Phueng Nature Education Park not only have the potential to be carbon stocks but also contain a high diversity of tree species.
Endophytic bacteria associated with Myristica fragrans Houtt: Improved media, bacterial population, preliminary characterization, and potential as antibacterials MELDA YUNITA; MORGAN OHIWAL; CHRISLAVENA SHINTA DIRKS; ONY WIBRIYONO ANGKEJAYA; NOOR ANDRYAN ILSAN; SUKMAWATI SUKMAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230824

Abstract

Abstract. Yunita M, Ohiwal M, Dirks CS, Angkejaya OW, Ilsan NA, Sukmawati S. 2022. Endophytic bacteria associated with Myristica fragrans Houtt: Improved media, bacterial population, preliminary characterization, and potential as antibacterials. Biodiversitas 23: 4047-4054. We have investigated a similar study previously and only obtained 4 isolates that were able to inhibit pathogenic bacteria with a very small inhibition index (1.5 mm-3.4 mm) in NA media. Therefore, the current study was conducted by improving the NA media with the addition of 1% peptone and Myristica fragrans filtrate. The study aimed to evaluate the potential of endophytic bacteria as antibacterials in the modified NA media. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from 5 organs of M. fragrans and were grown on Nutrient Agar added with 1% peptone and M. fragrans filtrate. The total bacterial population was analyzed by the TPC method. Preliminary characterization consisted of macroscopic and microscopic observations. Antibacterial test was carried out by agar diffusion method. The total population of endophytic bacteria varied for all organs of M. fragrans, with the highest population was found in the seeds (1x105 CFU/gr), while the least was found in the pulp (9x103 CFU/gr). A total of 10 isolates were selected and preliminary characterization showed that endophytic bacteria had different macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. All isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC-27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-29213 with the largest inhibition zone index was obtained by isolate BJ1 (22.5 mm and 23.8 mm), while the smallest was obtained by isolate TD2 (12.5 mm and 13.6 mm) which were still categorized as strong inhibition. The study concluded that the addition of 1% peptone and M. fragrans filtrate in NA media was able to show far better results compared to our previous study and the strong antibacterials can be developed and formulated in the future.

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