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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Christmas tree worm Spirobranchus spp. (Annelida: Serpulidae) as indicators of coral health at Weh Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia AFKAR AFKAR; TERNALA ALEXANDER BARUS; ARLEN HANEL JOHN; MUHAMMAD ALI SARONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250445

Abstract

Abstract. Afkar, Barus TA, John AH, Sarong MA. 2024. Christmas tree worm Spirobranchus spp. (Annelida: Serpulidae) as indicators of coral health at Weh Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1743-1753. The research was conducted along 300-m long transects at 3 and 7 m depth in Beurawang Waters, Weh Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia, which aimed to analyze the association of christmas tree worms (Polychaeta: Serpulidae: Spirobranchus) with coral health conditions and determine the impact of their presence on the coral reef ecosystem. On average, Spirobranchus individuals were more commonly found at 3 m than at 7 m depth. Spirobranchus was found to be most associated with massive corals of the genus Porites. Spirobranchus tends to be most abundant in damaged coral reef colonies, which suggests that coral conditions could worsen if the abundance of Spirobranchus worms increases. Statistical analysis also shows an association between the abundance of Spirobranchus and the condition of coral reefs, with a 'strong' relationship value of 0.611. Therefore, it is necessary to consider coral transplantation as an effort to repair damaged coral substrates in Beurawang Waters.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Philippine strawberry germplasm based on genome-wide simple sequence repeat markers VENUS H. ELEC; CHARLES ANTHON E. CADORNA; BELINDA A. TAD-AWAN; DARWIN A. BASQUIAL; MILAGROS R. DUMASLAN; JESSICA D. REY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250718

Abstract

Abstract. Elec VH, Cadorna CAE, Tad-Awan BA, Basquial DA, Dumaslan MR, Rey JD. 2024. Genetic diversity and population structure of Philippine strawberry germplasm based on genome-wide simple sequence repeat markers. Biodiversitas 25: 2969-2979. Strawberry is a globally recognized fruit due to its health benefits and economic significance. Determining the level of genetic diversity and the relationship between germplasm resources involved in the breeding program is critical for effective crop improvement strategies. This study used 197 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 24 strawberry  germplasm  from  the Benguet State University (BSU) collection. In this study, 70% of the markers used were polymorphic with reproducible fragments. A total of 792 alleles were detected, with an average of six per marker. The diversity indices indicated an intermediate level of diversity among the germplasm based on the Jaccard coefficient. Results from cluster analysis generated three groups, separating the Red Milky Way and Summer Princess cultivars from the rest of the germplasm evaluated, while a third cluster was further divided into six subgroups. Furthermore, identified clustering patterns of the evaluated genotypes showed independence from the region of origin, coinciding with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and population structure analysis results. This study reveals the genetic diversity level and population structure of the strawberry cultivars in the Philippines using SSR markers, facilitating accurate identification and informed parental selection for breeding objectives.
Review: Status of wild elephant, conflict and conservation actions in Thailand RONGLARP SUKMASUANG; NARIS PHUMPAKPHAN; PRATEEP DEUNGKAE; RATTANAWAT CHAIYARAT; MANANYA PLA-ARD; NORASET KHIOWSREE; KHWANRUTAI CHARASPET; PAANWARIS PAANSRI; JESADA NOOWONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250416

Abstract

Abstract. Sukmasuang R, Phumpakphan N, Deungkae P, Chaiyarat R, Pla-Ard M, Khiowsree N, Charaspet K, Paansri P, Noowong J. 2024. Review: Status of wild elephant, conflict and conservation actions in Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 1479-1498. This study comprehensively reviewed various aspects of population status, distribution, conflict situations, and conservation strategies for managing human-elephant conflicts (HECs). The primary goal is to foster a clear understanding of the current status, issues, and problem-solving approaches to benefit elephant conservation and management. The key element in elephant conservation is the acceptance of the coexistence between humans and elephants in their respective areas. Managing overlapping areas between humans and elephants is crucial for conservation efforts. A major concern is that elephants venture outside protected areas, increasing risk to both human and elephant populations. Therefore, enhancing the efficiency of conflict management is of the utmost importance to the long-term survival of elephants. This study revealed that vital approaches for managing elephant populations in Thailand include designating conservation areas as the foundation for long-term elephant conservation. In addition, habitat management at the population level, implementing compensation schemes, establishing community-based monitoring groups in conflict areas, improving conflict management practices, and decentralizing decision-making processes in conservation efforts are critical. Other essential elements of successful conservation and management in Thailand include setting population targets for elephants in each conservation area, with the goal of effective management. This was supported by research, community collaboration, decentralization, and performance evaluation to gauge the success of implemented measures in reducing HECs by assessing the number of conflict incidents and fatalities for both humans and elephants. This suggests the need for a fundamental reform of the elephant conservation policy.
Species diversity and distribution of Odonata in Brgy. Rogongon, Iligan City, Philippines DENMAR D. MAGSALAY; OLGA M. NUÑEZA; REAGAN JOSEPH T. VILLANUEVA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251228

Abstract

Abstract. Magsalay DD, Nuñeza OM, Villanueva RJT. 2024. Species diversity and distribution of Odonata in Brgy. Rogongon, Iligan City, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 4909-4919. Odonata is an insect order often utilized as a bioindicator to help determine the health of an ecosystem. The Philippine Odonata is recognized to have high diversity and endemicity, especially the suborder Zygoptera, since its limited range and its habitat distribution are low. This study was conducted to provide baseline information on the species diversity and distribution of Odonata in Brgy. Rogongon, Iligan City, Philippines. The research employed an 'opportunistic method', a strategy that involves collecting data based on the availability of the species, using sweep nets as a collection tool. Therefore, 35 species belonging to 10 families under 25 genera were found. Results showed that the most abundant family is Libellulidae (S = 9), followed by the family Platycnemididae (S = 8). All the study sites showed moderate diversity (H' = 1.73 - 2.75). On the other hand, one endangered, three vulnerable, and two near-threatened Odonata species were recorded in this study. Moreover, the distribution trend of Odonata species along an elevational gradient in the study areas is that species richness and endemism increase until Site 2 (730 to 787 masl) and then decreases as the elevation increases. Factors such as habitat structure and level of disturbances could be the reason for such a trend. Environmental factors such as air temperature, relative humidity, water temperature, water pH, and streamflow affect the distribution and abundance of the Odonata based on the canonical correspondence analysis. Any alteration in the habitat in each study site would be a threat to the population of Odonata. Thus, there is a need to protect the remaining forest of Iligan City, especially since endangered and vulnerable species are present.
The relationship between Bornean orangutans’ (Pongo pygmaeus) population and land cover change in West Kalimantan, Indonesia IDA PARIDA; YANTO SANTOSA; I NENGAH SURATI JAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250453

Abstract

Abstract. Parida I, Santosa Y, Jaya INS. 2024. The relationship between Bornean orangutans’ (Pongo pygmaeus) population and land cover change in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1831-1837. Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus Linnaeus 1760) are critically endangered species under IUCN Red List and classified in Appendix 1 of CITES. Their population is declining, which is largely caused by habitat loss. This study aims to investigate the population dynamics of the Bornean orangutans and changes in land cover in West Kalimantan and to analyze the relationship between the orangutan population and land cover change. Bornean orangutan population data from 2014 to 2019 at four locations (i.e. Belaban, Bukit Semujan Semangit Menyukung Melingkung, Embaloh Sibau watershed and Sungai Putri) were obtained from Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park, Betung Kerihun National Park, Danau Sentarum National Park, and West Kalimantan Natural Resources Conservation Agency, and land cover data were obtained from the Directorate General of Forestry and Environmental Planning of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, land cover analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis to test the relationship between orangutan population and eight variables, namely forest cover, shrubs (secondary regrowth), agriculture cover, open land, water body, road density, river density and settlement density. The results showed that orangutan population in the Bukit Semujan Semangit Menyukung Melingkung and Sungai Putri locations tended to increase. On the other hand, orangutan population in the Belaban and Embaloh Sibau watersheds tended to fluctuate. The land cover in the Belaban, Bukit Semujan Semangit Menyukung Melingkung and Sungai Putri tended to fluctuate, while that in Embaloh Sibau was steady. Bornean orangutan populations have a strong relationship with the extent of forest cover and shrubs. The findings of this study suggest that conserving the remaining forest and shrubs altogether with population monitoring, inventory of feed availability, and forest area patrol are imperative to protect and conserve orangutan population.
Short Communication: A rapid survey of herpetofauna diversity in Bama coastal forest at Baluran National Park, Indonesia ARIF MOHAMMAD SIDDIQ; RETNO WIMBANINGRUM; HARI SULISTIYOWATI; RENDY SETIAWAN; ALVAN SETIAWAN; NANANG DWI WAHONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250550

Abstract

Abstract. Siddiq AM, Wimbaningrum R, Sulistiyowati H, Setiawan R, Setiawan A, Wahono ND. 2024. Short Communication: A rapid survey of herpetofauna diversity in Bama coastal forest at Baluran National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2323-2329. Scientific reports on herpetofauna in Baluran National Park (BNP) are still limited. Meanwhile, several geographical areas, such as the Bama Baluran National Park coastal forest, have potential herpetofauna diversity within this conservation area yet to be reported. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the diversity of herpetofauna species in BNP's Bama coastal forest (BCF). The method was conducted using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) in three tracks, conducted by combining Time Restricted Search (TRS) or using observation time for five hours during the mid-afternoon (06.00 AM-11.00 AM) and four hours at night (07.00 PM-11.00 PM) on each track. This study recorded 17 herpetofauna species, comprising 6 amphibian and 11 reptile species, in the BCF of Baluran National Park. The diversity index of herpetofauna species in this area was moderate category (H’=2.25). Species Fejervarya limnocharis Gravenhorst 1829 (38 individuals) has the highest abundance in the BCF and was found in track 1 (swamp area). Meanwhile, three species have the lowest abundance, such as Kaloula baleata Müller 1836, Microhyla palmipes Boulenger 1897, and Cryptoblepharus balinensis Barbour 1911, with 1 individual in each species.
Autecology of Amorphophallus gigas in Batang Natal Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia RIDAHATI RAMBEY; RAHMAWATY RAHMAWATY; MOHD NAZIP SURATMAN; ABDUL RAUF; ESTHER SORTA MAULI NABABAN; DELVIAN DELVIAN; T. ALIEF ATHTHORICK; MOHD HASMADI ISMAIL; SECA GENDASECA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250908

Abstract

Abstract. Rambey R, Rahmawaty, Suratman MN, Rauf A, Nababan ESM, Delvian, Aththorick TA, Ismail MH, Gendaseca S. 2024. Autecology of Amorphophallus gigas in Batang Natal Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2887-2900. Amorphophallus gigas Teijsm. & Binn., a member of the Araceae family, is distributed across Sumatra, particularly within the Batang Natal watershed of Mandailing Natal District. This plant population thrives significantly under the forest canopy in high-humidity environments, such as a watershed, despite being exposed to certain challenges. The Batang Natal Watershed, spanning 70.5 km and originating in the Batang Natal Sub-district, is frequently subjected to mining activities. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the autecology of A. gigas in the watershed, focusing on factors such as occurrence, associated plant species, vegetation composition, and soil characteristics. The occurrences of A. gigas were identified through direct interviews with the local community, complemented by field collection of coordinate points in five villages. The vegetation around A. gigas habitats was then analyzed using nested sampling with a plot size of 1 ha. There was no A. gigas in Aek Garingging Village despite the reported presence in 2020, while there were nine individuals in each village of Rao-Rao and Lubuk Bondar Panjang and six and three individuals in Bangkelang and Aek Nangali, respectively. There were 63 tree and 39 understory species recorded around the A. gigas habitat. Lubuk Bondar was dominated by Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg. across several strata, with generally low to very low associations. Bangkelang was characterized by Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. in the pole and tree strata, with similarly low associations. In Rao-Rao, Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner was prominent in the seedling and sapling strata, showing low but consistent associations, and Selaginella willdenowii (Desv.) Baker in the understorey had a high positive association. The dominant species in each site typically had low to very low associations with other species, indicating limited ecological connectivity with A. gigas. The spatial distribution of A. gigas suggested a clumped pattern to ensure A. gigas preservation in the Batang Natal Watershed, it is essential to designate the plant's natural habitat as an in situ conservation area.
Intertidal echinoderm identification keys for a reef-walking-tour at Mandalika, Lombok Island, Indonesia IMAM BACHTIAR; ENI SUYANTRI; TRI AYU LESTARI; MUHAMMAD IRSYAD A. GHAFARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250513

Abstract

Abstract. Bachtiar I, Suyantri E, Lestari TA, Ghafari MIA. 2024. Intertidal echinoderm identification keys for a reef-walking-tour at Mandalika, Lombok Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1965-1974. The coastal biodiversity of Lombok Island has not been utilized holistically for tourist destinations. The Special Economic Zone (SEZ) of Mandalika, Central Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia was established on the island's southern coast, designed to be an ecoresort with thousands of super-premium rooms. New tourist attractions are therefore required to fulfill the increasing demands. The present study aims to provide a pre-requisite science to develop a new tourist attraction related to marine biodiversity in intertidal areas. An intertidal reef walking tour will be initiated to add existing ecotourism options on the island. Culturally, the intertidal area is used for reef gleaning and seaweed farming. The gleaning tradition has the potential to be integrated into the reef walking tour as the cultural menu of ecotourism. The present study offers identification keys for echinoderm fauna inhabiting the intertidal area of the Mandalika SEZ. The identification keys are new and designed specifically for tourist users with broad discipline backgrounds. Twenty-five echinoderm fauna can be identified using the new tourism-designed keys. The echinoderm keys may apply to intertidal areas of many islands in the Indonesian Archipelago and the Western Pacific.
Genetic diversity and connectivity of the Irrawaddy dolphin in Southern Thailand: Emphasizing the last fourteen of the Songkhla dolphin status from a microsatellite perspective TRIFAN BUDI; SANTI NINWAT; WATCHARA SAKORNWIMON; KHUNANONT THONGCHAM; RATTANAKORN PHAKPHIEN; CHAWANON KALAYA; JANJIRA PHAVAPHUTANON
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250443

Abstract

Abstract. Budi T, Ninwat S, Sakornwimon W, Thongcham K, Phakphien R, Kalaya C, Phavaphutanon J. 2024. Genetic diversity and connectivity of the Irrawaddy dolphin in Southern Thailand: Emphasizing the last fourteen of the Songkhla dolphin status from a microsatellite perspective. Biodiversitas 25: 1729-1735. Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris Gray, 1866) can be found in diverse aquatic environments, ranging from coastal to brackish water, stretching from the West of Bengal in India to the central part of the Indonesian archipelago. Despite its widespread distribution and flexible habitat tolerance, Irrawaddy dolphins in Songkhla Lake, Southern Thailand, are hypothesized to be isolated and exhibit concerningly low population numbers, threatening their long-term survival. Limited knowledge exists regarding their population genetics status. This study analyzed 30 samples from Songkhla Lake (SKL) and the Lower Gulf of Thailand (LGT) to assess their genetic diversity, structure, and connectivity using 16 microsatellite loci. Extremely low genetic diversity was observed in SKL (Ho = 0.039±0.039; AR = 1.122±0.489) and LGT (Ho = 0.033±0.033; AR = 1.141±0.566) populations. Population differentiation (FST = 0.033, p>0.05) and clustering analyses based on both Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Component (DAPC) suggest limited genetic divergence and potential panmixia (single genetic pool) between both populations. These findings highlight critical conservation concerns due to low diversity despite the lack of isolation, emphasizing the need for immediate and targeted efforts to ensure the long-term viability of this iconic yet vulnerable population.
Trypan blue dye decolorization by Aeromonas caviae isolated from water sewage in Jakarta, Indonesia REINHARD PINONTOAN; TAN STEVEN RYAN SUSANTO; JAP LUCY; CHRISTINE ANGELINA; SAMUEL EMMANUEL SOENTORO; JONATHAN SUCIONO PURNOMO; MELANIE CORNELIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250432

Abstract

Abstract. Pinontoan R, Susanto TSR, Lucy J, Angelina C, Soentoro SE, Purnomo JS, Cornelia M. 2024. Trypan blue dye decolorization by Aeromonas caviae isolated from water sewage in Jakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1631-1637. The textile industry generates a substantial amount of hazardous chemical waste, which requires proper treatment to mitigate negative environmental and health consequences if left untreated. Studies on the removal of Trypan Blue (TB), a widely used commercial diazo textile dye, by indigenous bacteria are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize microorganisms capable of decolorizing TB in textile dye-contaminated wastewater from Jakarta. Microorganisms were initially screened for decolorization activity in solid media containing TB. Among the isolated strains, TB2 isolate exhibited the highest decolorizing potential and was selected for further analysis. The morphological, biochemical, molecular, and phylogenetic characteristics of the TB2 isolate revealed that it belonged to the species Aeromonas caviae. To examine the ability of the isolate to remove TB, various culture conditions, such as pH, temperature, and agitation, were tested. The results demonstrated that the A. caviae TB2 strain could reduce up to 77.10% of TB (0.0025% (w/v)) under static conditions, pH 7.0, and 27°C over six days. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the ability of the Aeromonas genus to decolorize TB. These results imply the potential use of A. caviae for decolorizing dye-bearing industrial wastewater.

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