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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Supporting food security through urban home gardening, Rancasari Sub-district, Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia INDRI WULANDARI; TEGUH HUSODO; DEDE MULYANTO; OEKAN S. ABDOELLAH; CIKA ASTI AMALIA; SHOFI SITI FARHANIAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241043

Abstract

Abstract. Wulandari I, Husodo T, Mulyanto D, Abdoellah OS, Amalia CA, Farhaniah S. 2023. Supporting food security through urban home gardening, Rancasari Sub-district, Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5618-5625. Urban areas are closely related to the increase in human population, which triggers increased demand for land for settlements or housing. The increase in human population is in line with the increase in daily food requirements. As agricultural land decreases, agricultural productivity decreases, but much agricultural land has been converted into non-agricultural land, leading to food insecurity. Urban farming through home gardening is one of the methods to maintain food security amidst limited open land. This study aimed to reveal urban farming as a role model for food security through home gardens in the Rancasari Sub-district, Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. This study used a quantitative approach. Data were collected using purposive sampling in housing >20 years old in Manjahlega and Mekarjaya Village. Plants are divided based on their utilization, including ornamental, spice, medicine, and food plants. The results showed that 803 species and 20,366 individuals of 130 families were found in Manjahlega Village, while 680 species and 10,862 individuals were found in the Mekarjaya Village. In Manjahlega, mango (Mangifera indica L.) has the highest IVI value of 64.58, while in Mekarjaya, Chinese evergreen (Aglaonema commutatum Schott.) has the highest IVI value of 10.2. Based on their use, ornamental plants have the highest H and R values compared to food, medicines, and spice plants. Ornamental plants dominate home gardens in Rancasari Sub-district. Their home gardens tend to be aimed at providing aesthetic value and beauty rather than producing food, medicines, and spices in the household. Home gardening has not been fully effective in supporting urban farming in Rancasari Sub-district due to the selection of ornamental plants.
Mangrove density and delta formation in Segara Anakan Lagoon as an impact of the riverine sedimentation rate TRI NUR CAHYO; AGUS HARTOKO; MAX RUDOLF MUSKANANFOLA; HAERUDDIN HAERUDDIN; ENDANG HILMI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250344

Abstract

Abstract. Cahyo TN, Hartoko A, Muskananfola MR, Haeruddin, Hilmi E. 2024. Mangrove density and delta formation in Segara Anakan Lagoon as an impact of the riverine sedimentation rate. Biodiversitas 25: 1276-1285. Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL) is in Southwestern of Central Java Province, Indonesia. The Western Part of SAL (WP-SAL) gets its sediment load from the Citanduy River. This research aimed to determine the temporal pattern of the shoreline, water body area, depth, delta formation, and mangrove density at WP-SAL. Shoreline data were extracted from a base map and the satellite imagery. Overlapping analysis of several shorelines and depth maps showed different results in terms of values or patterns. The western part of SAL had silted up and reached more than 85% in 161 years. The sediment accretion impacted the shoreline (between 177 ha yr-1 in 1999-2003), and the average decrease of the water bodies speed was 61 ha yr-1. The Pelawangan Barat waters (PBW) and the main lagoon had a decreasing depth because of the sediment deposits. The sedimentation also greatly impacts mangrove species distribution, clustering and association, and density and mangrove affinity. Mangrove density growth-based and the delta formation were formed and developed following the tidal pattern during floods and ebbs. It can be used to predict the future morphology of WP-SAL. The WP-SAL will be sediment filled and left the waterways channels, it was reached within 13.6 years from 2018, which would be in 2032.
Antibacterial activity of faloak (Sterculia quadrifida) leaves extract THERESIA IKA PURWANTININGSIH; BUDI PRASETYO WIDYOBROTO; YUSTINA YUNI SURANINDYAH; WAYAN TUNAS ARTAMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241223

Abstract

Abstract. Purwantiningsih TI, Widyobroto BP, Suranindyah YY, Artama WT. 2023. Antibacterial activity of faloak (Sterculia quadrifida) leaves extract. Biodiversitas 24: 6613-6620. Restrictions on the use of antibiotics have made people start looking for alternatives to antibiotics, one of which is ingredients that come from nature. Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R. Br) leaves are a source of secondary metabolites that have not been widely utilized. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of faloak leaves extract in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria). Powdered faloak leaves were macerated with 96% ethanol solvent. After obtaining the crude extract, it was fractionated using the liquid-liquid method using methanol, hexane, distilled water and ethyl acetate as solvents. The crude extract of faloak leaves was then dissolved into several concentrations. The crude extract of faloak leaves and the fractions obtained were tested for antibacterial activity in vitro using the Kirby Bauer method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The most active fraction in inhibiting the tested bacteria was then screened for bioactive compounds using instrument LC-HRMS. The results showed that faloak leaves extract and its fractions were able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The ethyl acetate fraction was the most active fraction in inhibiting bacteria and the most occurring bioactive compounds appeared in LC-HRMS testing were luteolin, rutin and corchorifatty acid. The total flavonoid compound in the crude extract was 227.281 QE µg/mL and the highest i.e. 351.456 QE µg/mL total flavonoid compound was in methanol fraction.
Stock assessment using spawning potential ratio in data poor fisheries for mahseer Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) in Aceh Province, Indonesia TEUKU FADLON HASER; MUH. SALEH NURDIN; EDDY SUPRIYONO; TRI HERU PRIHADI; SURI PURNAMA FEBRI; ANDRI YUSMAN PERSADA; TEUKU HADI WIBOWO; HERLINA PUTRI ENDAH SARI; KARTIKA APRILIA PUTRI; ANTONI ANTONI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241125

Abstract

Abstract. Haser TF, Nurdin MS, Supriyono E, Prihadi TH, Febri SP, Persada AY, Wibowo TH, Sari HPE, Putri KA, Antoni. 2023. Stock assessment using spawning potential ratio in data poor fisheries for mahseer Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) in Aceh Province. Biodiversitas 24: 6039-6047. Overexploitation of mahseer has led to a decline in population, posing a threat to its sustainability in the wild. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the length-based spawning potential ratio of the fish from Atu Suasah and Lawe Melang Rivers in Aceh Province. The experiment was conducted from January to August 2023, and the population dynamics parameters were calculated through Response Surface Analysis using Electronic Length Frequencies Analysis in the Fish Stock Assessment Tools program. Meanwhile, the spawning potential ratio (SPR) was analyzed based on data uploaded to the Barefoot Ecologist's Toolbox. The results showed that the asymptotic length (L?) at Atu Suasah and Lawe Melang Rivers was 750 mm and 759 mm, respectively, with K coefficients of 1.40 year-1 and 1.55 year-1. The length at first maturity (Lm50) of mahseer in these rivers was 372.52 mm and 438.88 mm. Total mortality (Z) is 3.88 year-1 and 3.24 year-1, while natural mortality (M) values are 1.06 year-1 and 0.91 year-1, with corresponding fishing mortality (F) rates of 2.82 year-1 and 2.33 year-1. The Beverton and Holt analyzes of per recruitment results showed that mahseer in Lawe Melang and Atu Suasah River have exceeded Emax, where the current E values ??were 0.73 year-1 and 0.72 year-1 respectively. These implied that mahseer stock was overfished with SPR 9% and 16% respectively, falling below the standard biological reference point. To ensure sustainability, conservation efforts should be put in place, including establishing a capture size limit and reducing fishing gear by 42%.
Chemotaxonomy in the Etlingera Genus from Sulawesi, Indonesia: Design and molecular docking of antioxidant marker RINI HAMSIDI; KARMILAH KARMILAH; NUR SAADAH DAUD; MUHAMMAD HAJRUL MALAKA; AGUNG WIBAWA MAHATVA YODHA; MUSDALIPAH MUSDALIPAH; ARFAN ARFAN; SAHIDIN SAHIDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250202

Abstract

Abstract. Hamsidi R, Karmilah, Daud NS, Malaka MH, Yodha AWM, Musdalipah, Arfan, Sahidin. 2024. Chemotaxonomy in the Etlingera Genus from Sulawesi, Indonesia: Design and molecular docking of antioxidant marker. Biodiversitas 25: 449-457. Etlingera is one of the important genera in the Zingiberaceae family because of its potential uses. Several studies have been conducted on the Genus Etlingera as nutraceuticals and drugs. Recently new species have been found in the Sulawesi Region, Indonesia, namely E. canaria A.D.Poulsen and E. echinulate A.D.Poulsen. Based on literature review through sciencedirect and springer link, both species unknown for their chemical and pharmacological content, so it is necessary to continue to reveal the deeper potential. The fruits of E. calophrys (K.Schum.) A.D.Poulsen, E. canaria and E. echinulate were extracted with methanol by maceration method. The chemical content of each extract was analyzed using a Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (LCMS). Antioxidant activity was tested based on the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The ability as an antioxidant is proven by the molecular interactions of marker compounds in inhibiting xanthine oxidase. The secondary metabolites contained in the fruit extracts of E. calophrys, E. canaria and E. echinulate are E-p-Coumatic acid, 1,5-Dimethyl citrate, Trimethyl citrate, Crocetin, Tanshinone IIA, Ethinyl Estradiol, Yakuchinone B, Anisalacetone, Yakuchinone A, Nobilin, ?-Estradiol, Momor-cerebroside I, Spinasterone, 12-Hydroxy-methyl abietate, Spinasterol, 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl oleate, 11-Octadecenoate acid methyl ester, Stigmastan-3,6-dione, b-Sitosterol- 3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside, Trilaurin, 28-O-Hexahydrophthalate and Fasciculol C. Yakuchinone A and Yakuchinone B are chemotaxonomic marker compounds identified in all species. The antioxidant properties of each extract of 42.27±0.53, 46.59±0.81 and 35.66±0.73 mg/L have been proven by the molecular interactions of the marker compounds in their ability to act as xanthine oxidase inhibitors. The compounds Yakuchinone A and Yakuchinone B are thought to be responsible for the pharmacological activity of the species E. calophrys, E. canaria and E. echinulate. Yakuchinone A and Yakuchinone B are marker compounds because they are distributed in all samples.
Profile microsatellite mining of whole genome sequencing and transcriptomic assembly in dwarf and tall areca nut (Areca catechu) in Indonesia MUHAMMAD ROIYAN ROMADHON; SOBIR SOBIR; WILLY BAYUARDI SUWARNO; DEDEN DERAJAT MATRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250322

Abstract

Abstract. Romadhon MR, Sobir, Suwarno WB, Matra DD. 2024. Profile microsatellite mining of whole genome sequencing and transcriptomic assembly in dwarf and tall areca nut (Areca catechu L.) in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1081-1088. Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) has high diversity in fruit shape and flowering time. Two superior varieties are commonly cultivated in Indonesia, namely Betara areca nut (tall) and Emas areca nut (dwarf). Molecular level diversity from genomic and transcriptome of areca nut data is available at NCBI, but not yet for Indonesian areca nut. The research compared the results of SSR with two method approaches to detect genetic diversity in the plants accurately. This study aimed to compare the SSR motifs of Betara areca nut and Emas areca nut varieties from whole genome sequencing and transcriptome assembly. The research was conducted at the Leuwikopo Seed Centre Laboratory of the IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. The methods used are Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and transcriptome assembly. A total number of identified SSRs from WGS approach from Betara areca nut of 95 SSRs and Emas areca nut of 95 SSRs, while Betara areca nut SSRs from transcriptome assembly of 466 SSRs and Emas areca nut of 357 SSRs. The percentage of contigs and transcripts from Betara areca nut containing SSR was 7.43% and 4.22%, respectively, while Emas areca nut was 8.06% and 2.04%, respectively. AT is the dominant SSR motif in WGS, while the GA motif dominates the transcriptome assembly results.
Diversity and abundance of sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) resources in the Waters of Duroa Island, Tual City, Maluku, Indonesia NENENG SUARNO KALIDI; MAX RUDOLF MUSKANANFOLA; SURYANTI SURYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241120

Abstract

Abstract. Kalidi NS, Muskananfola MR, Suryanti S. 2023. Diversity and abundance of sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) resources in the Waters of Duroa Island, Tual City, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6002-6009. The people of Duroa Island, Tual City, Indonesia, have been utilizing sea cucumber resources continuously without considering its impact on ecological factors and sustainability. Formulating management initiatives is one possible solution to sustain the stock. However, it is hampered by the lack of information on its current status. This study aims to assess the abundance and diversity as well as the condition of the aquatic environment. In the observation 9 sea cucumbers were found from Holothuria, Bohadschia, Actinopyga, Stichopus, and Thelenota genera. The density of sea cucumber was highest at station 4 (0.417 ind/m²), and lowest at station 1 (0.083 ind/m²). Holothuria edulis dominated the sea cucumber community at a density of (0.450 ind/m2). Habitat characteristics of sea cucumber observation stations on Duroa Island are dominated by seagrass, rocky sand, rough sand, and sand. Ecological indices such as diversity are classified as moderate, high uniformity, and low dominance. All observation stations have water quality that is still in the optimal range according to water quality standards for marine biota, except at station 1 because the station has a pH value below the national quality standard of <6.5.
Nest characteristics, distribution, and preferences of Megapodius reinwardt as the basis for its conservation on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia M. YAMIN; A. WAHAB JUFRI; ALIFMAN HAKIM; GUNAWAN GUNAWAN; JONI RAHMAT; A.A. SUKARSO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250508

Abstract

Abstract. Yamin M, Jufri AW, Hakim A, Gunawan, Rahmat J, Sukarso AA. 2024. Nest characteristics, distribution, and preferences of Megapodius reinwardt as the basis for its conservation on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1920-1928. Megapodius reinwardt Dumont, 1823 is a unique bird that has an important ecological role as an insect controller, food security, and economy. This study aims to accurately determine the distribution, characteristics of nests and nesting preferences of M. reinwardt in natural habitats. Data collection was carried out by field observation methods at three locations from March to August 2023, i.e.: TWA Gunung Tunak (Gunung Tunak Nature Park), TWA Kerandangan (Kerandangan Nature Park), and Gili Trawangan, but when data were collected on Gili Trawangan no active nests were found. We found that there are seven active nests in the western part of the TWA Gunung Tunak; each nest was built by five to twelve pairs of parents, while in TWA Kerandangan, three active nests were built by three pairs of parents. The population of M. reinwardt on Lombok Island is only found in TWA Gunung Tunak (96 heads) and TWA Kerandangan (12 heads). The presence of the nest is simultaneously significantly influenced by 14 factors (R2 value=87%). Six factors are highly preferred, i.e., distance to river streams, light intensity, canopy cover, vegetation density, humidity, and plant litter composition. The vegetation diversity in TWA Gunung Tunak was 21 species with a density of 58 - 344 individuals/hectare compared to TWA Kerandangan, which was 40 species with a density of 185-410 individuals/hectare. The diversity index (H) of M. reinwardt is between 2.14-2.26. The evenness index (E) is between 0.95-0.96. The high ecological index indicates that conservation strategies for M. reinwardt should be implemented by providing ecosystem services through the development of ecotourism and by increasing economic and community awareness.
Adaptation and local knowledge of the Marind Anim Tribes in the utilization of Paperbark trees (Melaleuca leucadendron) in Merauke, South Papua, Indonesia SUHARNO SUHARNO; AKHMAD KADIR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241157

Abstract

Abstract. Suharno, Kadir A. 2023. Adaptation and local knowledge of the Marind Anim Tribes in the utilization of Paperbark trees (Melaleuca leucadendron) in Merauke, South Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6323-6331. Papuan rainforests are one of the most immensely diverse in the world. Such rich biodiversity provides a source of livelihood for the inland communities in Merauke, South Papua Province. For example, Paperbark trees (Melaleuca leucadendron) or kayu bus in the local language, which grow dominantly in lowland areas, are essential for the lives of the local inhabitants, the Marind Anim tribe. This research aims to elaborate on the use of Paperbark trees (M. leucadendron) by the Marind Anim tribe in their daily lives. Data were collected from surveys, interviews, and field observations. The interviews were conducted in multiple locations: Merauke, Sota, Muting, Semangga, and Tanah Miring. The results show that all members of the Marind Anim tribe (100%) depend on Paperbark for their livelihood, especially for the need for housing. The community has been using Paperbark trunks for house frames (92.31%), either unprocessed or in the forms of wooden blocks (5 x 5, 5 x 10, 10 x 10 cm) and boards (2 x 20 cm). They also utilize the wood for firewood. Other tribe members, i.e., the residents of the Wasur National Park, extract essential oils from Paperbark leaves. This utilization receives assistance and support from the area manager of the national park. Other than that, the community also utilizes the bark for house roofs, mats for crops, and firewood. In brief, the community's dependence on Paperbark trees is high because, other than being versatile, they are endemic to the lowland areas of Merauke, dominating other tree species. The findings suggest the importance of establishing a sound management system for the utilization of Paperbark trees to maintain sustainability in meeting the needs of surrounding communities.
Evaluation of antifungal activity against Corynespora cassiicola by bacteria isolated from soil in the root zone of cucumber plants LE QUOC DUY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241220

Abstract

Abstract. Duy LQ. 2023. Evaluation of antifungal activity against Corynespora cassiicola by bacteria isolated from soil in the root zone of cucumber plants. Biodiversitas 24: 6584-6591. Target leaf spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola poses a major disease threat to cucumber cultivation worldwide. Reliance on chemical fungicides has raised resistance to environmental and health concerns. As cucumber production expands globally, sustainable solutions are needed. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) show promise but remain underexplored against C. cassiicola in cucumber. This study aimed to assess the potency of rhizobacteria in antagonistic activity against C. cassiicola, causing cucumber target leaf spots under in vitro conditions. The present study isolated bacterial strains from cucumber soil rhizosphere and screened for antifungal activity against C. cassiicola using dual culture assays. Using quantitative assays, selected antagonistic strains were further assessed for key biocontrol traits, including ?-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and siderophore production. Cell-free supernatants were tested for direct fungal growth inhibition using the environmental toxicity. Isolated PGPR strains showed robust C. cassiicola inhibition from 39.8% to 62.6% growth reduction. Most antagonistic isolates produced ?-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and siderophores and suppressed pathogen growth via metabolites in their supernatants. These results demonstrate multiple biocontrol mechanisms, including enzymatic degradation of fungal cell walls, iron competition through siderophores, and antimicrobial compound secretion. Bacillus siamensis strain TV16 exhibited the strongest overall antagonism against C. cassiicola. These findings reveal the biocontrol potential of PGPR for managing cucumber-target leaf-spot disease, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. With further optimization and field testing, PGPR-based biopesticides can be integrated into cucumber production to improve crop health while reducing fungicide reliance.

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