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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Optimization of culture medium and bioformulation of rhizobial actinomycetes to enhance soybean plant growth UMI FATMAWATI; MEFTA RIZKI QURRATA’AINI; NOVIAN WILDAN ROSYIDI; DEWI PUSPITA SARI; SLAMET SANTOSA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240546

Abstract

Abstract. Fatmawati U, Qurrata’aini MR, Rosyidi NW, Sari DP, Santosa S. 2023. Optimization of culture medium and bioformulation of rhizobial actinomycetes to enhance soybean plant growth. Biodiversitas 24: 2912-2918. Actinomycetes are a group of Gram-positive bacteria that are well-known for having plant growth-promoting activity. In an earlier study, Streptomyces sp. strain ASR 58 and Streptomyces sp. strain ASR 67, isolated from soybean rhizosphere, were found to be capable of producing Indole-Acetic Acid (IAA), dissolving phosphate, and stimulating soybean growth. Optimization of culture media and selection of carrier materials for formulation are necessary to maintain actinomycetes' cell viability and plant growth property stability. This study aimed to evaluate several culture media, determine the optimal carrier materials in actinomycetes formulation, and evaluate the effect of actinomycete bioformulation on the soybean plant growth in planta. The sugar potato broth medium was the best in increasing the cell biomass of ASR 67 and co-culture of ASR 58 and ASR 67 compared to other mediums (skim molasses and rice bran broth). The viability of ASR 58 cell (5.3 x 107 CFU/mL), ASR 67 (3.8 x 107 CFU/mL), and its combination of both (4.3 x 107 CFU/mL) was best maintained in talc powder carrier during 10 weeks of storage as revealed by the number of viable cells decreases. Applying ASR 58 and ASR 67 co-culture on talc powder formula enhanced soybean plant biomass four weeks after planting, including plant height, the number of leaves, and root dry weight.
Inhibition of Multi Drug-Resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae by bacteriocin bifidobacteria and the viability of selected bifidobacteria encapsulated with tapioca OEDJIJONO OEDJIJONO; DYAH FITRI KUSHARYATI; DINI RYANDINI; HENDRO PRAMONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240762

Abstract

Abstract. Oedjijono, Kusharyati DF, Ryandini D, Pramono H. 2023. Inhibition of Multi Drug-Resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae by bacteriocin bifidobacteria and the viability of selected bifidobacteria encapsulated with tapioca. Biodiversitas 24: 4175-4182. This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of eight Bifidobacterium spp. against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, namely Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, the viability of selected encapsulated bifidobacteria was assessed at different storage durations. The non-neutralized or neutralized supernatant pH of eight bifidobacterial isolates (BCC6, BC4, BBP6, BC7, BBP1, BC13, BCC5, BCC8) inhibited the growth of MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The non-neutralized supernatant Bifidobacterium sp. BBP6 resulted in the highest inhibition against E. coli or K. pneumoniae with a clear zone of 8 mm. In contrast, the neutralized supernatant of Bifidobacterium sp. BBP1 showed the highest inhibition only against E. coli, with a clear zone of 8 mm. The bacteriocin of BCC5 and BBP6 isolates showed the highest inhibition against MDR E. coli, with inhibition zones of 12.5 mm and 12 mm, respectively. Similarly, the bacteriocin of BBP6 isolate gave the highest inhibition against K. pneumoniae, with a zone of 7 mm. The cell numbers of the tapioca-encapsulated isolate BBP6 were quite stable in comparison to BBP1, which were 8.4 log cfu.g-1 and 8.1 log cfu.g-1 at initial storage and 6.32 log cfu.g-1 and 7.41 log cfu.g-1 after eight weeks. The viability percentage of encapsulated Bifidobacterium sp. BBP6 (86.91%) surpassed that of BBP1 isolate (78.41%) during the eight-week storage period at 4oC. The storage time of the BBP6 at 4oC was 6.05 weeks or 42.35 days.
Assessing the suitability of tree species for urban green space in a tropical university campus in Surakarta, Indonesia INGGRID TRIFENA YULIA; DINDA PUTRI PERMATASARI; IGUSTITA IGUSTITA; GAVRIEL ENOS BERLIN; RAISA NOOR SAFIRA; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; IRFAN ABU NAZAR; WIDHI HIMAWAN; SUNARTO SUNARTO; PRAKASH PRADHAN; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240345

Abstract

Abstract. Yulia IT, Permatasari DP, Igustita, Berlin GE, Safira RN, Sugiyarto, Nazar IA, Himawan W, Sunarto, Pradhan P, Setyawan AD. 2023. Assessing the suitability of tree species for urban green space in a tropical university campus in Surakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1713-1723. The presence of tree vegetation plays an important role in urban ecosystem. It provides various ecological and sociocultural functions from comforting micro-climates to beautification of the landscape. The central campus of Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) in Kentingan, Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia, has various tree species that grow well and become a constituent part of the campus area. This central campus environment has been considered one of the urban forests for city of Surakarta. This study aimed to determine the tree diversity occurring in the campus area of Universitas Sebelas Maret and to assess the suitability of the tree species based on silviculture, management and aesthetic aspects. Data collection was conducted by field observations at four stations: east, west, north, and south. Across the stations, the name of the tree species with minimum diameter breast height of 10 cm, the size of the tree’s circumference, the coordinates of the location of the tree, and tree’s morphological characteristics were documented. Each tree was then assessed for suitability for urban green space by scoring based on several silviculture, management and aesthetic criteria indicators. The results found 106 tree species in the studied area. Among them, 69 species (65%) had high suitability level, while 34 other species (32%) and 3 species (3%) were in the medium and low category, respectively. Some species with the highest score of 45 were kayu putih (Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L), mimba (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) and nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.), while the lowest score of 28 was kamboja (Plumeria acuminata W.T.Aiton). Species with high score are therefore recommended to be used in urban green space in the university area, and vice versa. The findings of this study suggest that vegetation suitability planning can be carried out to ensure the sustainability and balance of ecological functions of urban green space.
Utilizations and policy formulations of home garden (pekarangan) as agritourism area in East Java, Indonesia ATANG TRISNANTO; RINEKSO SOEKMADI; HADI SUSILO ARIFIN; BAMBANG PRAMUDYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240314

Abstract

Abstract. Trisnanto A, Soekmadi R, Arifin HS, Pramudya B. 2023. Utilizations and policy formulations of home garden (pekarangan) as agritourism area in East Java. Biodiversitas 24: 1450-1459. This study aims to determine the factors that play a role in successfully using a home garden (pekarangan) as an agritourism area. This is important as material for formulating designs for home gardens for sustainable agritourism areas. This research was conducted in Banyuwangi District, East Java Province. The data and information to develop a home garden utilization system were collected through field observations and interviews with relevant parties. This study uses Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis to identify the determinants and develop design formulations for utilizing pekarangan for agritourism areas. The key elements of a system are generated from the interpretation of ISM analysis data, which shows the levels of system structure. ISM analysis was determined through an approach with five criteria to examine the binding strength within and between groups/levels, the relative frequency of oscillations/shocks, context, coverage (containment), and functional relationship, respectively. The results showed that management institutions need to develop financing schemes with financing institutions, both banks and non-banks, based on financial technology (fintech). As practical implications, affordable financing for farmers/providers of tourism products, with their aggregator avalists, is needed to improve the financial capacity of community-based tourism. The manager of the pekarangan agritourism area is an aggregator of regional business processes by building inter-village networks and connectivity to major tourist destinations. Thus, home garden-based agritourism is expected to create new tourism area units networked with the main tourist destinations to form network tourism destinations.
Construction of the CRISPR/Cas9 module and genetic transformation of aromatic rice cv. Mentik Wangi for developing bacterial leaf blight resistance NURUL FARIDAH RIFHANI; ANIVERSARI APRIANA; ATMITRI SISHARMINI; TRI JOKO SANTOSO; KURNIAWAN RUDI TRIJATMIKO; INEZ H. SLAMET-LOEDIN; AHMAD YUNUS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240620

Abstract

Abstract. Rifhani NF, Apriana A, Sisharmini A, Santoso TJ, Trijatmiko KR, Slamet-Loedin IH, Yunus A. 2023. Construction of the CRISPR/Cas9 module and genetic transformation of aromatic rice cv. Mentik Wangi for developing bacterial leaf blight resistance. Biodiversitas 24: 3258-3268.Rice cv. Mentik Wangi is a local aromatic rice that is susceptible to pests and diseases, such as bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae(Xoo). This bacteria can cause damage to plants thereby reducing crop yields. This study aimed to obtain the CRISPR/Cas9 module construct as well as introducing the construct into rice cv. Mentik Wangi for developing BLB resistance. The manufacture of the CRISPR/Cas9 module was carried out using the Golden Gate method, and the introduction of that construct into rice cv. Mentik Wangi was carried out using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Constructing a CRISPR/Cas9 module with multiple gRNA of OsSWEET11 and OsSWEET14 genes has succeeded, 129 putative transformant lines of T0 generation produced with the regeneration and transformation efficiency values ??are respectively 9.4% and 9.8%. The results showed that 36 lines were positive for the hpt gene, indicating that the CRISPR/Cas9-gRNAOsSWEET module construct was successfully entered into rice cv. Mentik Wangi. Further analysis is needed to identify mutagenesis in the target gene region of TI generation transgenic plants as well as phenotypic tests for BLB resistance.
Abundance and phenotypic-genotypic analysis of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from wastewater of the Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia NOVEKHANA ANELIA; SUHARTONO SUHARTONO; ZINATUL HAYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240502

Abstract

Abstract. Anelia N, Suhartono S, Hayati Z. 2023. Abundance and phenotypic-genotypic analysis of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from wastewater of the Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2294-2301. Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics can initiate the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is believed to be a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Escherichia coli. This study aimed to perform the enumeration, isolation, characterization, and evaluation of resistance properties and antibiotic resistance-coding genes encoded by a plasmid of E. coli isolates from WWTP of the dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital (RSUDZA). The study was conducted through several stages, including the isolation and quantification of E. coli, antibiotic resistance testing, confirmation testing of ESBL-E. coli isolates, isolation of plasmid DNA, and amplification of TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes. The results showed that the wastewater in the sum pit tank, aeration tank, and final tank of the WWTP contained E. coli at 7.5x104 CFU/mL, 3x102 CFU/mL, and 1x102 CFU/mL, respectively. A total of 22 isolates were obtained, with ten isolates from the sum pit tank, seven from the aeration tank, and five from the final tank. Escherichia coli isolates had resistance to eight types of antibiotics in the aeration tank and seven types in the final tank, compared to the sum pit tank of the WWTP. Therefore, 59% of the isolates were classified as Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) and 32% as Extended Spectrum ?-Lactamase E. coli (ESBL-EC). TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes were detected in all locations at 63.6%, 22.7%, and 95.5%, respectively. In addition, CTX-M was the most common gene found in wastewater isolates at RSUDZA WWTP. The hospital wastewater treatment process must be improved to reduce the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
Evaluation of agro-morphological and molecular characters of 22 rice landraces of East Timor LUIS MANUEL BRANCO; ENDAH RETNO PALUPI; SATRIYAS ILYAS; BAMBANG SAPTA PURWOKO; AGUS PURWITO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240505

Abstract

Abstract. Branco LM, Palupi ER, Ilyas S, Purwoko BS, Purwito A. 2023. Evaluation of agro-morphological and molecular characters of 22 rice landraces of East Timor. Biodiversitas 24: 2536-2546. Landraces play an important role in the local food security and sustainable development of agriculture as a source of genes that control important traits adaptive to environmental conditions. The study aimed to characterize the agro-morphological and molecular characteristics of 22 rice landraces of East Timor (Timor Leste). The research was conducted in April-August 2018 in Caibada-Baucau-East Timor. Soil analysis was conducted at the Soil Laboratory of the Agronomy and Horticulture Department, IPB University. Materials used were 22 rice landraces seeds and one check variety. The seeds were germinated in seedbed seedlings with a basin (30 cm x 25 cm). The seedlings were planted in the field 16 days after sowing in a plot of 1.5 m x 7.0 m and a spacing of 25 cm x 25 cm, with an isolation distance between plots of ±3 m. Data collection was based on nine growth phases of rice. The cluster analysis based on agro-morphological characters resulted in 6 groups with a similarity coefficient of 0.17 or 17%, showing a high level of diversity. The lowest yield was Ale Kukefuhu (290 g/m2), and the highest was Hare Nona Portu (979 g/m2). Using 10 RAPD markers, the 22 rice landraces samples produced 77 DNA fragment bands with sizes between 300 bp-1475 bp, averaging 3.35 alleles per landrace; polymorphic rates of 8.1. OPA8, OPH1, and OPH7 markers were the highest (100.00%), and OPF5 was the lowest (66.67%) polymorphic percentage. Based on the molecular marker, the coefficient of similarity of the landraces ranged from 0.12 to 0.51, and they were grouped into five clusters.
Potential of sodium dichromate and sodium silicate to control in vitro growth of Bacillus cereus, a metal corrosion-causing bacterium YENNI CIAWI; FAINMARINAT SELVIANI INABUY; NI MADE TERIYANI; YAN RAMONA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240324

Abstract

Abstract. Ciawi Y, Inabuy FS, Teriyani NM, Ramona Y. 2023. Potential of sodium dichromate and sodium silicate to control in vitro growth of Bacillus cereus, a metal corrosion-causing bacterium. Biodiversitas 24: 1530-1537. The maintenance cost of metal-based objects in industrial and construction sectors has been found to significantly increase due to corrosion. Most corrosion is caused by metal oxidation, and about 2% of this corrosion is induced by microbial activity (MIC). The main objectives of this research were to isolate, and identify corrosion-causing bacteria, and to find out the optimum concentration of sodium dichromate and sodium silicate to control their growth in vitro. These compounds have been used to protect the metal surface from corrosion caused by non-microbial-induced corrosion. Three different bacterial isolates were obtained in this study and the black colony (the predominant isolate) was further investigated in the determination of their optimum inhibitory concentrations. Application of sodium dichromate and sodium silicate at the rates of 0.1% w/v and 2% w/v, respectively were found to be optimum to inhibit the in vitro growth of this black bacterial isolate in our study. The predominant isolate found in our study was identified as Bacillus cereus, following the alignment of its 16s rDNA sequence with those deposited at the GenBank (NCBI). Additionally, Enterobacter asburiae was also found on the surface of corroded water tanks.
Ecological characteristics of pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) larval nests in pine and cedar forests of Algeria KHALED BOUZAR-ESSAIDI; NOUREDDINE RAHIM; BADREDDINE MEFTAHI; LEILA BENFEKIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240421

Abstract

Abstract. Bouzar-Essaidi K, Rahim N, Meftahi B, Benfekih L. 2023. Ecological characteristics of pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) larval nests in pine and cedar forests of Algeria. Biodiversitas 24: 2107-2113. The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) is one of the most serious pests of pine and cedar forests in Southern Europe and North Africa. In northern Algeria, outbreaks occur in the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) forest, particularly in the semi-arid area and in the Atlas cedar forest (Cedrus atlantica) in the sub-humid elevation area. Under temperate and mountainous climates, the gregarious larvae of this winter-developing insect progressively build a large white, silky nest as a protective shelter during the winter period. We investigated the presence of nests and the environmental parameters (altitude, exposition) and their role in affecting the T. pityocampa density. Studies on nests of the pine processionary caterpillar were carried out in 2022 in two forest sites, namely Ghilas and El-Mroudj (NW Algeria). The mean (±SD) density of winter nests was higher in the cedar forest of El-Mroudj (1.22±0.26) than the Aleppo pine forest of Ghilas (1.62±0.60). The nest density differed with topographic orientation (F: 96.66, p<0.001). The nests of T. pityocampa caterpillars were directed mostly in the south side (the sunny part) of host trees, accounting for 48.5% and 43.5% of the total number of nests in El-Mroudj and Ghilas, respectively. At both sites, larval nest height was positively correlated with tree height (n = 126, P<0.001).
Age, growth, mortality, and population characteristics of the red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in the Timor Sea waters, Indonesia SUSY HERWATY; ACHMAR MALLAWA; NAJAMUDDIN NAJAMUDDIN; MUKTI ZAINUDDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240434

Abstract

Abstract. Herwaty S, Mallawa A, Najamuddin, Zainuddin M. 2023. Age, growth, mortality, and population characteristics of the red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in the Timor Sea waters, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2217-2224. Red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus Bloch & Schneider 1801) is a fishery resource with export commodities, high market demand is suspected of causing overfishing and a decrease in stocks, thus threatening its sustainability. This study aims to analyze the red snapper's age, growth, mortality, and population characteristics. Fish samples were collected at the Oeba Fish Landing Base Kupang from April to June 2020. The data analysis were as follows: the descriptively analyzed size structure, age group using the Bhattacharya method, growth parameter values (L? and K) based on the von Bertalanffy equation, and natural mortality using the Pauly and Y/R using the Beverton and Holt methods. The results of the red snapper observation are as follows: the smallest size at 12.8 cm (FL), the largest size at 72.8 cm (FL), the average length at 42.03 cm (FL) ± 16.03, the growth parameter value (L?)=99.40 cm (FL), (K)=0.51 year-1, t0=-0.23018 year-1, the population consisted of two and three age groups, the total mortality value (Z) 1.98 year-1, natural mortality (M) 0.84 year-1, fishing mortality (F) 1.14 year-1, and exploitation rate (E) 0.58 year-1. The actual Y/R value was 0.049, and the relative Y/R was 0.060 grams recruit-year-1. The fishing mortality is higher than the natural mortality value; a high exploitation value (E>0.5) indicates that over-exploitation and stock conditions are unhealthy. The results of this study can be used as a reference in managing red snapper resources in the future.

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