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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Distribution of banana Fusarium wilt in Banyumas, Indonesia, and characterization of F. oxysporum isolates from infected bananas and taro growing on the same farm RUTH FETI RAHAYUNIATI; RULY EKO KUSUMA KURNIAWAN; ENDANG MUGIASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250401

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayuniati RF, Kurniawan REK, Mugiastuti E. 2024. Distribution of banana Fusarium wilt in Banyumas, Indonesia, and characterization of F. oxysporum isolates from infected bananas and taro growing on the same farm. Biodiversitas 25: 1344-1351. Fusarium wilt disease is a major constraint to banana production in Indonesia. The disease has also affected banana production in Banyumas, one banana-producing region. However, information on the distribution and characteristics of Fusarium wilt in Banyumas is limited. Growing mixed bananas and taro on the same farm in Banyumas is common. During the banana wilt survey, we found that taro also showed a symptom of Fusarium wilt. Therefore, this study aims to determine the distribution of Fusarium wilt disease on bananas in Banyumas, determine the characteristics of F. oxysporum on bananas and taro that grow on the same farm, and conduct pathogenicity tests of taro Fusarium isolates on bananas. The study consists of two steps, i.e., survey and sampling using purposive sampling technique conducted at the banana-growing area in Baturraden, Rawalo, Wangon, Purwojati, Gumelar, Ajibarang, Kemranjen, and Somagede districts. The second step involved the identification, characterization, and pathogenicity test of Fusarium isolate banana compared to isolate taro. A complete randomized design was used in an experimental study. All samples with Fusarium wilt symptoms were identified morphologically as comprised of macroscopic, microscopic characters and volatile odor of isolates. The results indicated that Fusarium wilt was equally distributed in Banyumas District, with the disease incidence reaching 50%. F. oxysporum isolates, which cause Fusarium wilt of banana and taro in Banyumas District, have indicated the same characteristics as Foc, i.e., diverse colony morphology, dominated by white to purple colonies with a cottony, smooth, and dry surface. Colonies are circular, irregular, dispersed, and undispersed on the surface of the medium with a filamentous margin; the single-septate oval-shaped microconidium and typical straight to sickle-shaped macroconidium. There were no significant differences between F. oxysporum isolate banana and taro in terms of disease incubation period, disease intensity, and Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). Generally, this study found that Fusarium wilt was equally distributed in the lowlands. The Fusarium in bananas was the same as the Fusarium on taro in the same area, and the Fusarium isolated from taro effectively infected the banana.
Bird diversity rate as variable of land use change protection scenario using a system dynamics approach FEBRI HANDOYO; SOEMARNO SOEMARNO; SUDARTO SUDARTO; LUCHMAN HAKIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250615

Abstract

Abstract. Handoyo F, Soemarno, Sudarto, Hakim L. 2024. Bird diversity rate as variable of land use change protection scenario using a system dynamics approach. Biodiversitas 25: 2463-2477. The existence of enclave villages in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java, Indonesia raises concerns about land use changes in the conservation areas. This study analyzed the position of bird diversity rate as a variable in system dynamics modeling. Data from the results of the stock flow diagram simulation, which consists of the bird diversity rate variable, along with other variables, are references used for assessing answers regarding efforts to protect conservation areas through several scenarios. The aim of this study was to predict the best scenario for the protection of national park areas that include the bird diversity rate as a variable. Bird species observations at 2 sites found 21 families and 34 species out of 135 total recorded individuals. The diversity index (H') is relatively high, the Evenness Index (E) is relatively evenly distributed between species. The Margallef Richness Index (R) at location 1 is classified as medium and location 2 is classified as low. The simulation results of stock flow diagram model (2015-2050) shows that the national park area, decreased. Measurements of bird diversity rate have also decreased. The best interventions seen in scenario 2 and scenario 3 have a good impact on reducing land use change. Protection of national park areas in scenario 3 can increase bird species diversity rate by up to 76% by implementing important actions in ecosystem improvement.
Ethnoecology of home garden landscapes on Seliu Island, Belitung District, Indonesia DOKI EFENDI; TATIK CHIKMAWATI; SULISTIJORINI SULISTIJORINI; NINA RATNA DJUITA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250347

Abstract

Abstract. Efendi D, Chikmawati T, Sulistijorini, Djuita NR. 2024. Ethnoecology of home garden landscapes on Seliu Island, Belitung District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1304-1319. Seliu Island, Belitung District, Indonesia, once famous for its copra production, is now a popular tourist destination for its mangoes. People on this island use many plants from their home gardens, but more information about the diversity of plants in the landscape needs to be presented. This study explored the ethnoecology of the home garden landscape on Seliu Island to determine vegetation cover and its role. Research methods include interviews, cruising, and purposive sampling for vegetation inventory to calculate the Importance Value Index (IVI). The research results showed that 119 species belonging to 58 families were identified as growing in Seliu Island home gardens. Based on the habit type, herbaceous plants are the mostly found. Based on the aspect of utilization, medicinal plants are the most found plants. Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. had the highest IVI (14.65). People use seven parts of plants for medicinal purposes, and the leaves are the most widely used part. Home gardens on Seliu Island have social, economic, cultural, and ecological functions. Plant diversity in home gardens on Seliu Island must be preserved and improved, considering that Seliu Island is separated from the main island, Belitung Island, so plants' availability must be maintained.
Assessment of the current condition and ontogenetic structure of the populations of Leontice incerta Pall. (Berberidaceae) in the Kyzyl-Kum Desert, Uzbekistan NODIRJON BOBOKANDOV; ZEBUNISSO NOMOZOVA; YIGITALI TASHPULATOV; ELDOR ISOMOV; AKBAR AKHMEDOV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250646

Abstract

Abstract. Bobokandov N, Nomozova Z, Tashpulatov Y, Isomov E, Akhmedov A. 2024. Assessment of the current condition and ontogenetic structure of the populations of Leontice incerta Pall. (Berberidaceae) in the Kyzyl-Kum Desert, Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 25: 2757-2764. The desert ecosystems of central Asia, including Uzbekistan, have a rich biodiversity and unique plant communities. High human pressure and long drought periods due to climate change have caused habitat destruction in these areas and a parallel crisis in vegetation cover. This study aimed to estimate the current population of Leontice incerta Pall., primarily distributed in the Kyzyl-Kum Desert, Uzbekistan. This focal species grew under climatic changes and human pressure in the Kyzyl-Kum Desert. The study identified five populations of L. incerta in the Kyzyl-Kum Desert. All 5 populations were estimated and measured by delta-omega and the population spectrum was determined. In the plant community, there are mostly dominated by Asteraceae (6 species), followed by Fabaceae (5 species), Amaranthaceae (4 species), Lamiaceae (4 species), Apiaceae (3 species), and other families. The plant communities consist of 49 species, including 1 species of tree, 6 species of shrubs, 6 species of semi-shrubs, 26 species of perennial herbs, and 10 species of annual herbs. The ontogenetic structure was incomplete, that is, it did not include all age groups due to biological features and harsh conditions. At all sites, the population density was low with most populations classified as young ontogenetic structures. The results will make it possible to understand estimating the current state of L. incerta. It indicated this species might, soon, become rare in the wild, therefore conservation and protection areas for this focal species are necessary.
The use of 18S rRNA for identification of the first record of Tadpole Shrimp Lepidurus apus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Jordan SAQR ABUSHATTAL; HUSSEIN ALNASARAT; SULAIMAN M. ALNAIMAT; EHAB EID
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250338

Abstract

Abstract. Abushattal S, Alnasarat H, Alnaimat SM, Eid E. 2024. The use of 18S rRNA for identification of the first record of Tadpole Shrimp Lepidurus apus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Jordan. Biodiversitas 25: 1223-1229. The tadpole shrimps are living fossils that survive in temporary water pools and are considered benthic organisms that swim and feed on tiny organisms. Two genera of tadpole shrimps exist worldwide: Triops and Lepidurus, which share similar ecological niches and habitats but never coincide. The occurrence of the tadpole shrimp Lepidurus apus in Jordan was confirmed for the first time using the 18S rRNA Gene-Based PCR Assay. The experimental approach encompassed the amplification of biological specimens utilizing a universal amplicon measuring approximately 1,500 base pairs (bp), specifically targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Subsequently, the acquired sequences underwent scrutiny through BlastN search against the GenBank database for validation and comparative analysis. Genetic analysis was needed to define the species accurately, especially with tadpole shrimp's generally high morphological variability. This species was recorded in a temporary freshwater pool in the desert of Al-Jafr in Ma’an governorate in southern Jordan. The DNA analysis showed a 100% identical sequence of the 18S rRNA gene with Lepidurus apus sequences. This record is important due to the ecological role of the tadpole shrimps as filter feeders, consuming algae, bacteria, and other small particles of organic matter, and as a food source for various fish, birds, and other aquatic animals. In addition, it will pave the way for future research to identify its economic importance, such as its role in mosquito control and its potential role in aquaculture. Finally, tadpole shrimp are sensitive to environmental changes and could be used to indicate climatic changes and habitat degradation. This is mainly due to their sensitivity to changes in water quality, including temperature, pH, and chemical composition, and their niche requirements for survival and reproduction. In addition, monitoring tadpole shrimp distribution and comparing it with historical records can reveal patterns of climate-induced range shifts.
Community structure of sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) resources in the Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Indonesia NAZWA AYUNDA HELMIYANI; SURYANTI SURYANTI; FRIDA PURWANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250140

Abstract

Abstract. Helmiyani NA, Suryanti S, Purwanti F. 2024. Community structure of sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) resources in the Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 344-354. Kepulauan Seribu National Park has several types of commercial sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Many local and foreign communities take sea cucumbers from nature without paying attention to habitat conditions. This phenomenon causes a decrease in the availability of sea cucumbers. This research was carried out to help stabilize the sea cucumber ecosystem and its availability to be considered for its sustainability. This research was conducted in May-June 2023, at Kelapa Dua Island and Panjang Kecil Island in the Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Jakarta, Indonesia. Sampling was carried out using the field observation method, where the location points were determined by adjusting where the sea cucumber habitat was located. Sampling points were carried out on two islands, each island was assigned 4 station points, with the total number of stations on both islands being 8 station points. Sampling was carried out using perpendicular transect lines, divided into 3 zones. The data analyzed includes the Index of Diversity, Evenness, Dominance and Density. Based on the results 12 species were obtained from both islands, with the genera Holothuria, Stichopus, Bohadschia, Actinopyga, and Synapta. The highest density is at station 3 Kelapa Dua Island, with a density value of 0.57 (ind/m2), and the lowest density is at station 1 Panjang Kecil Island with a value of 0.14 (ind/m2). The results show a moderate diversity value, a low Dominance value, and a small evenness value, while the water quality result value can be said to be good because it has a value according to the survival quality standards for sea cucumbers in marine waters.
Characterization of melon (var Sky Rocket) peel pectin using microwave-assisted extraction at different powers and extraction times NUR AINI; IFTITAH SYAWALIYAH HERDAWAN; BUDI SUSTRIAWAN; RETNO SETYAWATI; RULLY EKO KUSUMA KURNIAWAN; NAGEEB MOHAMMED SULIMAN; HADANA SABILA ARSYISTAWA; INDARTO INDARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250421

Abstract

Abstract. Aini N, Herdawan IS, Sustriawan B, Setyawati R, Kurniawan REK, Suliman NM, Arsyistawa HS, Indarto. 2024. Characterization of melon (var Sky Rocket) peel pectin using microwave-assisted extraction at different powers and extraction times. Biodiversitas 25: 1528-1535. Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide molecule that can be used as a thickening agent due to its ability to bind large amounts of water. Pectin can be obtained from fruit peels containing pectic compounds, one of which is melon. A modern extraction technique such as Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) is appropriate because it requires a relatively short time and lower costs. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of power and time on the pectin extraction from melon peel using microwave-assisted extraction. Sample preparation was done by drying the melon peel and then crushing and sieving it to produce melon peel powder. The powder was extracted using combinations of various microwave power of 180 (D1), 270 (D2), and 360 (D3) watts and extraction time variations of 3 (W1), 5 (W2), and 7 (W3) minutes. The results showed that the best treatment combination was extraction using microwave power of 270 watts for 3 minutes, which produced melon peel pectin with a yield of 6.4%, moisture content of 8.85%, ash content of 7.73%, equivalent weight of 1,810.07 mg, methoxyl content of 2.46%, galacturonic acid content of 95.74%, and degree of esterification of 22.02%. Melon peel, usually considered waste, can be used more optimally as a source of pectin.
Floristic composition of mangrove community in Ngurah Rai Forest Park and Nusa Lembongan, Bali, Indonesia I MADE SAKA WIJAYA; I PUTU SUGIANA; IDA AYU ASTARINI; I KETUT GINANTRA; KHAIRUL ADHA A. RAHIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250134

Abstract

Abstract. Wijaya IMS, Sugiana IP, Astarini IA, Ginantra IK, Rahim KAA. 2024. Floristic composition of mangrove community in Ngurah Rai Forest Park and Nusa Lembongan, Bali - Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 300-309. The floristic composition of mangroves can be influenced by various factors, one of which is the size of the island. In Bali, Ngurah Rai Forest Park is one of the mangrove areas in the mainland of Bali, while Nusa Lembongan on the southeastern mainland represents the mangrove on the small island. This research aimed to study the floristic composition of the mangrove species in Ngurah Rai Forest Park and Nusa Lembongan based on the species diversity and the structure of mangrove community. Based on the explorative method, both locations have 20 true mangrove species cumulatively, with 18 species in Ngurah Rai Forest Park and 15 species in Nusa Lembongan. The mangrove community structure is majorly composed by Sonneratia alba and Rhizophora (R. apiculata, R. mucronata, and R. stylosa) in trees, saplings, and seedlings. Sonneratia alba has more impact in relative dominance, while the Rhizophora has more impact in relative density. Based on the Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity, the mangrove community status is Moderate in both locations in all growth forms (trees, saplings, and seedlings). The Index of Dominance and Index of Evenness indicates the mangrove community is in stable condition with no extremely dominated species and fairly even species distribution. The mangrove condition is categorized as Good with Dense Trees based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment number 201 of 2004.
Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter species isolated from commercially sold steak (beef) and raw cow milk in Abakaliki, Nigeria NNABUIFE BERNARD AGUMAH; MUSTOFA HELMI EFFENDI; ADIANA MUTAMSARI WITANINGRUM; WIWIEK TYASNINGSIH; EMMANUEL NNABUIKE UGBO; CHINEKWU SHERRIDAN NWAGWU; IFUNANYA AGATHA UGBO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250306

Abstract

Abstract. Agumah NB, Effendi MH, Witaningrum AM, Tyasningsih W, Ugbo EN, Nwagwu CS, Ugbo IA. 2024. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter species isolated from commercially sold steak (beef) and raw cow milk in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Biodiversitas 25: 950-956. This study aimed to ascertain antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter species isolated from commercially sold steak (Beef) and raw cow milk in Abakaliki. Pools of milk samples and steak were bought at various outlets and analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Results showed that two species of Campylobacter, namely Campylobacter coli, were isolated from the samples. In raw cow milk, Campylobacter coli had a frequency of 65% higher than Campylobacter jejuni (20%). While in steak, C. coli was 34.53% higher than C. jejuni (19.10%). The antibiotic susceptibility profile for C. coli isolated from raw cow milk ranged from 61.54% to 100%, especially for trimethoprim and cephalexin. Resistance ranged from 0.00 to 38.46%. The highest resistance was recorded for tetracycline. The antibiotic susceptibility profile for C. coli isolated from steak recorded susceptibility values ranging from 60.53% to 86.84%. Cephalexin had the highest effect on C. coli isolates from steak. Resistance values ranging from 13.16% to 42.11% were recorded with Nalidixic acid as the least effective antibiotic. C. jejuni isolated from cow raw milk, susceptibility ranging from 0.00% to 100% was recorded, especially for Cefotaxime, Imipenem, Cephalexin, and Nalidixic acid. Resistance ranged from 0.00% to 100%, especially for Chloramphenicol and Kanamycin. For C. jejuni, susceptibility values ranged from 26.57% to 85.71%, with imipenem presenting the highest effect. Resistance values ranged from 23.81% to 71.43%. Gentamycin had the least effect. Adequate sanitation, personal hygiene, and appropriate use of antibiotics are highly recommended for food handlers and farmers to safeguard human health by reducing AMR challenges, even in milk and meat/meat products.
The first report of dark septate endophytes from Indonesian Pinus merkusii and its symbiosis role as a plant growth promoter in nursery condition JUMADIL AKHIR; ELIS NINA HERLIYANA; SURONO SURONO; SRI WILARSO BUDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250136

Abstract

Abstract. Akhir J, Herliyana EN, Surono, Budi SW. 2024. The first report of dark septate endophytes from Indonesian Pinus merkusii and its symbiosis role as a plant growth promoter in nursery condition. Biodiversitas 25: 312-321. To encourage the healthy growth of Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese seedlings at the seedling stage, Dark Septate Endophytic (DSE) fungi were used as growth promoters. In this study, four DSE strains, i.e., Apls 1.5.3, Pls 32.1, Hs14.6a, and Hs14.6c isolated from P. merkusii roots, were tested for their ability to stimulate the growth of P. merkusii seedlings. After 14 weeks of incubation in nursery conditions, P. merkusii seedlings inoculated with four DSE strains experienced a higher increase in height and stem diameter when compared to the control treatment. Overall, the biomass results of P. merkusii seedlings treated with the DSE strains performed better than those of the control. Root colonization of P. merkusii seedlings showed that the 4 DSE strains significantly outperformed the control. The Hs14.6c strain outperformed the other strains and controls regarding nutrient (nitrogen) uptake. The findings of this study are the first to show that the DSE Apls 1.5.3 strain is similar to Cylindroccarpon, the Hs14.6a and Hs14.6c strains are similar to Cladophialophora sp., and the Pls 32.1 strain is similar to Oncopodiella trigonella based on identification results and phylogenetic trees and can be in symbiosis with seeds of P. merkusii, a pine species native to Indonesia.

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