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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Growth, biomass, and carotenoids content analysis of Navicula sp. and Chlorella sp. in batch cultures with different salinities HASLIANTI HASLIANTI; SAHIDIN SAHIDIN; ASNANI ASNANI; ADRYAN FRISTIOHADY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240811

Abstract

Abstract. Haslianti, Sahidin, Asnani, Fristiohady A. 2023. Growth, biomass, and carotenoids content analysis of Navicula sp. and Chlorella sp. in batch cultures with different salinities. Biodiversitas 24: 4299-4306. The physiological activity of microalgae is strongly influenced by culture conditions. Therefore, the rebound in this microscopic plant blooming phenomenon varies according to the aquatic environmental parameters, especially the salinity of its medium. This study aimed to analyze the cell density, biomass, and carotenoid content of two types of microalgal cultures isolated from the sea of Southeast Sulawesi. This research was conducted from October 2021 to October 2022. The independent variable in this study was salinity (30, 33, and 36‰), and the dependent variables were the parameters of cell density, biomass, and carotenoids content. This study consisted of 135 unit experiments using a completely randomized design (CRD). The same trend in cell density is observed in the two types of microalgae, where exponential growth occurred from day 2 to day 6 and decreased in growth rate on day 7. The biomass content of the two types observed was relatively the same, ranging from 0.0176-0.0181 g, while the carotenoids content ranged from 12.8294-25.5958 g/mL. The highest carotenoids level was found in the type of Chlorella sp. (25.5958 g/mL) while the lowest was in the type of Navicula sp. (12.8294 g/mL). The data indicate that the salinity parameter (>30?36‰) greatly influences and thus spikes growth in cells due to their biomass and high carotenoid content. The environment parameter also contributes significantly to other physiological parameters (one-way ANOVA, p<0.05).
Genetic variation within the coat color gene of Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) in Mong Cai pigs of Vietnam CAO THI THU THUY; CHU DUC HA; TRAN DUC LONG; TONG VAN HAI; TRAN THI CHI; TA THI HONG QUYEN; VU HAI YEN; NGO THI MINH KHANH; NGUYEN QUOC TRUNG; NGO THANH TRUNG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240347

Abstract

Abstract. Thuy CTT, Ha CD, Long TD, Hai TV, Long ST, Chi TT, Quyen TTH, Yen VH, Khanh NTM, Trung NQ, Trung NT. 2023. Genetic variation within the coat color gene of Melanocortin 1Receptor (MC1R) in Mong Cai pigs of Vietnam. Biodiversitas 24: 1735-1741. Pig (Sus scrofa) is considered one of the major domesticated animals in Vietnam. Various indigenous pig varieties have been successfully developed as the Vietnamese's main daily meat source. However, little information has been reported about the conservation of these indigenous pig varieties. In this study,the Mong Cai, a prized domestic pig breed in Vietnam, is well-characterized by a black saddle on the hips extending to the lower abdomen. As a result of the introduction of exotic breeds and crossbreeding, Mong Cai pigs exhibited various phenotypic characteristics and coat colors. We constructed a database of Melanocortin 1Receptor(MC1R) coding sequences, including the MC1Rsequences of 26 Mong Cai and 20 other pig breeds from Europe and Asia. Subsequently, 12 haplotypes were determined using 18 mutations in 46 individuals. The phylogenetic tree result indicated that the Mong Cai population was distributed into two distinct haplotypes. Moreover, Mong Cai pigs could belong to the Asian clade; however, six Mong Cai individuals formed a distinct cluster. These six individuals carried the nt729G gene, which is prevalent in European pigs. In addition, our study could provide a solid foundation for further investigation of the evolution of indigenous pig varieties in Vietnam.
Ethnobotany of wild and semi-wild edible plants of the Madurese Tribe in Sampang and Pamekasan Districts, Indonesia THOBIB HASAN AL YAMINI; NINA RATNA DJUITA; TATIK CHIKMAWATI; YOHANES PURWANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240234

Abstract

Abstract. Al Yamini TH, Djuita NR, Chikmawati T, Purwanto Y. 2023. Ethnobotany of wild and semi-wild edible plants of the Madurese Tribe in Sampang and Pamekasan Districts, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 947-957. This study aimed to inventory, identify, and characterize the diversity of wild and semi-wild edible plants (WSEPs) utilization; analyze and determine the highest importance of WSEPs based on socio-cultural, economic, and ecology; and analyze the sustainable management of WSEPs. This study was carried out in Sampang and Pamekasan Districts. The qualitative data collection was obtained by open, semi-structured, and structured interviews, while quantitative data were assessed using the pebble distribution method (PDM). Data were analyzed using the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS), Use Values ??(UVs), Local User's Value Index (LUVI), economic valuation, and important value index (IVI). The Madurese utilized 122 plant species belonging to 47 families of WSEP. The Madurese in Pamekasan District used more plant species (90 species of 30 families) than Sampang District (84 species of 20 families). These plant species were used as sources of carbohydrates, fruits, vegetables, seeds, spices, and beverages. The dominant plant families used are Anacardiaceae, Fabaceae, and Myrtaceae. Accem (Tamarindus indica) is the species with the highest ICS, UV, and LUVI values in both districts. Accem and tarebung (Borassus flabellifer) had the highest economic value. These plant species are also suggested to be maintained their species availability in their habitat.
Assessing soil conservation techniques on sloping lands in the humid tropics area of Indonesia in the context of maize cultivation RISMA NESWATI; SOFYAN ABDULLAH; YUNUS MUSA; NASARUDDIN NASARUDDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240342

Abstract

Abstract. Neswati R, Abdullah S, Musa Y, Nasaruddin. 2023. Assessing soil conservation techniques on sloping lands in the humid tropics area of Indonesia in the context of maize cultivation. Biodiversitas 24: 1686-1692. Sloping land is prone to severe erosion, particularly in areas with high precipitation, such as in humid tropics. In addition to slope and rain factors, crop management also influences soil erosion. This research aims to identify the most appropriate techniques to mitigate soil erosion by comparing three different techniques of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation planted on sloping land in Indonesia's humid tropics. A field experiment was conducted in Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, in three maize growing seasons at a location with a slope of 15-30%. We used a split-plot design in a randomized block design, with the main factor being conservation techniques, namely no treatment (control) (K0), contour terrace (K1), strip cropping using Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. (K2) and alley cropping using Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth (K3), and the side factor was Z. mays of two varieties: Mixed variety Arjuna BC (H1) and hybrid variety NK-33 (H2). The effects of each treatment were measured in term of soil erosion, and maize growth and productivity. The results showed that the strip cropping resulted in a lower erosion level compared to the contour terrace and alley cropping. However, erosion still exceeded the tolerable soil loss in all conservation techniques. The effects on the growth and production of maize of the two varieties in growing seasons 1, 2, and 3 were not statistically different (p<0.05). Maize production can reach >6 tons ha-1 in the two varieties planted and the value of the revenue to cost (R/C) ratio of all treatments ranged between 1.77 and 2.54. The results imply that the application of appropriate soil conservation methods has the potential to reduce erosion in the sloping land-humid tropics of Indonesia without compromising growth and productivity. However, it will take a longer period to reduce soil erosion significantly in a maize-based cultivation system on sloping land.
Effect of soil types on root infection of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus pellita by Ganoderma philippii and Pyrrhoderma noxium HERU INDRAYADI; MORAG GLEN; FAHRIZAWATI FAHRIZAWATI; BAYO ALHUSAERI SIREGAR; ANTO RIMBAWANTO; MARDAI MARDAI; BUDI TJAHJONO; CAROLINE MOHAMMED
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240450

Abstract

Abstract. Indrayadi H, Glen M, Fahrizawati, Siregar BA, Rimbawanto A, Mardai, Tjahjono B, Mohammed C. 2023. Effect of soil types on root infection of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus pellita by Ganoderma philippii and Pyrrhoderma noxium. Biodiversitas 24: 2358-2364. Acacia mangium Willd. and Eucalyptus pellita F.Muell. are susceptible to red root-rot disease, caused by Ganoderma philippii (Bres. & Henn. ex Sacc.) Bres., has led to the demise of planted A. mangium as a commercial pulpwood in Indonesia. A second root-rot pathogen, Pyrrhoderma noxium (Corner) L.W.Zhou & Y.C.Dai (syn. Phellinus noxius (Corner) G.Cunn.), also attacks both species. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different soil types on the root infection of A. mangium and E. pellita by G. philippii and P. noxium. The effect of three contrasting soil types (mineral R41, R51 and peat soil) used in a plantation estate in Riau province on disease development was investigated in a pot trial using four isolates, two of G. philippii and two of P. noxium. Two models of inoculation were used, in one of which inoculated wood blocks were placed against the seedling roots (Model 1), the second where the blocks were 10-20 cm from the roots (Model 2). Fifty weeks after the experiment was established, mortality was significantly higher in the soil of low than high clay content, in A. mangium than E. pellita, and in Model 1 than Model 2; there was no difference between the two G. philippii isolates, and P. noxium did not cause any mortality. G. philippii inoculum could survive in all three soil types for over 9 months; hence, the effect of soil type was not mediated by inoculum longevity. Alternatives should be pursued to limit further development of root-rot diseases in existing E. pellita estates.
Palynology of Philippine Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne. (Araceae) and its taxonomic implications NORILYN F. FONTARUM-BULAWIN; MARIA MELANIE P. MEDECILO-GUIANG; MICHAEL A. CALARAMO; GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. ALEJANDRO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240748

Abstract

Abstract. Fontarum-Bulawin NF, Medecilo-Guiang MMP, Calaramo MA, Alejandro GJD. 2023. Palynology of Philippine Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne. (Araceae) and its taxonomic implications. Biodiversitas 24: 4095-4109. Amorphophallus is one of the genera of Araceae with diverse pollen characters. This study aimed to investigate the pollen morphological characters of Amorphophallus in the Philippines for inferring taxonomical relationships. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate pollen morphology of 14 accessions of Amorphophallus. Both acetolyzed and unacetolyzed pollens were studied to compare the outward aspect of pollens and the pollen characters were subjected to cluster analysis. Results revealed that pollen grains were mostly spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, and subspheroidal in shape. The pollen sizes vary from 3.0 to 50 µm and exhibit very small to medium sizes. The ornamentations of unacetolyzed pollens were psilate and striate, whereas ornamentations in acetolyzed pollens are varied from psilate, rugulate, rugulate hamulate, reticulate, scabrate, striateto verrucate ornamentations. All pollens were inaperturate and monad. Cluster analysis using Euclidean generated 2 major clusters, namely Cluster I consists of Amorphophallus adamsensis Magtoto, Mones, Ballada, Austria, R.M.Dizon, Alangui, Regina, Amorphophallus sp.3 (Samar), Amorphophallus yaoi A.Galloway, Hett. & Medecilo, Amorphophallus flammeus Calaramo, Batuyong, Bulawin & Alejandro, Amorphophallus urceolatus Hett. et al. (Ilocos), Amorphophallus rayongii Hett. & Medecilo, Amorphophallus sp.2 (Romblon), and Amorphophallus urceolatus Hett., A.Galloway & Medecilo (Cavite); and cluster 2 consists of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson, Amorphophallus fontarumii Bulawin, Medecilo & Alejandro, Amorphophallus rostratus Hett., Amorphophallus longispathaceus Engl.& Gehrm., and Amorphophallus sp.1 Based on this study, pollen shape, size, and ornamentation can be used as supplemental characters for the taxonomic identification of Amorphophallus in the Philippines.
Evaluating the virulence factors of Salmonella typhi isolated from children suffering from severe diarrhea using molecular genetic techniques AMANY SHAKEIR JABER
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240653

Abstract

Abstract. Jaber AS. 2023. Evaluating the virulence factors of Salmonella typhi isolated from children suffering from severe diarrhea using molecular genetic techniques. Biodiversitas 24: 3543-3549. Salmonella enterica subsp. serotype Typhi is the bacteria that causes typhoid fever. Although its prevalence has significantly decreased in affluent nations, it continues to be a leading cause of illness and mortality in emerging nations. Because of changes in ecology, eating habits, and agricultural and food production techniques, Salmonella infections have increased in frequency in industrialized countries. This study aimed to use qualitative RT-PCR (based on the ttr gene) and conventional PCR to measure the frequency of Salmonella typhi in Iraqi children with chronic diarrhea (based on PagN and TolC genes). This study included 100 stool samples collected from children suffering from continuous diarrhea. Those samples were inoculated on CHROM-agar and incubated 37°C for 18-24 hours, then Salmonella was identified using a Vitek 2 compact system. DNA has been extracted, and qRT-PCR has been done to detect Salmonella sp. by the amplification of the ttr gene. Then PCR also done to amplify TolC and PagN genes. The amplified products then sequenced to reveal mutations within the amplified regions. The results of PagN gene showed 41 samples were positive, and 40 samples were positive for TolC. Results of qRT-PCR according to the ttr gene amplification showed 38 samples positive. The blood group O+ showed a higher number of positive samples (13), and males showed higher positive samples than females (23 and 15, respectively). Sequencing revealed various number of mutations within the amplified regions of both PagN and TolC in the samples which isolated from children with the longest period of illness.
Genetic diversity and its association with Phytophthora palmivora resistance in Durian (Durio zibethinus) using RAPD markers SUDIRMAN NUMBA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240835

Abstract

Abstract. Numba S. 2023. Genetic diversity and its association with Phytophthora palmivora resistance in Durian (Durio zibethinus) using RAPD markers. Biodiversitas 24: 4542-4548. Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) is a popular tropical fruit that contributes significantly to regional economic value. Root and stem rot disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora has become a serious threat to the growth and development of durian. Indonesia has various local durian varieties that have the potential of resistant to P. palmivora. This study aims to analyze genetic diversity and its association with the resistance of durian to root and stem rot disease caused by P. palmivora using RAPD markers. Ten varieties of durian were compared with those of 2 wild species, namely D. kutejensis (Hassk.) Becc. and Boschia excelsa Korth.. The DNA profile analysis was performed by using 10 RAPD primers. Furthermore, cluster analysis was done using the NTSYS (Numerical Taxonomic and Multivariate Analysis System) ver. 2.0. Observation of the DNA profile (DNA banding pattern) showed that all the primers succeeded in producing amplified DNA fragments. Of the total 78 bands produced, 10 bands were considered monomorphic, while 68 bands (87.20%) were considered polymorphic. The high level of polymorphism causes a low level of similarity between varieties so that not all resistant varieties are grouped in the same cluster. This study found that the 1kb band produced by the OPA-2 primer was a potential gen associated with resistance to P. palmivora. It is suggested to carry out further tests on crosses of resistant and susceptible varieties.
Participation of community in mangrove conservation in coastal area of the Valentine Strait, West Seram, Maluku, Indonesia MARLON I. AIPASSA; MARTHA E. SIAHAYA; HENDRIK S.E.S. APONNO; YOSEP RUSLIM; ROCHADI KRISTININGRUM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240462

Abstract

Abstract. Aipassa MI, Siahaya ME, Aponno HSES, Ruslim Y, Kristiningrum R. 2023. Participation of community in mangrove conservation in coastal area of the Valentine Strait, West Seram, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2467-2474. A mangrove forest is composed of mangrove plants and constitutes a crucial ecosystem in coastal areas. It is a vital source for maintaining aquatic ecosystems between the sea, coast, and land. Additionally, it provides benefits to humans, such as contributing to a more comfortable climate and weather conditions that can prevent natural disasters. However, the mangrove in the Valentine Strait area (West Seram, Maluku, Indonesia) is threatened by land conversion, leading to damage and loss. Some people are trying to preserve and maintain mangrove in their area. Therefore, the aim of this research was to describe the actions of the local community in the area, using the concept of cultural capital. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used, and both primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data were gathered directly from the research location, while secondary data were obtained through local community information, various websites, and documents related to the management of natural resources. Additionally, key informants, including local community leaders, Kewang, and LPPM Maluku (NGO), were interviewed to collect relevant data on the cultural capital possessed by the community. The data for identifying mangrove species were calculated and tabulated to determine the species density in the Valentine Strait area. Furthermore, the collected community data were analyzed using cultural capital theory. The results indicate that community has started to reapply the concept of cultural capital of the Sasi tradition as ecological knowledge to maintain and preserve mangrove; hence, ensuring conservation in the Valentine Strait area. Mangrove forests have become home to fish, shrimp, and crabs and are also important for birds, primates, and reptiles.
The occupancy of Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) using local people’s knowledge in the Deccan Plateau, Karnataka, India P. RAMESH KUMAR; D. DEEPAK; HONNAVALLI N. KUMARA; S. BABU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240309

Abstract

Abstract. Kumar PR, Deepak D, Kumara HN, Babu A. 2023. The occupancy of Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) using local people’s knowledge in the Deccan Plateau, Karnataka, India. Biodiversitas 24: 1400-1407. The Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) (GIB) is a critically endangered species that went extinct in most of its geographical range and is facing global extinction risk. The southernmost population of this bird at present is in Siruguppa taluk of Bellary district in Karnataka State, India. Except for a few sight records, data is not available on any aspect of the species in the state. We collected sightings of GIB from the local people for an area of 359 km2. We modeled the probability of occurrence of GIB for the study site and associated it with the habitat parameters. Keeping the findings of the occupancy, we explored the study site for the GIB. The results showed that tree density and length of the metal road influenced the occupancy positively, while the number of villages and period of land use influenced it negatively. Nearly 30% of the grids were predicted to have high probability of detecting GIB in this landscape. We had 115 detections of GIB and recorded them in 70% of the grid cells where local people reported the sightings of GIBs. The use of local people’s knowledge is beneficial and less expensive for the species like GIB for the initial exploration and also to monitor them at a landscape level.

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