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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Identification of chili varieties (Capsicum annum) tolerance to root cutting based on stress selection indices and morphological traits planted in lowland area SARLIN KUSUMANINGRUM; ENDANG SULISTYANINGSIH; RUDI HARIMURTI; KUMALA DEWI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250524

Abstract

Abstract. Kusumaningrum S, Sulistyaningsih E, Harimurti R, Dewi K. 2024. Identification of chili varieties (Capsicum annum) tolerance to root cutting based on stress selection indices and morphological traits planted in lowland area. Biodiversitas 25: 2063-2073. Root cutting is a potential technique for inducing root growth to increase chili yield. A set of four lowland chili varieties were evaluated under root cutting to identify tolerant variety. Stress selection indices such as stress tolerant level (TOL), Stress Susceptible Index (SSI), Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Yield Stability Index (YSI) and morphological traits responses were employed in screening of the variety. The research was arranged in randomized complete block design factorial, where the first factor was the lowland chili varieties ('Tanjung', 'Lembang-1', 'Tanjung-2', 'Ungara'), and the second factor was period of root cutting (0, 8, and 0 + 8 weeks after transplanting and no root cutting). The results showed that 'Kencana', 'Lembang-1', 'Ungara' were identified as the tolerant group under root cutting treatment and 'Tanjung-2' was identified as the intolerant group based on chili yield and stress selection indices. The tolerant group had chili yield increment under root cutting (0, and 8 WAT), which related to high root morphological traits (root diameter, root length, root surface area, and root dry weight density). Root cutting at 8 WAT gave the highest chili yield in tolerant group. The increased root growth in the tolerant group was contributed to promote shoot morphological traits (leaf number, leaf area, and plant height). Root cutting treatment in the intolerant group caused chili yield decrement, which was related to no increment of the root and shoot morphological traits. It was concluded that root cutting treatment at 8 WAT on tolerant group ('Kencana', 'Lembang-1', 'Ungara') can be used to increase chili yield in lowland areas.
The investigation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer on the productivity of various Sorghum bicolor varieties EKA HANDAYANTA; FAROUQ HEIDAR BARIDO; SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250850

Abstract

Abstract. Handayanta E, Barido FH, Samanhudi. 2024. The investigation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer on the productivity of various Sorghum bicolor varieties. Biodiversitas 25: 2763-2768. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a unique cereal crop characterized by its regenerative capacity post-harvest, with varieties including Super, Suri, Numbu, and Keller. This investigation sought to elucidate the impact of varying fertilizer levels on the forage productivity of these sorghum varieties. The experiment employed was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a 4×5 factorial arrangement and three replications. The first factor comprised the sorghum varieties (V1 = Super, V2 = Suri, V3 = Numbu, V4 = Keller), while the second factor pertained to the levels of NPK fertilizer (P0 = 0 kg/ha, P1 = 173 kg/ha, P2 = 346 kg/ha, P3 = 519 kg/ha, P4 = 692 kg/ha). Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and significant differences were further analyzed using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The study concluded that while there was no interaction between the sorghum variety and NPK fertilization levels, the sorghum variety significantly influenced (P<0.05) protein and crude fat production but not dry matter and crude fiber production (P>0.05). The NPK fertilization levels significantly affected (P<0.05) the production of dry matter, protein, fat, and crude fiber. The study deduced that a 692 kg/ha fertilization dose yielded the highest dry matter, protein content, crude fat, and crude fiber production.
Micromorphology characterization of crystal calcium carbonate and exopolysaccharides quantification carbonatogenic bacterial LTP4-d isolated from historical painting of Maros-Pangkep karst area, Indonesia NUR AFIFAH ZHAFIRAH; NUR HAEDAR; SLAMET SENTOSA; FUAD GANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250532

Abstract

Abstract. Zhafirah NA, Haedar N, Sentosa S, Gani F. 2024. Micromorphology characterization of crystal calcium carbonate and exopolysaccharides quantification carbonatogenic bacterial LTP4-d isolated from historical painting of Maros-Pangkep karst area, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2139-2147. Indonesia possesses the second-largest limestone/karst region globally, trailing only China. Among Indonesia’s limestone region, the Maros-Pangkep karst area in South Sulawesi stands out which obtained prehistoric rock art dating back at least 45.5 thousand years ago. However, over time, those paintings have begun to deteriorate due to many causes, one of which caused by overlayering of the deposition of calcium carbonate precipitates covering the surface of the paintings. This can occur due to the presence of microorganism with the ability to precipitate calcium carbonate on the surface of those paintings. Microorganism that have the ability to precipitate calcium carbonate are usually known as carbonatogenic bacteria or ureolytic bacteria. This study aimed to isolate the carbonatogenic bacteria and then assess how effectively it precipitates calcium carbonate, also to determine the production of EPS and characteristic micro-morfology of CaCO3 produced by carbonatogenic bacteria isolated from historical painting of Maros-Pangkep karst, Indonesia. Results showed that sixty bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from prehistoric paintings in Maros-Pangkep karst, which 24 isolates were confirmed as carbonatogenic bacteria. The highest amount of CaCO3 precipitate was recorded from LTP4-d isolates which able to precipitate 37.62±0.12 mgmL-1 calcium carbonate. The highest amounts of ammonia and EPS production were also from LTP4-d. The SEM results showed that CaCO3 precipitate from LTP4-d has a type of vaterite with element contents including C 0.32%; O 15.24%; Ca 84.53%. This study presents novel findings on the capability of carbonatogenic bacteria from prehistoric paintings in Maros-Pangkep karst to induce calcium carbonate precipitation which can be utilized as a reference for repairing and preserving prehistoric paintings found in the Maros-Pangkep karst area.
Yield performance and anthocyanin content of several purple-fleshed sweet potato clones grown in two locations in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia I G. B. ADWITA ARSA; YOSEP S. MAU; ANTONIUS S. S. NDIWA; Y. R. Y. GANDUT; LILY F. ISHAQ; I NYOMAN W. MAHAYASA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250546

Abstract

Abstract. Arsa IGBA, Mau YS, Ndiwa ASS, Gandut YRY, Ishaq LF, Mahayasa INW. 2024. Yield performance and anthocyanin content of several purple-fleshed sweet potato clones grown in two locations in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2276-2289. Several promising purple-fleshed sweet potato hybrid clones were identified to have high yield potential and, thus, can be evaluated for other superior traits and later be further processed for varietal registration and release. This study aimed to determine the tuber yield performance and anthocyanin content of several purple-fleshed sweet potato clones across two locations and to identify the best clones based on mean performance and stability. The study was conducted in the farmer's field in two different altitudes in West Timor, i.e., Mata Air Village, Kupang District (86 masl) and Netpala Village, Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) District (1,090 masl) from April to September 2023. Six purple-fleshed sweet potato clones/varieties were assigned as treatment. The experiment was laid out in a complete block design in each location, and each treatment consisted of three replicates. Observed data included fresh storage root yield, number of storage roots per plant, storage root length, storage root tuber diameter, and tuber anthocyanin content. Observed data from the two trial locations were subjected to a combined ANOVA, cluster analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and GGE biplot analysis. The results showed that the genotype-by-location interaction effect was significant in all studied traits. Meanwhile, location or genotype significantly affected all traits except for the location, which did not significantly affect the anthocyanin content. The storage root yield ranged from ~19.95 t ha-1 to ~49.33 t ha-1, while the anthocyanin content ranged from ~28,64 mg/100 g to ~157,65 mg/100 g. The ranks of the tested genotypes based on the mean performance and stability are Undana UJ 7>Undana UJ 1>JPV-1>Antin 3>Undana UJ 6>Undana UJ 3 for storage root yield and JPV-1>Antin 3>Undana UJ 7>Undana UJ 6>Undana UJ 3>Undana UJ 1 for anthocyanin content.
Prey conditions, food habits, and their relationship to the catch of Penaeus merguensis De Man, 1888 in the waters of Merauke District, Indonesia BONNY LANTANG; NAJAMUDDIN NAJAMUDDIN; ALFA FILEP PETRUS NELWAN; MUHAMMAD FARID SAMAWI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250424

Abstract

Abstract. Lantang B, Najamuddin, Nelwan AFP, Samawi MF. 2024. Prey conditions, food habits, and their relationship to the catch of Penaeus merguensis De Man, 1888 in the waters of Merauke District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1554-1569. The study of the food habits of commercial crustaceans, namely Penaeus merguensis De Man 1888 in the waters of Merauke District was limited. Hence, research related to this was needed. For this reason, the study aims to analyze the prey fragment, prawn food habits, and their relationship to the catch based on differences in habitat types in the coastal waters of Merauke District. Data measuring oceanographic parameters, gastric contents samples of banana prawn (P. merguensis), mollusk samples, and catches were taken twice monthly in five habitats from March 2022 to March 2023. The results showed that for the fragmentation of prey, namely microalgae, 76.12% was found intact, while mollusks were found 97.46% not intact or dismembered. Mangrove leaves, macrophytes, prawn larvae, and fish larvae were found to be 100% incomplete or dismembered. Microalgae and mollusks were the main food in estuarial habitats and sandy beaches in Lampu Satu. While in mangrove habitats in Yobar, sandy beaches in Payum, and mangrove habitats in Bokem, the main food is mollusks, and complementary foods are microalgae. Mangrove leaves, macrophytes, prawns, and fish larvae were found only as supplementary food in all habitats. This was related to the availability of food that varies in each habitat. The catch increased with the discovery of the food habits of mollusks.
Profiling of the intestinal microbiota of stunted children in Semarang, Indonesia R. SUSANTI; INTAN ZAENAFREE; WULAN CHRISTIJANTI; DEWI MUSTIKANINGTYAS; ARI YUNIASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250350

Abstract

Abstract. Susanti R, Zaenafreee I, Christijanti W, Mustikaningtyas D, Yuniastuti A. 2024. Profiling of the intestinal microbiota of stunted children in Semarang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1337-1343. Stunting is a top global health priority. Gut microbiota profiles correlate with growth biomarkers, including stunting. This study aims to profile the intestinal microbiota of stunted children in Semarang, Indonesia. This research is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design, conducted on children aged 3-3.5 years with stunting and normal nutritional status in Bandarharjo Village, North Semarang District, Semarang City, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Fecal samples were collected, kept in a cooler box, and taken to the laboratory to be analyzed for pH, worm eggs, Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (AAT) levels, and microbiota profile. Microbial DNA was extracted from stool samples. The diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota were determined using the 16S rRNA V3-V4 gene marker region. The diversity and abundance of the intestinal microbiota of stunted children are smaller than those of non-stunted children. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in intestinal stunting is 96.45, while in healthy, it is 26.05. The intestinal microbes of healthy children were dominated by Lactobacillus rhamnosus (30.92%) and Bifidobacterium breve (21.49%). The intestinal microbiota of stunted children is dominated by the bacterial species Blautia obeum (23.5%) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (19.13%). The concentration of AAT in the feces of stunted children is higher (75.49±7.68) than that of healthy children (26.73±4.48). The pH value of the feces of stunted children was higher (6.84±0.31) than that of healthy children (6.29±0.43). In conclusion, the composition of the microbiota indicates a condition of dysbiosis in intestinally stunted children. The intestines of stunted children may experience inflammation based on data on higher pH values, higher AAT levels, and deficiencies in bacterial species that benefit the host.
Soil depth constraints in the revegetation of reclaimed coal mine land WAHJUNI HARTATI; SYAHRINUDIN SYAHRINUDIN; TRIYONO SUDARMADJI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250454

Abstract

Abstract. Hartati W, Syahrinudin, Sudarmadji T. 2024. Soil depth constraints in the revegetation of reclaimed coal mine land. Biodiversitas 25: 1838-1845. Plants require adequate root space, nutrients, water, and air for optimal growth. This study analyzed the relationship between plant growth (i.e., diameter) and soil properties (i.e., thickness, organic matter content, texture) on revegetated post-coal mining land in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Field research was conducted at revegetated area primarily planted with four species (Hibiscus tiliaceus, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Samanea saman and Acacia sp.) with age of 8 years. Data was collected from 30 plots of 0.05 ha. Plant diameter were recorded and soil samples were taken from 0-10, 10-30, and >30 cm depths using soil auger at three points per plot. Organic matter content was determined by the Walkley-Black method, and texture by the Pipette method. Multiple regression analysis was used to used to investigate the relationship between plant diameter and soil properties. The study found that different species showed varying correlations between soil properties and growth. Acacia sp. and S. saman exhibited strong correlations (r=0.78), while E. cyclocarpum had a low correlation (r=0.35), and H. tiliaceus a moderate one (r=0.49). Soil thickness had a stronger influence on H. tiliaceus (?=0.05) and S. saman (?=0.01) than other tested properties. For some species, diameter growth was primarily determined by soil thickness in the revegetated area. The study highlights the importance of considering species-specific soil requirements for successful revegetation and plant growth on post-coal mining sites.
Antibacterial and biosurfactant activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from mangrove plant in Lamongan, Indonesia FATIMAH FATIMAH; NAZIL DWI RAHAYUNINGTYAS; ALIFAH NASTITI; DELA DWI ALAWIYAH; RICO RAMADHAN; ALMANDO GERALDI; JUNAIRIAH JUNAIRIAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250725

Abstract

Abstract. Fatimah, Rahayuningtyas ND, Nastiti A, Alawiyah DD, Ramadhan E, Geraldi A, Junairiah. 2024. Antibacterial and biosurfactant activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from mangrove plant in Lamongan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3035-3042. This study aims to determine the antibacterial and biosurfactant activity of 61 endophytic bacteria from mangrove plants in Kutang Lamongan Beach. Antibacterial screening of supernatant of endophytic bacteria was performed using the disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The most potent isolate was identified using 16s rRNA. The chemical compounds of the most potent isolate were identified using GC-MS analysis. The data were analyzed descriptively. Biosurfactant activity was also performed on the most potential isolate. All the isolates showed inhibitory zones against E. coli and S. aureus. Isolate LMG-2 produced the highest antimicrobial activity, averaging 9.57±0.4 mm against E. coli and 8.87±0.36 mm against S. aureus. The biosurfactant activity of LMG-2 isolate produced a surface tension of 39.09+0.49 mN/m and emulsification activity of 65.03+0.03% against kerosene, 47.63+0.10% against crude oil and 46.53+0.27 to diesel. The isolate LMG-2 had 98,41% similarity with the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain NBRC 15535 with a query cover of 100%. The biosurfactant extract contains 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, (E)-, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) methyl ester, and 9,12,15-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester. These compounds, known as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs), were integral components of biosurfactants, surface-active agents produced by microorganisms.
Phylogenetic analysis of Dengue virus and insect-specific Flavivirus in Aedes aegypti from Gresik, Indonesia 2019 RASYID NOOR HAKIM; MAMIK DAMAYANTI; SHIFA FAUZIYAH; TEGUH HARI SUCIPTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250602

Abstract

Abstract. Hakim RN, Damayanti M, Fauziyah S, Sucipto TH. 2024. Phylogenetic analysis of Dengue virus and insect-specific Flavivirus in Aedes aegypti from Gresik, Indonesia 2019. Biodiversitas 25: 2340-2347. The spread of several Flaviviruses, such as Dengue virus and insect-specific Flavivirus, is periodically detected in Indonesia, including Surabaya, which is an endemic area. Gresik, as one of Surabaya's satellite cities, has high traffic mobility between regions, increasing the possibility of viral transmission. In this study, we identified Flaviviruses from Aedes aegypti mosquito isolates from Gresik collected in 2019. We also revealed the possibility of virus transmission from Surabaya to Gresik. The mosquito samples were collected using mosquito trap method. The Flavivirus Partial Nonstructural Protein 5 (NS5) -encoding gene region was isolated via the nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were carried out to determine the kinship of Gresik strain virus isolates with the GenBank database. The results revealed that six out of 29 isolated samples (Sample from Duduk Sampeyan (47 and 43), Mengare (212 and 31), Kedamean (58), and Manyar (38)) exhibited a 220 bp DNA band, which corresponds to the NS5 gene. Further analysis using basic local alignment search tool - nucleotide and phylogenetic methods revealed that two sample sequences (38 and 212) are closely related to DENV-1 genotype 1, while the other four (31, 43, 47, and 58) are associated with Insect-Spesific Flavivirus (ISF). The similarity in NS5 partial sequence and genotype classifications of the dengue virus suggests the potential transmission of the virus from Surabaya to Gresik. We hypothesize that this phenomenon is closely linked to the population mobility between the two areas.
Microbial consortium formulation in liquid organic fertilizer for managing bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae), rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae), and enhancing rice productivity SUHARTININGSIH DWI NURCAHYANTI; RACHMI MASNILAH; SUBHAN ARIF BUDIMAN; AHMAD ILHAM TANZIL; ANGGI ANWAR HENDRA NURDIKA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250539

Abstract

Abstract. Nurcahyanti SD, Masnilah R, Budiman SA, Tanzil AI, Nurdika AAH. 2024. Microbial consortium formulation in liquid organic fertilizer for managing bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae), rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae), and enhancing rice productivity. Biodiversitas 25: 2208-2220. The productivity of rice is significantly influenced by soil fertility and plant diseases as limiting factors. The overreliance on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in rice cultivation has led to declining land quality. We propose the utilization of Liquid Organic Fertilizers (LOF) enriched with beneficial microbes as a sustainable solution to maintain soil fertility and protect plants from pathogens. Our research specifically focuses on the formulation of LOF enriched with the microbial consortium to enhance rice productivity and suppress bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae), and rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) diseases. The three LOF treatments were formulated from vegetable and fruit waste (FV), Rice Straw (RS), and Cattle Manure (CM) with a microbial consortium consisting of Pseudomonas putida Pf10, Bacillus subtilis JB12, and Trichoderma sp. The results showed that the LOF from the three materials is suitable for the growth of the microbial consortium with a population of 104-109 CFU/mL, has macro-micronutrient content, pH at 6.5-6.8, and C-organic to support plant growth. The applications of the three types of LOF were able to suppress the severity of bacterial leaf blight by up to 21% and rice blast by 4% at eight weeks after inoculation. All LOF treatments are capable of enhancing the growth and production of rice. There were no significant differences in LOF materials for disease suppression, growth, and rice production.

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