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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 426   427   428   429   430 
Biomass, carbon stock and sequestration in various conditions of mangrove forests in Sungai Apit, Siak, Riau, Indonesia SITI FATONAH; RASOEL HAMIDY; ARAS MULYADI; EFRIYELDI EFRIYELDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241101

Abstract

Abstract. Fatonah S, Hamidy R, Mulyadi A, Efriyeldi. 2023. Biomass, carbon stock and sequestration in various conditions of mangrove forests in Sungai Apit, Siak, Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5837-5846. The value of aboveground carbon is influenced by differences in conditions of the mangrove. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate biomass, as well as carbon stock and sequestration in various mangrove forests within Sungai Apit Siak, including natural, rehabilitated, and degraded forests. The Line Transect Plot method was used for sampling. Aboveground biomass was determined using an allometric equation based on mangrove stem diameter. Stem diameter measurements were taken from mangrove vegetation in three forest conditions across three villages in Sungai Apit, Siak. The findings revealed that natural forests contained higher values of biomass, carbon stock, and sequestration at 256, 128, and 470 tons/ha, respectively, compared to rehabilitated and degraded forests. The variability in these parameters across different mangrove forests was influenced by stands characteristics, specifically basal area and mean tree diameter, which were associated with the age of mangrove vegetation and recovery duration. Notably, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Avicennia alba exhibited the highest carbon sequestration. These results highlighted that Sungai Apit mangrove forests store a relatively high carbon stock, emphasizing the importance of implementing proper conservation and management measures to ensure sustainability.
Morphological identification of the squirrel (Callosciurus notatus) tongue through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and histochemistry EMILIA IKA MEGAWATI; STANISLAUS IVAN DAVIN PRADIPTA; ULFAH DAMIA; ULAYATUL KUSTIATI; HEVI WIHADMADYATAMI; DWI LILIEK KUSINDARTA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240444

Abstract

Abstract. Megawati EI, Pradipta SID, Damia U, Kustiati U, Wihadmadyatami H, Kusindarta DL. 2023. Morphological identification of the squirrel (Callosciurus notatus) tongue through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and histochemistry. Biodiversitas 24: 2302-2314. Squirrel (Callosciurus notatus) plays an important role in the agricultural ecosystem.Their urine and feces kill coconut tree pests and help preserve coconut farming productivity. This research focuses on the morphological identification of the tongue and lingual papillae distribution of the Callosciurus notatus’stongue. The tongue morphology and lingual papillae distribution of Callosciurus notatus were investigated through two different methods: using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histology. This paper provides macroscopic and histological tongue morphology and lingual papillae distribution of Callosciurus notatus. Macroscopically, the tongue is divided into the apex, corpus, and radix. The dorsal surface of the apex the groove and lateral prominence were occur. SEM and light microscopy observation showed that the apex bears three types of papillae: leaf-like filiform, bifid filiform, and fungiform. The corpus includes wide leaf-like filiform papillae, saw-like filiform papillae, bifid filiform papillae, and fungiform papillae. On the radix, there are conical like filiform papillae, fungiform papillae, conical and vallatae papillae. The lateral part of radix showed Weber’s glands that react strongly positively by Alcian Blue (AB) pH 2.5 and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining; Weber’s glands consist of neutral and acidic mucin. Von Ebner’s glands were at the textus muscularis striatus syncytialis near the vallatae papillae, which react weakly positively to PAS stain and did not react to AB pH 2.5 stain; von Ebner’s glands consist of neutral mucin. Masson Trichromestain revealed collagen structure on lamina propria mucosae and textus muscularis striatus syncytialis of apex; moderately on lamina propria mucosae and lesser on textus muscularis striatus syncytialis of the corpus and radix.
Assessment of turf quality in Paspalum vaginatum Sw. accessions of Sumatra, Java, and Bali (Indonesia) with clay and amended sand growing media RAHAYU RAHAYU; DWI PRIYO ARIYANTO; AVIDA HANA USROTIN; FAISAL REZA HATAMI; YANG GEUN MO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240338

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu, Ariyanto DP, Usrotin AH, Hatami FR, Mo YG. 2023. Assessment of turf quality in Paspalum vaginatum Sw. accessions of Sumatra, Java, and Bali (Indonesia) with clay and amended sand growing media. Biodiversitas 24: 1650-1658. Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) is a selected turfgrass species in the FIFA football world cup Qatar 2022. The choice considers its turf quality, growth habit, quick recovery from damage, tolerance in warm conditions, and low water consumption. Since the breeding program of seashore paspalum worldwide still needs to be improved and is yet to start in Indonesia, we suppose that in the future, seashore paspalum will become a favorite turfgrass industry. Previous studies showed that Indonesia has many accessions to the germplasm of seashore paspalum. This study aimed to find superior mother lines of Indonesian germplasm accession by select of visual and functional quality using clay soil of vertisol and vertisol-amended sand as growing media for quality evaluation. This study was a wild-type collection followed by a plot experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design. In this experiment, the control was using a commercialized cultivar. Seashore paspalum accessions were collected from Java, Bali, and Sumatra Indonesian islands. Observation of variables were visual qualities, i.e., tiller density, color, leaf texture, uniformity, and functional quality, i.e., surface covering, recoverability, clippings dry weight, root length, root dry weight. The National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) rated those qualities by scoring. The quality index of turfgrass used a rating score formulated from a visual and functional quality score. The data were analyzed using DMRT and T-test. Results showed that growing paspalum in clay-amended sand media showed a better recovery rate than the accessions grown in vertisol media. Mowing the grass can reduce plant height and leaf texture, and increases the clipping dry weight. Sand amendment to vertisol soil can improve the seashore paspalum visual qualities, i.e., leaf texture, tiller density, color score, and functional quality, such as root length. Seashore paspalum accessions vary in quality, i.e., visual and functional. Native accessions have a better recovery rate, higher tiller density, and uniformity than the control but a higher clipping yield. Bogor accession had faster soil surface coverage, Siak accession had a high recovery rate. Rumbei accession was the highest clipping dry weight, fast land cover, and high root dry weight. The accessions of Siak and Rumbei have higher quality index than the control after mowing. Siak accession performed better in vertisol, whereas Rumbei accession performed better in vertisol-amended sand. The performance of Rumbai and Siak accessions showed that seashore paspalum from Sumatra has better characteristics than Java and Bali and is promising for further cultivar development.
Coffea liberica leaf and tree architecture model of confusing accession in Poncokusumo, Malang District, East Java, Indonesia ERONA WAFARETTA; YOGA DWI JATMIKO; WENNY BEKTI SUNARHARUM; LUCHMAN HAKIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240563

Abstract

Abstract. Wafaretta E, Jatmiko YD, Sunarharum WB, Hakim L. 2023. Coffea liberica leaf and tree architecture model of confusing accession in Poncokusumo, Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3073-3080. Some Coffea liberica W.Bull varieties appear in the same garden with the same planting pattern in the Poncokusumo. This could be due to differences in tree architecture from one accession to another. This research aims to identify the architectural and morphological characteristics of C. liberica stems and leaves and determine differences in coffee variety accession through morphological differences in C. liberica plants and leaf architecture. The research was conducted from July 2021 to August 2022 in the C. liberica plantation in Poncokusumo Sub-district, Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. The research sample consisted of four C. liberica trees from each accession and was carried out in four stages: observation, data/image recording, measurement, and data analysis. This research found: each accession has a different plant architecture model and a different branching model; three accessions appear to have different leaf morphological characters, namely margin type, apex angle, and base angle; dendrogram and PCoA results show that each accession has significant differences. Further research at the genetic level and the effect of abiotic or biotic elements on the growth and development of this coffee tree is necessary to enlighten the C. liberica variety's high potential for the growth of this coffee production in the local community.
Spontaneously growing plants on revegetation sites of former coal mine in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia MOCHAMAD ARIEF SOENDJOTO; MAULANA KHALID RIEFANI; DIDIK TRIWIBOWO; FAZLUL WAHYUDI; DODIK CHOIRUN; YUDHA PAHING PERDANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240333

Abstract

Abstract. Soendjoto MA, Riefani MK, Triwibowo D, Wahyudi F, Choirun D, Perdana YP. 2023. Spontaneously growing plants on revegetation sites of former coal mine in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1610-1620. Plants that grow and develop on the revegetation sites of post-coal mining are not only plant species that are intentionally planted, but also those that grow spontaneously. The aim of the research was to inventory plant species that grow spontaneously on revegetation sites of former coal mine sites in South Kalimantan Province and to analyze their presence mechanism and maintenance practices. Vegetation sampling was conducted on the plots established along the path with the size of each plot was 2 x 2 m2. All plants herbs (except grasses) and seedlings (shrubs, bushes, lianas and trees) within the plots were recorded and the vegetation composition was analyzed using Important Value Index as the parameter. Vegetation was monitored for 5 periods from 2018 to 2022 at the revegetation sites of two different planting years, i.e. 2016 and 2017. At Site-2016, 60 species belonging to 22 plant families were found and 71.67% of them grew spontaneously, while at Site-2017 there were 58 species belonging to 22 plant families and 70.69% of them were plants that grew spontaneously. Spontaneously growing species varied not only by location, but also by monitoring period. They are present at revegetation sites through seed dispersal mechanisms facilitated by natural activities (such as animals, wind, and water) as well as human activities. There are several management practices to facilitate vegetation succession, one of which is through spraying herbicides of weeds and invasive understorey species.
Bird diversity and mangrove forest as potential ecotourism destinations in Kapo-kapo Bay, Cubadak Island, West Sumatra, Indonesia WILSON NOVARINO; ERIZAL MUKHTAR; AYU SMARNIA PUTRI; PUTRI LISYA ANGGRAINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240658

Abstract

Abstract. Novarino W, Mukhtar E, Putri AS, Anggraini PL. 2023. Bird diversity and mangrove forest as potential ecotourism destinations in Kapo-kapo Bay, Cubadak Island, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3583-3591. Mangrove forests play an important role in the management of the coastal ecosystem of Indonesia. Research on bird diversity has been carried out to support ecotourism attractions in the mangrove area of  Kapo-kapo Bay, West Sumatra. The objective of this study is to determine the bird diversity and mangrove plant diversity in the mangrove kapo-kapo Bay area, West Sumatra, using the point count method and transect method. Mangrove plants have been found in three families, five genera, and six species. The vegetation composition on this research site is lower than that on Sumatra's east coast. The composition of mangrove trees and tree diversity was lower on the west coast of Sumatra than on the east coast. The composition and diversity of birds at the study sites were not significantly different between the mangrove forests on Sumatra's west and east coasts. Rhizophora apiculata Blume species dominate the mangrove forests in Kapo-kapo Bay, while Collocalia esculenta species dominate the birds. The analysis of the suitability of mangrove ecotourism in Kapo-kapo Bay obtained a score of 111 or 92.5%, placing it in the Very Suitable category (S1) to be developed as an ecotourism area. The presence of birds and bird habitat use in mangroves are all interesting ecotourism attractions.  
The effect of peat soil and sandy soil on the growth of Eleutherine palmifolia and arbuscular mycorrhizal diversity TITIN APUNG ATIKAH; ENY WAHYUNING PURWANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240818

Abstract

Abstract. Atikah TA, Purwanti EW. 2023. The effect of peat soil and sandy soil on the growth of Eleutherine palmifolia and arbuscular mycorrhizal diversity. Biodiversitas 24: 4373-4381. Arbuscular mycorrhizae as root symbionts is capable of inducing plant growth on marginal lands. It has the potential to be used as fertilizer or soil enhancer. Mycorrhizae are commonly found in peat soils endemic to the island of Borneo. Peat soil contains a lot of organic matter needed by mycorrhizae. The development of plant roots also influences the process of mycorrhizal colonization. Apart from functioning as fertilizer, mycorrhizae is associated with Dayak shallot (Eleutherine palmifolia Merr.; syn.: Sisyrinchium palmifolium L.) roots can also overcome fusarium wilt disease. This study aimed to explore the potential of peat soil to support the growth of E. palmifolia 's and to identify mycorrhizal colonization associated with the plant. Two soil types were used for planting E. palmifolia: peat and sand. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, morphospecies and each population of arbuscular mycorrhizae. The plant growth data were tabulated and analyzed with an analysis of variance, and the population of arbuscular mycorrhizae was analyzed for the level of similarity in the structure of species. The results showed that peat soil promoted the growth of E. palmifolia better than sandy soil. The similarity value of mycorrhizal species structure was 28.7%. It means that the structure of mycorrhizal species on peat were differed that on sand media. Mycorrhizae successfully explored from sandy soil were 10 morpho-species with a population of 1.441 spores, while mycorrhizae from peat soil contained 6 morphospecies with a population of 462 spores.
Ancylostomiasis in cats in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and its causative genetic relations JUNI CLAUDIA DAMI; LUH PUTU EKA DAMAYANTI; SOEDARMANTO INDARJULIANTO; DWI PRIYOWIDODO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240512

Abstract

Abstract. Dami JC, Damayanti LPE, Indarjulianto S, Priyowidodo D. 2023. Ancylostomiasis in cats in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and its causative genetic relations. Biodiversitas 24: 2605-2611. Ancylostomiasis is a zoonotic cat disease caused by one or more species of Ancylostoma spp. This study aims to determine ancylostomiasis in cats in Yogyakarta and its causative genetic relations. This research used ten cats with ancylostomiasis, based on the findings of Ancylostoma spp. eggs in their feces. Cats were examined clinically and laboratory, including blood profile and identification of Ancylostoma spp. eggs. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of Ancylostoma spp. was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced; the results were compared with the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). As a result, physical examination showed that cats with ancylostomiasis suffered from diarrhea (100%), decreased appetite (70%), weakness (60%), anemia (60%), emaciation, and dull hair (10%). Blood examination showed that 5 (50%) cats had normochromic normocytic anemia, and 1 (10%) cat had hypochromic microcytic anemia. PCR tests, sequencing, and phylogenetic tests found that Ancylostoma spp. isolates had been successfully identified as Ancylostoma braziliense De Faria 1910, identical to A. braziliense from Australian isolate (DQ359149.1). Therefore, it was concluded that ancylostomiasis in cats in Yogyakarta was caused by A. braziliense.
Comparison of genetic diversity of farmed Oreochromis niloticus and wild unidentified tilapia (Wesafu) using microsatellite markers ESTHER ADAKU UKENYE; IWALEWA MEGBOWON
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240550

Abstract

Abstract. Ukenye EA, Megbowon I. 2023. Comparison of genetic diversity of farmed Oreochromis niloticus and wild unidentified tilapia (Wesafu) using microsatellite markers. Biodiversitas 24: 2953-2957. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) and unidentified tilapia (Wesafu) are cichlid species of important nutritional and economic value with good aquaculture potential. Assessing and comparing the genetic diversity of these cichlid species will assist in information development for conservation and management strategies to improve their overall productivity and sustainable aquaculture production. Using twenty fish specimens each from farmed O. niloticus and ecotype, Wesafu from the wild respectively, we examined the genetic diversity between these two cichlid species. Eight microsatellite loci were utilized to molecularly characterize and compare these two cichlid species from the wild and farm based on their genetic variation levels. Genetic diversity was investigated from isolated, amplified and resolved DNA of the two cichlid species obtained from the wild and farm. The microsatellite markers analysis revealed that ecotype, Wesafu from the wild exhibited higher genetic diversity than farmed O. niloticus as evidenced by the effective number of alleles (1.756), Shannon information index (0.596), observed and expected heterozygosity values (0.682 and 0.400). All genetic diversity indices were observed to have declined in farmed populations due to inbreeding. However, farmed O. niloticus recorded more polymorphism (87%) than ecotype, Wesafu from the wild (75%). Low genetic differentiation was found between the farmed and wild cichlid species according to the fixation index (-0.628) while Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) demonstrated some level of variation between the two cichlid species. This finding provides more insights into the conservation of the genetic resource and better management of these species to minimize inbreeding in aquaculture. We advise that only wild broodstocks should be used for fish restocking in breeding program for sustainable aquaculture production.
Genetic variability of mutant rice (Oryza sativa) genotype induced by gamma rays ISHAK ISHAK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240624

Abstract

Abstract. Ishak I. 2023. Genetic variability of mutant rice (Oryza sativa) genotype induced by gamma rays. Biodiversitas 24: 3300-3306. Rice seeds of Sidenuk cultivars were irradiated by gamma rays creating a broad spectrum of genetic variability among individual plants at M3 generation progeny. Gamma Irradiated seeds created Mutation among the somatic cells population in mature embryos at M1 generations. Somatic cell mutation influenced the genetic structures of gametes cells formation on gametogenesis at M1 plants. Observation of M2 plants showed that black and brown colors of rice's pericarp were found with rice's lemma, and palea color was different compared to the wild type (Sidenuk cultivars). Seven plants with black rice pericarp colors out of 330 were obtained at M2 plants. Chlorophyll mutation was observed at M4 generation; the results showed that chimera, green, and albino leaf blade was obtained in several individual plants. There were also the variability of Palea and lemma colors among individual plant such as green, white, and purple. The cellular biology approach will explain these mutations before molecular biology identification is made.

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