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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
 373   374   375   376   377 
Habitat preferences and site fidelity of Tarsius supriatnai in agricultural area and secondary forest of Popayato-Paguat Landscape (Gorontalo, Indonesia) Zuliyanto Zakaria; Abinawanto Abinawanto; ‪Melisnawati H. Angio; Jatna Supriatna
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230762

Abstract

Abstract. Zakaria Z, Abinawanto, Angio MH, Supriatna J. 2022. Habitat preferences and site fidelity of Tarsius supriatnai in agricultural area and secondary forest of Popayato-Paguat Landscape (Gorontalo, Indonesia). Biodiversitas 23: 3844-3851. Tarsius supriatnai is a new species experiencing a declining population trend due to deforestation. This study aims to determine the microhabitat preferences and site fidelity of T. supriatnai in the agricultural areas and secondary forests of the Popayato-Paguat landscape, Gorontalo, Indonesia. Measuring important value index (IVI) conducted by vegetation analysis of the nest tree location found in the two habitats was carried out using a quadrat method in seedling, sapling, pole, and tree forms. In addition, temperature and light intensity around the nest tree was also measured. The results showed that in the habitat of agricultural areas, the plant with the highest IVI was not the nest tree. Meanwhile, in the secondary forest habitat, the plant with the highest IVI at the tree form (Ficus virens) was the nest tree used by T. supriatnai. The diversity value of the H’ and E index showed that the two habitats were in the high to moderate. There was no significant difference in temperature and light intensity between the two habitat types. The results also showed that T. supriatnai mostly used the nest tree of Bambusa vulgaris (26.32%) in the agriculture area and Schizostachyum lima and Calamus zollingeri (28.57%) in the secondary forest. A survey was conducted to evaluate site fidelity to several nest trees found in 2018. The result revealed that T. supriatnai still uses 42.9% of nest trees.
Provenance variation in seed storability of jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) and their response to seed invigoration by priming and gamma irradiation treatments DEDE J. SUDRAJAT; EVAYUSVITA RUSTAM; NURIN WIDYANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 10 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231014

Abstract

Abstract. Sudrajat DJ, Rustam E, Widyani N. 2022. Provenance variation in seed storability of jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) and their response to seed invigoration by priming and gamma irradiation treatments. Biodiversitas 23: 5074-5084. Jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser) is a tree species native to Indonesia with a wide growth distribution and high economic potential, but the cultivation of this species is often hampered by low seed viability and vigor, especially for seeds that have undergone storage. This study aims to examine the provenance variation in seed germination and storability of N. cadamba and the effectiveness of invigoration treatments on the stored seed for 5 years. Hydro-priming, osmo-priming, hormone-priming, and gamma irradiation were tested to improve seed germination and seedling growth. The results showed that intra-population variation in seed germination and storability is quite high, ranging from 53.5%-82.8% for germination capacity and rate of germination decline ranging from 0.7%-61.6% after 5 years of storage. Pomalaa provenance had the best seed germination and storability compared to other provenances. The invigoration treatment significantly affected germination and seedling growth of all provenances. Hydro-priming with aquades for 48 hours gave the best germination capacity for Pomalla and Batuhijau provenances. For low initial germination, such as seed from Kapuas, Alas Purwo, and Kampar, the GA3 500 ppm for 48 hours and PEG -1.2 MPa for 24 hours treatments could improve seed viability and vigor. GA3 and gamma irradiation gave the best seedling growth, although other treatments, such as PEG -0.8 MPa for 24 hours, also could increase seedling height and biomass of Kampar provenance. In general, the effectiveness of the invigoration treatment depends on the initial physiological conditions, the invigoration method, and its concentration.
Amendment of mycorrhizae and its residual effect on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays) hybrids in coastal land RUSTIKAWATI RUSTIKAWATI; EKO SUPRIJONO; BAMBANG G. MURCITRO; CATUR HERISON; SISI J. SITOHANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 11 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231108

Abstract

Abstract. Rustikawati, Suprijono E, Murcitro BG, Herison C, Sitohang SJ. 2022. Amendment of mycorrhizae and its residual effect on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays) hybrids in coastal land. Biodiversitas 23: 5600-5605. Maize (Zea mays L.) is known sensitive to less optimal environmental conditions. Maize cultivation in coastal land has low productivity due to the availability of low nutrients and the ability to hold groundwater. The addition of mycorrhizal fungi (MF) to the coastal land is expected to improve the root environment suitable for plants. This study aimed to evaluate growth and yield of maize hybrids grown in coastal areas amended with MF and examining its residual effect. The newly developed hybrids, CT34 and CT17, and a commercial check cultivar, BISI-18, were grown on a coastal land with the application of mycorrhizae at the rate of 0, 5, and 10 g.plant-1 in a factorial experiment with three replications. Observations were made on plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf greenness, root fresh weight, ear length, ear diameter, number of grain rows, number of grain.ear-1, and grain weight.plant-1. Data were analyzed for ANOVA, and the mean comparisons were conducted with DMRT at a=5%. The results showed that there was no interaction effect between the maize hybrids and the rate of mycorrhizae on any observed variables. The new hybrid of CT34 showed almost similar growth to that of the check cultivar, BISI 18, but the yield was significantly lower. CT34 showed better performance than CT17 on all variables. The application of MF significantly increased stem diameter and root fresh weight, which in turn increased maize yields in the coastal land. Increasing the mycorrhizal rate up to 10 g.plant-1 in coastal lands was ineffective in increasing maize productivity compared to 5 g.plant-1. In a bioassay study on the mycorrhizal residues in the second season, the treatment of 10 g.plant-1 significantly increased maize growth by more than 100% compared to without mycorrhizae.
Characteristics and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles from mangrove crab shell (Scylla sp.) in Tarakan Waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia NOVI LUTHFIYANA; STEPHANIE BIJA; CHRISTINE DYTA NUGRAENI; MISKA SANDA LEMBANG; EFFIONORA ANWAR; DIAN RATIH LAKSMITAWATI; NUSAIBAH NUSAIBAH; PUTRI WENING RATRINIA; MUKMAINNA MUKMAINNA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230820

Abstract

Abstract. Luthfiyana N, Bija S, Nugraeni CD, Lembang MS, Anwar E, Laksmitawati DR, Nusaibah, Ratrinia PW, Mukmainna. 2022. Characteristics and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles from mangrove crab shell (Scylla sp.) in Tarakan Waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4018-4025. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles from mangrove crab shells (Scylla sp.) in Tarakan Waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Chitosan was produced from deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation processes. Nanoparticles of chitosan were produced by the ionic gelation method. The quality of produced chitosan was tested, and characterized the obtained nanoparticles of chitosan. The results showed that the yield of chitosan was 5.82 ± 0.02%, moisture 1.66 ± 0.05%, ash 1.59 ± 0.21%, nitrogen 1.32 ± 0.06%, and degree of deacetylation (DD) 76 ± 0.00%. All results were in accordance with the Protan Laboratory and Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2010 standard. Next, the characteristics of chitosan nanoparticles showed that the highest intensity was 15.69 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.346 and a zeta potential of -26.1 mV. The morphology of chitosan nanoparticles was observed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) at 7,500 times magnification. Several elements, such as C and O, were found as constituent elements of chitosan, whereas Mg, Al, P, and Ca, were metal impurities of the shell. Na was derivate from NaTTP, a reactant from mangrove crab nano chitosan. The results of antimicrobial activity revealed that 1% (P4) chitosan extract showed highest zone of inhibition i.e. 13.55 mm and 13.43 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively.
Detection of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) using cue-lure and methyl eugenol in Depok City and Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia Hagus Tarno; Evy Octavia; Toto Himawan; Yogo Setiawan
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230843

Abstract

Abstract. Tarno H, Octavia E, Himawan T, Setiawan Y. 2022. Detection of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) Using Cue-Lure and Methyl Eugenol in Steiner Traps in Depok City and Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4202-4208. Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are one of the most economically important insect pests worldwide. Two types of attractants are recommended for monitoring and controlling fruit flies: methyl eugenol (ME) and cue-lure (C-L). The objective of this study was to investigate the species richness and abundance of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) using methyl eugenol (ME) and cue-lure (C-L) in Depok City and Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia. The study was conducted in three sites of fruit orchards in Bogor District i.e., Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense), lemon (Citrus limon), papaya (Carica papaya), and two sites of fruit orchards in Depok City i.e., carambola (Averrhoa carambola) and guavas (Psidium guajava). Male fruit flies were trapped using Steiner traps baited with methyl eugenol (ME) and cue-lure (C-L). There were 11 fruit fly species collected from this study i.e., Bactrocera albistrigata, B. carambolae, B. dorsalis, B. neocognata, B. umbrosa, B. verbascifoliae, Dacus conopsoides, D. longicornis, Zeugodacus calumniata, Z. caudatus, and Z. cucurbitae. In this study, B. albistrigata, D. conopsoides, D. longicornis, and Z. caudatus were only collected in Steiner traps baited with C-L and B. dorsalis, and B. umbrosa also only responded to ME. During sampling periods, 20,217 male adult fruit flies were collected. The highest relative abundance attracted to ME was B. carambolae and C-L was Z. cucurbitae.  In this study, B. albistrigata, B. calumniate, D. longicornis, Z. caudatus, and Z. cucurbitae were significantly more attracted to C-L than ME. Whereas, B. carambolae, B. dorsalis, B. umbrosa, and B. verbascifoliae were significantly more attracted to ME than C-L. There were no invasive species in Depok City and Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia. Our study can be used as a method for monitoring and controlling fruit flies, namely Steiner trap with C-L for Z. cucurbitae and Steiner trap with ME for B. carambolae, B. dorsalis, and B. umbrosa in Depok City and Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia.  
Short communication: Diversity and ethnobotany of Araceae in Namo Suro Baru Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia RIDAHATI RAMBEY; EDO RAYVALDO PURBA; ADRIAN HARTANTO; BAGUS PRIO PRAKOSO; PENIWIDIYANTI PENIWIDIYANTI; LASWI IRMAYANTI; MAHARDIKA PUTRA PURBA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 11 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231155

Abstract

Abstract. Rambey R, Purba ER, Hartanto A, Prakoso BP, Peniwidiyanti, Irmayanti L, Purba MP. 2022. Short communication: Diversity and ethnobotany of Araceae in Namo Suro Baru Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6006-6012. For Indonesian people, the variety of Araceae species has risen to prominence as an ornamental plant and a supplemental food source. However, there is still a lack of information about some species and their cultivation in some parts of North Sumatra. This research was conducted in the village of Namo Suro Baru, Biru-Biru District, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra to identify and study the ethnobotanical use of the species of Araceae. A total of 48 plots, each measuring 2 × 2 m were constructed, and 30 respondents from the community were interviewed about the local utilization of aroids. The results of vegetation analysis recorded a total of 17 species of Araceae plants in the village of Namo Suro Baru in Biru-Biru District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. Xanthosoma sagittifolium was the dominant species with the highest IVI, i.e. 40.44%, while Dieffenbachia seguine had the lowest IVI (0.86%). The parts of the plant that the locals had traditionally used were the tuber, petiole, and whole leaf. The four main purposes of using Araceae plants were classified as foods, feeds, herbal formulations or medicines, and ornamental plants. Two species of corpse flowers, Amorphophallus titanum and A. prainii, also periodically bloomed in the village, but because they are protected species, the locals did not use them for their needs.
Ethnobotanical knowledge of Etlingera elatior for medicinal and food uses among ethnic groups in Aceh Province, Indonesia SAUDAH SAUDAH; ZUMAIDAR ZUMAIDAR; DARUSMAN DARUSMAN; DEWI INDRIYANI ROSLIM; ERNILASARI ERNILASARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230862

Abstract

Abstract. Saudah, Zumaidar, Darusman, Fitmawati, Roslim DI, Ernilasari. 2022. Ethnobotanical knowledge of Etlingera elatior for medicinal and food uses among ethnic groups in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4361-4370. The tribes in Aceh Province have been using Etlingera elatior for various medicinal purposes and as a spice in their culinary. Nonetheless, detailed information on the uses of E. elatior among communities in Aceh is lacking. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the ethnobotanical knowledge among local tribes in Aceh regarding the uses of E. elatior for food and medicine. This research was conducted on eight ethnic groups in Aceh Province (i.e., Acehnese, Gayo, Alas, Aneuk Jamee, Kluet, Tamiang, Singkil, and Simeulue). The data collection was carried out by using semi-structured interviews and field observation. A total of 240 respondents (135 male and 105 female) were selected purposively to obtain local knowledge on the uses, processing techniques and modes of application of E. elatior for medicinal and food purposes. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data to determine the level of knowledge and plant parts used, both measured in fidelity level (FL). The results showed that men, elderly people and farmers had more knowledge about the uses of E. elatior as medicine and food ingredients. Traditional medicines made from this herb were used to cure coughs, sprains, postpartum and earaches. Makjun sejuk, pareng, lampok and tapal were the concoction used in traditional medicine. Stem and fruit were the most commonly used plant parts for medicinal herbs, while pounding was the most common processing technique followed by squeezing and grinding either singly or in a mixture used by drinking and rubbing. The uses of E. elatior in food were found in several local dishes with the most common use in a curry called Pliék U. Flower buds and fruit was the most commonly used part in food ingredients. Despite the unique and high uses of E. elatior among tribes in Aceh, the gap in knowledge, especially between the older and younger generations, might impact the loss of local wisdom regarding the plant.
Characteristics of Lactic Acid bacteria isolated from traditional fermented fish RISA NOFIANI; SARWIYATI SARWIYATI; PUJI ARDININGSIH; ADHITIYAWARMAN ADHITIYAWARMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 11 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231116

Abstract

Abstract. Novia R, Ardiningsih P, Adhityawarman, Sarwiyati. 2022. Characteristics of Lactic Acid bacteria isolated from traditional fermented fish. Biodiversitas 23: 5662-5669. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly involved in most food fermentation and contribute to the process’s quality and safety. The study investigates the characteristics of LAB isolated from buduk, pekasam, and pekasam ale-ale. Twelve colonies each sample were isolated and identified based on morphology and biochemical test. The pekasam ale-ale isolates were identified as Pediococcus sp. strain A1 and Pediococcus sp. strain A3; Enterococcus sp. strain A2 and Enterococcus sp. strain A4. The LAB in buduk were identified as Streptococcus sp. strain B1, Pediococcus sp. strain B2 and Pediococcus sp. strain B4, Enterococcus sp. strain B3. The pekasam isolates were identified as Pediococcus sp. strain P1, Streptococcus sp. strain P2 and Streptococcus sp. strain P4, Lactobacillus sp. strain P3. The LAB showed antimicrobial activities while Lactobacillus sp. strain P3 and Streptococcus sp. strain P4 could grow at pH 1. Two LAB including Enterococcus sp. strain A2 and Pediococcus sp. strain P1 showed amylase activity while Pediococcus sp. strain A3, Streptococcus sp. strain B1, Pediococcus sp. strain B2, Enterococcus sp. strain B3 showed protease activity. All LAB produced organic acids with varying concentrations at different incubation times. Furthermore, those isolated from various fish fermentations showed different genera and characteristics. Lactobacillus sp. strain P3 was the best to initiate food fermentation and a probiotic candidate based on their characteristics.
Expression of SIX1b and SIX1c effector genes and banana resistance genes during Foc TR4 infection on banana cultivars AZIZAH RIDHA ULILALBAB; SRI WIDINUGRAHENI; MASANTO MASANTO; SITI SUBANDIYAH; ARIF WIBOWO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 10 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231041

Abstract

Abstract. Ulilalbab AR, Widinugraheni S, Masanto, Subandiyah S, Wibowo A. 2022. Expression of SIX1b and SIX1c effector genes and banana resistance genes during Foc TR4 infection on banana cultivars. Biodiversitas 23: 5314-5322. The relative expression SIX1 genes isolates of Foc TR4 and banana resistance genes have not been intensively studied. This study aimed to determine the expression of SIX1 genes of Foc TR4 and banana resistance genes. Twelve Foc TR4 isolates were collected from several regions in Indonesia. DSI analysis was performed to categorize their virulence levels. The representative Foc TR4 isolates from different virulence levels were artificially inoculated on the Musa acuminata Colla Cavendish subgroup and cv. Barangan and incubated for 48, 72, and 96 HPI. The expressed genes were quantitatively analyzed using the qPCR technique using primers to amplify SIX1b, SIX1c, chitinase, and PR-protein 1 genes. The results categorized the virulence of Foc TR4 isolates into moderate, virulent, and high virulent. The isolates of KJG and Batu-4 were selected for gene expression study representing moderate and high virulent groups, respectively. The results of in planta assay found that the expression of SIX1b, SIX1c, chitinase, and PR-protein1 was upregulated on the inoculated plants during the incubation period. However, the expression of these genes was increasingly upregulated in both bananas at early-stage inoculation. We assumed that plant defense genes of bananas might actively encounter the common virulence mechanisms of Foc TR4 at the initial stage of inoculation.
Traditional knowledge of land management in Maybrat District, West Papua Province, Indonesia: implication for agriculture development MEKY SAGRIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230836

Abstract

Abstract. Sagrim M. 2022. Traditional knowledge of land management in Maybrat District, West Papua Province, Indonesia: implication for agriculture development. Biodiversitas 23: 4145-4152. Traditional concepts of land management have been part of the local people in Maybrat, West Papua, Indonesia for generations. On the other hand, the governments, either at central, provincial, or local levels, promote agricultural development to enhance the well-being of the community in Maybrat and Papua in general. Thus, it is interesting to look at whether traditional knowledge and practices of land management in Maybrat can be aligned with development policies enacted by the governments. This research aimed to investigate the traditional knowledge of land management in Maybrat District to support agricultural development using an application of the socio-cultural approach. A semi-structured interview was applied for data collection representing communities of 24 sub-districts in Maybrat District. In total, 200 informants were selected purposively to obtain perceptual knowledge of the land-use system. The results showed that the local people benefit from natural resources in terms of social prominence, ecological prominence, economic prominence, medicinal prominence, energy prominence, and construction prominence. Agriculture is the main land use in Maybrat where it supports the livelihood of local people, especially in terms of economic benefit. Furthermore, the local people in Maybrat have been conducting their local wisdom to preserve the natural resource by using the traditional concepts where the local people have realized the function of vegetated land. Hence, development programs in the agricultural sector promoted by the regional or national governments could accommodate the local knowledge in land management. Yet, assessing the biophysical factors is necessary to monitor the dynamic of land management to achieve sustainability in socio-cultural, economic, and ecological aspects.

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