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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Phytochemical compounds and antioxidant capacities of Abelmoschus manihot leaf extracts using different solvents GRACE MARLINA WINATA; HARDINSYAH HARDINSYAH; SRI ANNA MARLIYATI; RIMBAWAN RIMBAWAN; DIMAS ANDRIANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250305

Abstract

Abstract. Winata GM, Hardinsyah H, Marliyati SA, Rimbawan R, Andrianto D. 2024. Phytochemical compounds and antioxidant capacities of Abelmoschus manihot leaf extracts using different solvents. Biodiversitas 25: 942-949. Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) leaves are popularly consumed as a green vegetable by Eastern Indonesians. This work aimed to carry out the phytochemical compounds and antioxidant capacities of five extracts, i.e., water, 70% ethanol, absolute ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane of Abelmoschus manihot leaf. Qualitative analysis was done as a preliminary screening for flavonoid, tannin, saponin, alkaloid, triterpenoid, steroid, and quinone. Quantitative analysis determined the flavonoid, phenolic, tannin, quercetin, and steroid content. In-vitro antioxidant analysis was conducted to determine free radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. The results showed that flavonoid was only found in 70% ethanol extract; steroid was obtained in all extracts, while alkaloid, saponin, tannin, quinone, and triterpenoid were absent in all extracts. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that the highest flavonoid was in 70% ethanol extract (39.2 mg GAE/g), phenolic in ethyl acetate extract (34.792 mg QE/g), tannin in 70% ethanol (1.395 mg/g), quercetin in absolute ethanol extract (0.246 mg/g), and steroid content in hexane extract (201.948 mg/g). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of each extract to inhibit malondialdehyde (MDA) formation was lower than free radical scavenging activity. The IC50 values of MDA formation in absolute ethanol and hexane extracts were 6.77 ppm and 7.67 ppm, respectively. The IC50 of vitamin E was 3.67 ppm. Further study is needed to determine the mechanism of Abelmoschus manihot leaf extracts as antioxidants used as a functional food.
Molecular characterization and evaluation of potential isolated bacteria in optimizing former coal mining land as a planting media in East Kalimantan, Indonesia YUNI SRI RAHAYU; YULIANI YULIANI; MAHANANI TRI ASRI; DWI ANGGOROWATI RAHAYU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251105

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu YS, Yuliani, Asri MT, Rahayu DA. 2024. Molecular characterization and evaluation of potential isolated bacteria in optimizing former coal mining land as a planting media in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4059-4066. East Kalimantan is an extensive province in Indonesia dedicated to coal mining activities. Despite the potential, several coal mining enterprises do not implement land reclamation procedures before abandoning the mines. This situation often leads to low soil fertility and challenges in effectively converting the resulting marginal land into productive terrain. Several reports have shown the importance of concerted efforts to address those challenges. Therefore, this study aims to isolate, characterize, and evaluate endophytic microorganisms in optimizing former coal mining areas using the partial sequence of 16S rRNA. The construction of the phylogenetic tree topology between samples and the close relatives from GenBank was analyzed using the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) and Maximum-Likelihood (ML) methods with the Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) calculation model (with 1,000 bootstraps). The resulting cladogram could be divided into two major clusters, with cluster 1 comprising two distinct clades, namely the Bacillus genus clade and clade 2 consisting of the Genus Achromobacter and Pseudomonas. Meanwhile, cluster 2 was divided into two clades: Bacillus alvei and Bacillus pantothenticus. Each group in these clades was then further categorized based on the species, with a bootstrap value of 100%. The molecular data identification revealed five variations of nucleotide bases, and the genetic distance average value within the ingroup was 1.0%. The results revealed that species similarities existed between Pseudomonas guariconensis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus pantothenticus, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus mycoides, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus alvei. Based on these results, the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequences had successfully differentiated bacteria in optimizing former coal mining areas in East Kalimantan.
Growth and mortality model of Chacunda gizzard shad Anodontostoma chacunda (Bleeker, 1852) in Tarakan waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia GAZALI SALIM; AGUS INDARJO; MUJIYANTO MUJIYANTO; YAYUK SUGIANTI; SUTRISNO ANGGORO; JULIAN RANSANGAN; DAUD NAWIR; MEIRYANI MEIRYANI; SITTI HARTINAH; NURJANAH NURJANAH; ARIEL E. SAN JOSE; ROSE DEWI; ZULAIHA BALQIS; MOCHAMAD CANDRA WIRAWAN ARIEF; MASAYU RAHMIA ANWAR PUTRI; ABDUR RAHMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250237

Abstract

Abstract. Salim G, Indarjo A, Mujiyanto M, Sugianti Y, Anggoro S, Ransangan J, Nawir D, Meiryani, Hartinah S, Nurjanah, Jose AES, Dewi R, Balqis Z, Arief MCW, Putri MRA, Rahman A. 2024. Growth and mortality model of Chacunda gizzard shad Anodontostoma chacunda (Bleeker, 1852) in Tarakan waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 770-780. The Chacunda gizzard shad Anodontostoma chacunda (Bleeker, 1852) possesses numerous spines and is economically valued, with prices ranging from USD 0.64-0.96/kg. This study aimed to analyze the growth and mortality models of the A. chacunda from the waters of Tarakan Island. The research was conducted over four months, from July to October 2022, using a quantitative descriptive method. Sampling was performed using purposive sampling, with 20 sessions over four months, each yielding 40-50 individuals. The results showed a total sample of 789 fish, with 463 males and 326 females, yielding a males-to-females ratio of 1.42:1. The allometric model revealed negative allometry with a body shape from the condition index indicating leanness. The Von Bertalanffy model shows that the asymptotic length of males is higher than that of females with the growth rate of females being higher than that of males. In reaching the asymptotic length, the males is faster by reaching the age of 47 days compared to the females reaching the age of 37 days. The numerical data of total mortality, fishing mortality and natural mortality of females is higher compared to males, but for exploitation rate in males and females has the same value is 0.91. The current exploitation rate of A. chacunda was higher than the optimum exploitation rate (E=0.5), showed that over-exploited A. chacunda requires sustainable management.
Screening of the antimicrobial activity of Indonesian banana (Musa spp.) against pathogenic bacteria HALIMATUS SA’DIYAH; MOHAMMAD UBAIDILLAH; YOGA DHEWA PRANATA HARIYADI; VEGA KARTIKA SARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250404

Abstract

Abstract. Sa’diyah H, Hariyadi YDP, Ubaidillah M, Sari VK. 2024. Screening of the antimicrobial activity of Indonesian banana (Musa spp.) against pathogenic bacteria. Biodiversitas 25: 1368-1374. Investigation of natural sources of antibacterials becomes increasingly relevant and necessary due to the prevalence of high antibiotic resistance. To mitigate this issue, banana, a consumable fruit, is gaining attention as a potential natural source of antibacterials, with some varieties showing potential as alternatives to conventional antibiotics against pathogens. Exploring the potential for non-commercial bananas is important to discovering their antibacterial properties. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of 23 explored banana varieties against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria using the diffusion disc method. The results showed that all the different types of banana did not significantly affect the antibacterial activity. Kayu banana variety indicated the highest activity against E. coli. In contrast, Ijo banana showed potent activity against S. aureus with a non-significantly different inhibition zone than the effectiveness of ampicillin. Meanwhile, Kepok Makassar banana variety showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. typhi, which was lower than chloramphenicol's effectiveness. The Raja Nangka, Morosebo, Janten, Selendang, and Biji Seribu banana varieties had low antibacterial activity against all three bacteria tested. Therefore, the results showed opportunities for further study of various bacterial types with different banana varieties and their extracts.
Population structure and risk assessment of invasive species Asystasia gangetica in urban area of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia DIAN ROSLEINE; ANGGI RIQQA KHALISHAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250606

Abstract

Abstract. Rosleine D, Khalishah AR. 2024. Population structure and risk assessment of invasive species Asystasia gangetica in urban area of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2374-2381. Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson is a weed from Africa that has a high adaptation to wide ecological conditions. This research aims to assess the population structure of A. gangetica in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia and to conduct risk assessment to determine management decisions. This research was conducted from January to February 2023 by establishing a total of 106 plots with size of 1 m2 to measure the population structure at adult and juvenile stages, and number of fruits. Plot sized 0.4 m2 was used to count the seed in a 10 cm soil depth. A risk assessment was conducted, which consisted of 12 questions of risk analysis (invasiveness, impact, and potential distribution) and 20 questions of management feasibility (control cost, distribution, and persistence). The results of principal component analysis and clustering analysis show three groups based on population structure (PC1 49.12% and PC2 28.44%). The first cluster consists of three sub-districts and shows a set of early colonized populations indicated by low juvenile stage, while the second cluster (14 sub-districts) and third cluster (13 sub-districts) show more established population yet still recently colonized, which is indicated with medium-high juvenile and reproductive (fruit) stage. The risk assessment results in 91.2 of the risk analysis score (medium) and 169.7 of the management feasibility score (negligible), implying the need to manage the site. Nevertheless, its wide-range of habitat tolerant and population characteristics potentially threaten biodiversity and harm the agricultural sector at once. Therefore, early countermeasure is needed as an effort to minimize greater risks in the future.
Phytocomponents analysis and antioxidant activity of Malacca fruit extract (Phyllanthus emblica) using three different solvents NAZARUDDIN NAZARUDDIN; ROSMAIDAR ROSMAIDAR; TONGKU N. SIREGAR; SRI WAHYUNI; AMALIA SUTRIANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250507

Abstract

Abstract. Nazaruddin, Rosmaidar, Siregar TN, Wahyuni S, Sutriana A. 2024. Phytocomponents analysis and antioxidant activity of Malacca fruit extract (Phyllanthus emblica) using three different solvents. Biodiversitas 25: 1911-1919. Malacca plant (Phyllanthus emblica L.) grows widely in Aceh Province, Indonesia representing a wide group of phytochemical components of medicinal usage. This study aims to assess the antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds in P. emblica fruit extract, which was extracted by subsequent extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extracts were then subjected to phytochemical and GC-MS to identify and quantify the bioactive compounds and measure the radical scavenging using DPPH assay to estimate the antioxidant activity. The results showed that P. emblica fruit extracted with ethanol and ethyl acetate contained flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and saponin compounds, while n-hexane extract only contained steroids. The antioxidant activity of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts was very strong, with IC50 values of 18.81, 20.75, and 31.01 ppm, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the ethanol extract of P. emblica fruit. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the most abundant chemical component in ethanol and ethyl acetate extract was 1, 2, 3 benzenetriol, while in n-hexane extract was eugenol. Based on bioactive components and antioxidant activity, ethanol is suggested as the optimal solvent to gain a high content of polyphenols and flavonoids as well as high antioxidants from P. emblica fruit for utilization in pharmacognosy.
High-quality genomic DNA extraction methods of Yellow Spathoglottis Blume complex for next-generation sequencing JASIM HAIDER MAHMOD JASIM; AHMAD SOFIMAN OTHMAN; FARAH ALIA NORDIN; NURUL SHAKINA MOHD TALKAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250224

Abstract

Abstract. Jasim JHM, Othman AS, Nordin FA, Talkah NSM. 2024. High-quality genomic DNA extraction methods of Yellow Spathoglottis Blume complex for next-generation sequencing. Biodiversitas 25: 654-663. Advancements in genomic research have spurred a growing interest in extracting high-quality genomic DNA, particularly from intricate plant species like the Yellow Spathoglottis Blume Complex. The preparation of genomic DNA high-quality from a plant sample is a crucial step for genomic and genetic analysis studies. A variety of genomic DNA extraction methods such as the traditional Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) method and commercially available kits have been reported. Even so, they are either low purity and yield or costly. We develop a good-quality genomic DNA extraction method from fresh and dried leaves of the Yellow Spathoglottis Blume complex in Peninsular Malaysia, specifically tailored for Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) applications. Three DNA extraction methods were compared traditional CTAB, modified CTAB, and the DNeasy Qiagen plant mini kit methods. The yield and quality of extracted DNA were assessed by PCR amplification using nuclear ETS and ITS genes performed to evaluate the success of DNA extraction. Additionally, the suitability of the modified CTAB method for NGS library preparation and sequencing was tested. It demonstrated better PCR amplification results, yielding high-concentration bands for both ETS and ITS primers. Furthermore, the modified CTAB method proved suitable for high molecular weight DNA extraction, without contamination. The extracted DNA from Spathoglottis aurea exhibited high molecular weight and passed the quality control assessment for NGS library preparation. Sequencing results demonstrated an average quality score of 36.0, with an accurate base call rate of approximately 99.9%. The developed method enables reliable genomic analysis and sequencing of the Yellow Spathoglottis Blume complex, contributing to further research and understanding of this species group.
Utilizing the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and sweet potato leaf litter for the growth and production of andrographolide compounds in Andrographis paniculata SUHARNO SUHARNO; AYU CAHYANINGSIH; PUGUH SUJARTA; TRI GUNAEDI; IGN. JOKO SUYONO; DIRK Y. P. RUNTUBOI; SUPENI SUFAATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250411

Abstract

Abstract. Suharno, Cahyaningsih A, Sujarta P, Gunaedi T, Suyono IJ, Runtuboi DYP, Sufaati S. 2024. Utilizing the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and sweet potato leaf litter for the growth and production of andrographolide compounds in Andrographis paniculata. Biodiversitas 25: 1427-1435. This research aims to determine the effect of AMF diversity and the leaf litter of sweet potato on the growth and production of andrographolide compounds in sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.). Factorial analysis in a completely randomized experimental design with two factors and six replicates was used in this research. The factors consisted of the AMF inoculation (non-mycorrhizal, the inoculation with Glomus sp1, Glomus sp2, and Glomus aggregatum) and the addition of sweet potato leaf litter (without litter, with 5, 10, and 15 g per polybag). The results showed that AMF inoculation significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and biomass. Likewise, the addition of sweet potato leaf litter also affected the plant growth in all parameters. The combination between AMF inoculation and leaf litter addition contributes positively to the overall plant growth. The highest growth was noted in the plant inoculated with Glomus sp2 grown in the media added with 10 g of leaf litter per polybag. The inoculation of an indigenous AMF, Glomus sp2, could enhance the andrographolide compound content by 3.65%. AMF, thus, has the potential to improve the growth and content of andrographolide compounds in A. paniculata.
Assessment of nematode and microbial diversity and screening of entomopathogens in revegetated post-coal-mining land in Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia SOPIALENA SOPIALENA; ROSFIANSYAH ROSFIANSYAH; ANDI SURYADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250713

Abstract

Abstract. Sopialena, Rosfiansyah, Suryadi A. 2024. Assessment of nematode and microbial diversity and screening of entomopathogens in revegetated post-coal-mining land in Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2921-2930. Post-coal-mining management should strive toward site revegetation. The success of such revegetation efforts is largely determined by the soil's fertility status, which encompasses physical, chemical, and biological components. Biological fertility is indicated by the presence and abundance of soil microbes and nematodes. The objective of this study was to identify the diversity of nematodes and soil microbes in ex-coal-mining land revegetated with oil palm in Kutai Kartanegara District (East Kalimantan, Indonesia), to screen for entomopathogenic nematodes and microbes, and to analyze their relationships with the chemical fertility status of the land. As a control, non-mining land was also investigated. The results showed that microbial diversity and density (including fungi and bacteria) in the ex-coal-mining area were significantly lower compared to the control. Additionally, a decrease in microbial diversity and density was found in deeper soil layers of both post-mining and non-mining lands. In contrast, soil nematodes were more abundant in post-mining land, both in terms of diversity and density, and were also more plentiful in the deeper soil layers. Among the nematodes and microbes studied, only Heterorhabditis and Steinernema (nematodes), Trichoderma (fungi), and Bacillaceae (bacteria) were identified as entomopathogens, causing death in Tenebrio molitor L. larvae. Overall, soil fertility in ex-coal-mining land was observed to be lower, characterized by decreased soil pH, basic saturation, Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), and nutrient content, which contributed to a reduced microbial community compared to non-mining land.
The occurrence of the very rare species Gekko cf. brooksii (Squamata, Gekkonidae) in West Sumatra, Indonesia, based on molecular and morphological evidence MORALITA CHATRI; YUNI AHDA; ZULYUSRI ZULYUSRI; LUHUR SEPTIADI; AWAL RIYANTO; FITRA ARYA DWI NUGRAHA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250959

Abstract

Abstract. Chatri M, Ahda Y, Zulyusri, Septiadi L, Riyanto A, Nugraha FAD. 2024. The occurrence of the very rare species Gekko cf. brooksii (Squamata, Gekkonidae) in West Sumatra, Indonesia, based on molecular and morphological evidence. Biodiversitas 25: 3369-3379. Sumatra, Indonesia is a region of vast, rich and diverse flora and fauna, yet knowledge of herpetology in Sumatra is limited. One such group is the genus Gekko, which is poorly known, morphologically diverse and taxonomically problematic, especially for canopy-dwelling geckos. During our recent fieldwork in the Barisan Mountains of West Sumatra, we found an unidentified camouflaged gecko and used molecular and morphological approaches to confirm its identity. Based on molecular (NADH dehydrogenase 2 [ND2] and flanking tRNA genes) and morphological comparisons (31 characters), we confirmed a new record and an expansion range of Gekko cf. brooksii to West Sumatra; we also reported several morphological characters that have not been reported in previous studies. The individual was found on the leaves of a young breadfruit plant (Artocarpus communis J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) located about 1 meter from the hiking trail, where the surrounding vegetation consisted of several tall trees and was mostly dominated by herbaceous plants that did not exceed 1 meter in height. It conclusion, despite a long history of exploration, the herpetofauna of Sumatra continues to yield new discoveries and records. As the geckos inhabiting the higher canopy layers of tropical rainforests in Sumatra remain largely unknown, further intensive surveys for canopy-dwelling geckos are needed to further elucidate the complete taxonomic composition of Sumatra's herpetofauna.

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