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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Comparative physiological activity and productivity of two local West Timor (Indonesia) maize in response to t'sen, row, and monoculture cropping patterns YOHANNIS HARRY DIMU-HEO; DIDIK INDRADEWA; EKA TARWACA SUSILO PUTRA; BENITO HERU PURWANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250442

Abstract

Abstract. Dimu-Heo YH, Indradewa D, Putra ETS, Purwanto BH. 2024. Comparative physiological activity and productivity of two local West Timor (Indonesia) maize in response to t'sen, row, and monoculture cropping patterns. Biodiversitas 25: 1718-1728. T'sen is a traditional cropping pattern practiced in West Timor, where farmers plant maize, cowpeas, and pumpkins together in one hole. Field research was carried out to compare the productivity and physiological activity of maize grown in monoculture, t'sen, and row cropping patterns. The research followed a split-plot design with four replications. The main plot consisted of monoculture, t'sen, and row cropping patterns, while the subplots included local maize varieties: Kupang and TTS. The results showed that the t'sen cropping pattern did not cause any differences in stomatal activity, chlorophyll properties, transpiration rate, and photosynthesis rate, resulting in productivity that was not significantly different from monoculture. In contrast, the row cropping pattern led to an increase in the width of the stomatal opening but caused a decrease in the rate of transpiration and photosynthesis, resulting in lower productivity compared to monoculture. Additionally, the research found the productivity of the Kupang variety was higher than the TTS variety. Furthermore, both cropping patterns resulted in higher total protein yields due to cowpea and pumpkin fruit production compared to monoculture, with the t'sen showing significantly higher than the row cropping pattern.
Feeding behavior and diet preferences of Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii Lesson 1827) at Soraya Research Station, Mount Leuser National Park, Indonesia IQBAR IQBAR; ROSY SAFRIANA; FAUZIAH FAUZIAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250449

Abstract

Abstract. Iqbar I, Safriana R, Fauziah F. 2024. Feeding behavior and diet preferences of Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii Lesson 1827) at Soraya Research Station, Mount Leuser National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1788-1796. The Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii Lesson 1827) is an exclusive and indigenous primate species inhabiting the forests of Sumatra. Unfortunately, the species is constantly threatened by habitat loss and depletion of food sources due to human activities such as deforestation for agriculture and plantations. This study was conducted at the Soraya Research Station in the Leuser Ecosystem (Mount Leuser National Park), Indonesia, from December 2021 to July 2022 to investigate the Sumatran orangutan's feeding behavior and diet preferences. Focal Animal Sampling was employed as the observation method, with data collected every 2 minutes. The parameters measured were eating behavior, body position during feeding, and type of food consumed. The sample included three orangutans: one adult male, one adult female, and one juvenile male. Behavioral observations were carried out for 18,000 minutes, namely 2,160 minutes for adult males, 7,920 minutes for adult females and 9,720 minutes for juvenile males. The study found that the total eating behavior was 6204 minutes, with chewing being the most frequent behavior observed. Orangutans were more likely to eat while hanging. The diet included 41 species from 20 families, and the orangutan's preferred food was cambium damli (Streblus elongatus) from the Moraceae family. This research describes the types of food eaten by orangutans and is expected to provide information for research station managers to ensure the availability of these plants.
Identification and differentiation of rice ferritin gene in two different chromosomes in several local Indonesian rice varieties SHELA EMILIA PERMATASARI; ANDI SALAMAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250625

Abstract

Abstract. Permatasari SE, Salamah A. 2024. Identification and differentiation of rice ferritin gene in two different chromosomes in several local Indonesian rice varieties. Biodiversitas 25: 2547-2555. The presence of ferritin protein in rice plants indicates a regulatory response to environmental iron stress. It prevents the destructive effects of the chain reaction resulting from Fe2+ accumulation in the cell. This study aimed to detect and identify the location of the ferritin gene (OsFER) in eight local rice varieties in Indonesia. OsFER2, as the target gene was amplified using PCR, visualized by electrophoresis, and then sequenced. The sequencing results were analyzed using DNA Baser, BioEdit, and ClustalX2. The predicted proteins were visualized using the SWISS-MODEL server, Rice Genome Annotation Project Database, and chromosome map tools. The results show that all rice varieties studied have 100% alignment similarity and OsFER characteristics on chromosome 11 at LOC_Os11g01530 and chromosome 12 at LOC_Os12g01530, which have striking differences. The complete protein structure of the complex is found on chromosome 12, while only a portion of alpha-helix ferritin is found on chromosome 11. Differences in the position of the ferritin gene at different chromosomes impact the functional changes in the ferritin protein as an iron homeostasis key role. The two genes show different characteristics and are located at different genomic positions, suggesting a potential regulatory impact on the level of iron stress resistance in Indonesian rice varieties.
Habitat characteristics of Asian moon scallops (Amusium pleuronectes) in Makassar Strait and Bone Bay Waters, Indonesia BUDIYATI BUDIYATI; SHARIFUDDIN BIN ANDY OMAR; ANDI NIARTININGSIH; ITA WIDOWATI; NUDIN KASIM; MUHAMMAD YUSUF; ANDI DYNA RIANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251004

Abstract

Abstract. Budiyati, Omar SBA, Nartiningsih A, Widowati I, Kasim N, Yusuf M, Riana AD. 2024. Habitat characteristics of Asian moon scallops (Amusium pleuronectes) in Makassar Strait and Bone Bay Waters, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3423-3430. Scallops (Amusium pleuronectes Linnaeus 1758), also known as axe clam, is a type of bivalve mollusk from the family Pectinidae that lives in marine or generally in coastal areas and can be found in all marine waters, including tropical regions such as Indonesia. Scallops are of economic value as a food source because scallops contain a lot of protein and are low in fat. In South Sulawesi, Indonesia, scallops are found in almost all coastal areas, both on the coast of the Makassar Strait and on the coast of Bone Bay and Flores Sea waters. The present study aims to illustrate and compare the habitat characteristics of the Asian moon scallops (A. pleuronectes) from Makassar Strait and Bone Bay. The research method used is quantitative descriptive, with the type of research conducted being a comparative study. The method and type of research used are based on the purpose of the study, which is to compare the habitat characteristics of scallops that live in the waters of the Makassar Strait, which is in the western side of South Sulawesi (Sulawesi Island), and Bone Bay which is in the eastern side of South Sulawesi (Sulawesi Island). The study was conducted from January to October 2022 in two water areas, Makassar Strait in Makassar City and Bone Bay in Bone District. The data consisted of primary data obtained in the research fields by measuring physical parameters, including temperature, salinity, water depth, DO, and pH. The study results show that the temperature in the two sites was around 28.0-30.5oC, salinity around 28.0-39.0 ppt, the water's depth around 9-20 m, DO about 5.0-6.0 ppm, and pH around 5.60-8.75. In conclusion, the habitat of the Asian moon scallops in Makassar Strait dan Bone Bay has relatively similar characteristics.
Estimation of protozoal diversity among stray cats in Malaysia MARWA HASAN ABDULWAHAB; HASSANAIN AL-TALIB
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250529

Abstract

Abstract. Abdulwahab MH, Al-Talib H. 2024. Estimation of protozoal diversity among stray cats in Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 2115-2120. This cross sectional study was carried out to estimate the current prevalence and protozoa species in stray cats feces in Malaysia. A total of 320 fresh fecal samples were collected from S.I Home Shelter-Selangor, EJ CAT Home- Melaka, and KB-Cat Shelter - Kelantan in Malaysia. The collected fecal samples were concentrated for the presence of intestinal protozoa using a ready-made commercial Parasep tube floatation method. The fecal samples were stained with iodine and examined for protozoa by microscopic examination. The overall prevalence of intestinal protozoa in cat feces was 73.1% (n = 234). Isospora felis was most frequently detected (n = 145; 62%), followed by Toxoplasma gondii (n = 75; 32%), Giardia intestinalis (n = 9; 3.8%), Entamoeba histolytica (n = 9; 3.8%), and Tritrichomonas foetus (n = 6; 12.5%). Monoparasitism was detected in 65.8%, which was more frequent than polyparasitism (34.2%). Therefore, the local population is at risk of exposure to a wide range of zoonotic protozoa through environmental contamination with cat feces, and the current findings should be used to mitigate public health risks. Prevention and control measures need to be taken to reduce prevalence rates, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities where animals live in close proximity to humans, where poor sanitation and overcrowding exist along with a lack of veterinary care and awareness of zoonotic diseases.
Methyl jasmonate stimulates growth and upregulates the expression of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) gene in Gynura pseudochina in vitro micropropagation TITAH RIGEL ANJALANI; SALMA ARGYA RASMI; ANISA ESTI RAHAYU; MUHAMMAD RIFQI NUR RAMADHANI; MAY FIATUS SHOLIHAH; IRA PUSPANINGTYAS; IRO DATUS SOLEHA; SEPTI ANITA SARI; MAULIDIA RAHMAWATI; NASORI NASORI; NURUL JADID
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250512

Abstract

Abstract. Anjalani TR, Rasmi SA, Rahayu AE, Ramadhani MRN, Sholihah MF, Puspaningtyas I, Soleha ID, Sari SA, Rahmawati M, Nasori N, Jadid N. 2024. Methyl jasmonate stimulates growth and upregulates the expression of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) gene in Gynura pseudochina in vitro micropropagation. Biodiversitas 25: 1955-1964. The use of medicinal plants as primary resources for traditional medicine is rising. Gynura pseudochina (L) DC. is a well-recognized traditional medicinal plant from Southeast Asia. It is rich in bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. Various techniques and methods have been developed to ensure plant quality and enhance phytomedicines' production, one of which involves plant in vitro culture. Elicitor-based in vitro culture, particularly using Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA), has been shown to boost the production of secondary metabolites in plants through the overexpression of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) genes, known to play a role in the excessive production of flavonoid compounds. This research aims to investigate the impact of MeJA on the growth and PAL gene expression in G. pseudochina in vitro culture. Several MeJA concentrations of MeJA (0, 75, 150, and 300 µM) were tested. Our findings revealed that the application of MeJA to G. pseudochina in vitro had a noticeable impact on callogenesis and organogenesis. The optimal condition for callogenesis was achieved with MeJA at a concentration of 150 µM. On the other hand, the highest frequency of root induction was observed at 75 µM of MeJA treatment, while the highest shoot frequency occurred at 150 µM of MeJA. Interestingly, the plant height, fresh weight, leaf, and shoot numbers were significantly affected after treatment with 150 µM of MeJA. Additionally, 75 µM of MeJA was found to promote optimal root growth compared to other MeJA treatments. Finally, 150 µM of MeJA treatment resulted in higher expression of the PAL gene (1.29 folds) than the non-treated plants. Our findings suggested that MeJA influenced the G. pseudochina growth and potentially increased the production of flavonoid compounds in vitro.
Evidence of southwestern distribution of the golden jackal in Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve, Saudi Arabia EHAB EID; JOSH SMITHSON
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250437

Abstract

Abstract. Eid E, Smithson J. 2024. Evidence of southwestern distribution of the golden jackal in Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve, Saudi Arabia. Biodiversitas 25: 1676-1681. The golden jackal, Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758, is listed as a species of globally Least Concern status by the IUCN; however, throughout the Arabian Peninsula, it is classified as Near Threatened due to the lack of information on its population and threats. Despite beings a widespread species, the information on the golden jackal distribution in Saudi Arabia is derived from limited historical records that have restricted its presence to the Hofuf area, around Al Asfah and Al Jawf in the Northeast, and very recent records in the agricultural areas in Tabuk governorate. In addition, photographic evidence of a juvenile individual was recorded in 2017 around the Jubail area. Here, we report the first confirmed Western distribution extension for Saudi Arabia, located in Prince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve, and the most southwestern distribution worldwide. The jackal was recorded twice, suggesting a passing individual or a resident population, requiring further investigation and research. The presence of suitable ecosystems, habitats, and prey composition supports this. This record is important for Saudi Arabia and the Reserve as it guides the conservation efforts and highlights the importance of systematic surveys to understand the existing population, state, and threats.
Suitability of floating net cage system of lobster cultivation site (Panulirus spp.) through Geographic Information System approach in Samaturu Sub-district, Kolaka District, Indonesia SYAHRIR SYAHRIR; ARIF PRASETYA; LA ODE ABDUL FAJAR HASIDU; RAMLAH SALEH; ANDI DYNA RIANA; NUR ASIA UMAR; MUHAMMAD YUSUF
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251110

Abstract

Abstract. Syahrir, Prasetya A, Hasidu LOAF, Saleh R, Riana AD, Umar NA, Yusuf M. 2024. Suitability of floating net cage system of lobster cultivation site (Panulirus spp.) through Geographic Information System approach in Samaturu Sub-district, Kolaka District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4105-4116. The natural habitat of lobsters is in coral reefs of coastal waters from shallow to 100 meters below sea level. In Indonesia, coral reef areas that become the habitat of lobsters are around 67,000 km², including those in the waters of Samaturu Sub-district, Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi. The present study uses a floating net cage system to identify and map suitable lobster (Panulirus spp.) cultivation areas. The study was conducted from June to July 2023 in the coastal waters of Samaturu Sub-district, Kolaka District. Data were collected in 14 spots of coastal waters by using various oceanographic parameters (protection, depth, current, brightness, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity). The measurement results of the parameters were analyzed using the spatial analysis method, ArcGIS 10 program. The analysis involved interpolation and spatial classification, which overlaid all oceanographic parameters to obtain the scores through a suitability matrix. Thus, it can show the spatial maps for lobster cultivation areas suitability. The study concluded that the environmental parameter values are: (i) The temperature of the sea surface was 28-30°C; (ii) The salinity level was 31-35 ppt; (iii) The brightness was 5-14 meters; (iv) The dissolved oxygen level was 5-7 mg/L; (v) The current speed was around 0.31-0.41 m/s; (vi) The water depth was 4-26 meters. It means that the measurement results are suitable for lobster cultivation in Samaturu waters; the total area of water suitable for lobster cultivation area with a floating net cage system (KJA) is obtained 6,179 (74.22%), including the highly suitable area is 2,290 ha (27.51%), categorized areas that suitable is 2,363 ha (28.38%), and categorized areas that moderately suitable is 1,526 ha (18.33%). Moreover, there are conditionally suitable areas of 1,648 ha (19.80%) and an unsuitable area of 498 ha (5,98%). Thus, the prospect of developing lobster cultivation in Samaturu waters is potential.
GC-MS analysis of three Diospyros species and evaluation of its in vitro rat intestinal a-glucosidase and FRAP activity NOVA ALFIAN HARIYANTO; RICO RAMADHAN; YANUARDI RAHARJO; YAZDANIYAR FAJRI HALIMI FIRDAUS; IRMAYANTI TRI KURNIA; DINDA AYU LESTARI; SUHARTINI SUWANDARI; NUR FARIHA MAHMUDA; JOURDHAM NATHANAEL; KIETTIPUM PHONTREE; PREECHA PHUWAPRAISIRISAN; LUKMAN RIYADI; ARRIZAL RAHMAN; NURLITA ABDULGANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250613

Abstract

Abstract. Hariyanto NA, Ramadhan R, Raharjo Y, Firdaus YFH, Kurnia IT, Lestari DA, Suwandari S, Mahmuda NF, Nathanael J, Phontree K, Phuwapraisirisan P, Riyadi L, Rahman A, Abdulgani N. 2024. GC-MS analysis of three Diospyros species and evaluation of its in vitro rat intestinal a-glucosidase and FRAP activity. Biodiversitas 25: 2442-2453. The vast diversity of natural products has long been recognized as a potentially valuable source of bioactive compounds derived from nature. The Diospyros species, belonging to the Ebenaceae family, thrive in tropical forest regions and have been traditionally used for treating various disorders such as ischemic stroke, hypertension, and infectious diseases. This research aims to assess the phytochemical constituents, rat intestinal a-glucosidase, and Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) of non-polar (n-hexane) and semi-polar (dichloromethane) extracts from three Diospyros species, i.e., Diospyros buxifolia (Blume) Hiern; Diospyros celebica Bakh.; Diospyros confertiflora (Hiern) Bakh). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified numerous bioactive secondary metabolites in the extracts. The study revealed that the semi-polar extracts of D. buxifolia exhibited potent rat intestinal a-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with an IC50 value of 33.31±3.23 ug/mL. The IC50 of acarbose as a positive control was 6.31±0.31 ug/mL. The FRAP test demonstrated that the non-polar and semi-polar leaf extracts of the three Diospyros species from East Kalimantan are potential sources of natural antioxidants, with the IC50 in the range of 6.48±0.38 umol Fe/g - 11.35±0.16 umol Fe/g. The results of this study confirm the therapeutic properties of leaf extracts derived from 3 Diospyros species, which align with their traditional medicinal use.
Mapping habitat suitability and connectivity for the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) in Batutegi Protected Forest, Lampung, Indonesia HAFIZ NUR MALIK; DEDE AULIA RAHMAN; YUDI SETIAWAN; ROBITHOTUL HUDA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250543

Abstract

Abstract. Malik HN, Rahman DA, Setiawan Y, Huda R. 2024. Mapping habitat suitability and connectivity for the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) in Batutegi Protected Forest, Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2249-2256. One of the rarest and least understood species of carnivore, the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi Cuvier, 1823), is facing considerable threats from continued habitat loss and fragmentation. The Batutegi Protected Forest, Lampung, Indonesia, which was recently identified as an existing but isolated habitat of this vulnerable felid, is also experiencing fragmentation and encroachment. These combined threats have led to a reduction in the availability of suitable habitats for this isolated population and created barriers restricting its movement between forested areas. Understanding the factors that influence habitat selection and developing ecological corridors to improve its connectivity is critical to the conservation of the Sunda clouded leopard in Batutegi Protected Forest. We examined camera trap data and used maximum entropy modeling to construct a habitat suitability map, which was used to develop the resistance surface. We then performed habitat connectivity analysis using least-cost modeling. Our results indicated that there was a moderate potential in some areas of the study region to support the occurrence of Sunda clouded leopard, whose presence was mainly driven by the presence of forested landscapes and higher elevations. The predicted connectivity network revealed that the most suitable corridor could facilitate the movement of Sunda clouded leopards between forested areas by avoiding the monoculture plantations and mainly crossing through a matrix of forested patches and mixed plantation areas. This study contributes important insights to assisting in the prioritization of habitat conservation for the protection of Sunda clouded leopard and overall forest biodiversity due to its capacity as an umbrella species.

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