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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Food source diversity and honey production in stingless bee meliponiculture, Ogan Komering Ulu Timur, South Sumatra, Indonesia BENI RAHMAD; NURHAYATI DAMIRI; ZAZILI HANAFIAH; DESSY ADRIANI; LAILA HANUM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250645

Abstract

Abstract. Rahmad B, Damiri N, Hanafiah Z, Adriani D, Hanum L. 2024. Food source diversity and honey production in stingless bee meliponiculture, Ogan Komering Ulu Timur, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2747-2756. This research, conducted with meticulous care, aims to collect data on the diversity of food source plants and analyze vegetation, honey production, and quality in stingless bee cultivation (Meliponiculture) in East Ogan Komering Ulu District (OKUT), South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The research was carried out using a comprehensive survey method with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The qualitative methods record the type of stingless bee food sources, while qualitative methods are used for honey quality. Direct observation, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews with beekeepers were carried out to collect data on honey production. The investigation involved observing food-supply plants in the meliponiculture area designated as the research site. Meliponiculture area location is the presence of beekeepers actively engaged in producing honey. The results of the inventory of food plant types at the meliponiculture location showed that the composition of food source plants consisted of six species of forestry plants, three species of plantation plants, seven species of MPTs, one species of crop plant, eight species of home garden and four species of shrubs. The planting pattern of plantation and forestry possesses the highest honey yield, which is 360 kg per year. Cultivated honey products have good quality and comply with Indonesian National Standards (SNI), which include organoleptic tests and laboratory tests, with results: Water content 27.14% w/w, reducing sugar content 62.05% w/w, degree of acidity 101.64 ml NaOH Kg, Total solids insoluble in water 0,066% w/w, Ash Content 0.24% w/w, and acidity degree (pH) 3.25.
Blooming calendar and polliniferous plants in Djuanda Great Forest Park, West Java, Indonesia: Implication for beekeeping management TEGUH HUSODO; INDRI WULANDARI; YOLANI SYAPUTRI; HIKMAT KASMARA; WAWAN HERMAWAN; JOKO KUSMORO; SYA SYA SHANIDA; FADIAH KHAIRINA; M. RIFKY ALIF HAYDAR; M. NAUFAL ASYRAF; RIFKY ROCHIMAT FEBRIAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250743

Abstract

Abstract. Husodo T, Wulandari I, Saputri Y, Kasmara H, Hermawan W, Kusmoro J, Shanida SS, Khairina F, Haydar MRA, Asyraf MN, Febrian RR. 2024. Blooming calendar and polliniferous plants in Djuanda Great Forest Park, West Java, Indonesia: Implication for beekeeping management. Biodiversitas 25: 3216-3229. Information was unavailable regarding the types of pollinator plants and their blooming periods in Djuanda Great Forest Park, West Java, Indonesia. Information about flower blooming seasons was useful for various purposes. These findings will provide a basis for understanding the importance of Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793 in plant pollination and plant species resources for honey bees so that beekeeping practices can be carried out sustainably. The blossoming period of a plant is determined by its blooming period at the time of observation. The blooming period is observed every month in the second and fourth weeks for six months (December 2021-May 2022). Pollen collection was carried out in August 2021 (dry season). Pollen identification was carried out using the acetolysis method, which involves dissolving the non-pollen components of a sample to reveal the pollen grains, thereby enabling accurate identification. An overview of the observation records revealed the presence of 249 plant species from 82 families. The Asteraceae family has the most abundant species richness. Most plants were identified as pollinator plants (30.52%), nectariferous plants (10.04%), and plants that produce both (18.47%). Flowering plants of melliferous plants for honeybees are available throughout the rest of the year, especially from December to May. Therefore, to optimize honey harvesting, it is important to establish multiple colonies during periods of large honey flows. Honeybees may use alternative sugar sources beekeepers provide, such as fruit juice, during nectar scarcity. We would like to know more about the year-round bloom calendar. Sharing knowledge with farmers about the availability of melliferous plants in certain months will empower them to make decisions for sustainable beekeeping.
Molecular diversity of rice germplasms from Thailand characterized by different pericarp colors using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers JUTHAPORN SAENGPRAJAK; JIRAPA PHETSOM; APHIDECH SANGDEE; PORNTIP ATICHART; PIYADA THEERAKULPISUT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250705

Abstract

Abstract. Saengprajak J, Phetsom J, Sangdee A, Atichart P, Theerakulpisut P. 2024. Molecular diversity of rice germplasms from Thailand characterized by different pericarp colors using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Biodiversitas 25: 2839-2848. Studying genetic diversity in rice using molecular markers is necessary for varietal identification, better understanding of relationships and evolution, and conserving genetic resources. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of rice germplasms from Thailand characterized by different pericarp colors using ISSR markers. Thirty-two white and colored rice genotypes were assessed using 16 selected ISSR markers, which generated 179 alleles ranging from 210 to 1,374 bp, averaging 11.19 alleles per locus. The polymorphism percentage ranged from 40% to 100%, averaging 80%. The genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.458 to 0.855, while PIC values varied between 0.15 and 0.45, averaging 0.31. ISSR markers show a high Resolving Power (RP) of 12.15 and a Marker Index (MI) of 3.20, indicating their significant discriminatory power and effectiveness in detecting genetic diversity. The dendrogram grouped genotypes into five clusters: Cluster I included 5 red pericarp genotypes, Cluster II had 6 purple-black pericarp genotypes, Cluster III had 2 mixed white and purple-black pericarp genotypes, Cluster IV included 18 white pericarp genotypes, and Cluster V comprised 1 white pericarp genotype. PCA results corresponded to seed coat traits, forming eight grouping patterns similar to dendrogram clusters. These findings show that ISSR markers effectively assess genetic diversity and relationships in rice germplasms, providing valuable information for managing germplasm resources, developing variety-specific markers, and supporting rice breeding programs.
Assessing the resilience of coral reefs against macroalgae invasion in the Sempu Island Nature Reserve, Malang District, Indonesia ANDIK ISDIANTO; PUTRI DEVI YORARIZKA; DIAN ALIVIYANTI; SYARIFAH HIKMAH JULINDA SARI; ADI TIYA YANUAR; MUHAMMAD ARIF ASADI; ARIEF SETYANTO; GATUT BINTORO; TRI DJOKO LELONO; DINI ATIKAWATI; AULIA LANUDIA FATHAH; BERLANIA MAHARDIKA PUTRI; SUPRIYADI SUPRIYADI; OKTIYAS MUZAKY LUTHFI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250709

Abstract

Abstract. Isdianto A, Yorarizka PD, Aliviyanti D, Sari SHJ, Yanuar AT, Asadi MA, Setyanto A, Bintoro G, Lelono TD, Atikawati D, Fathah AL, Putri BM, Supriyadi, Luthfi OM. 2024. Assessing the resilience of coral reefs against macroalgae invasion in the Sempu Island Nature Reserve, Malang District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2877-2887. The living coral cover in the Sempu Strait is known to be stuck in the range of 37% due to average data from 2009-2016. Several coral diseases have been documented in this region, which can result in the transformation of coral reefs into algae-dominated communities. This study examines the dynamic interplay between coral reefs and macroalgae within the marine ecosystems of the Sempu Island Nature Reserve, Malang District, Indonesia. Conducted across five research stations, our analysis utilized the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method, combined with image analysis tools CPCe and Image-J, and statistical analysis through SPSS. The findings indicate a persistent competition between corals and macroalgae, exacerbated by sedimentation from port activities and river discharges, and significant nutrient loads from human settlements. The average living coral coverage varied significantly, with a range from 12% to 53% across the study period, while macroalgae coverage showed an increase, especially in turf algae. The correlation analysis revealed a 'quite strong' relationship (r=0.783 between coral and macroalgae coverage, suggesting that increases in coral cover could potentially facilitate macroalgae proliferation under current environmental conditions. Notably, the study highlighted the critical role of water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, and salinity, which were within optimal ranges yet facilitated competitive interactions. This research underscores the complexity of coral-macroalgae relationships and the pressing need for integrated management strategies focusing on water quality and habitat preservation to ensure the resilience of these critical marine ecosystems.
Population dynamics of Eye-Spotted Barb (Hampala dispar: Cyprinidae) in Huai Kho Reservoir, Na Chueak District, Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand SATIENPONG KHOWHIT; TAWATCHAI TANEE; DOONNAPUT KHOWHIT; NATAPOL PUMIPUNTU; NARONGRIT MUAGMAI; PANNAWADEE MUSIRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250931

Abstract

Abstract. Khowhit S, Tanee T, Khowhit D, Pumipuntu N, Muagmai N, Musiri P. 2024. Population dynamics of Eye-Spotted Barb (Hampala dispar: Cyprinidae) in Huai Kho Reservoir, Na Chueak District, Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 3095-3104. The study aims to analyze the population dynamics of the Eye-Spotted Barb (Hampala dispar (Smith, 1934)) in Huai Kao Reservoir, Thailand, focusing on age, growth, mortality, and other notable population characteristics. Fish specimens were collected monthly from January to December 2022 at six locations, selected based on information provided by local fishermen, using experimental gillnet fishing. A total of 1,060 individuals were analyzed with the FiSAT II program (FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools) to estimate population parameters. The study observed fish lengths ranging from 89 to 235 mm, with an average length of 148.47±25.83 mm. Fish weights varied between 13.0 and 191.0 g, averaging 46.04±27.48 g. The length-weight relationship was described by the equation LWR = 0.0000135L4.86723 (r² = 0.98), modeled the length-weight relationship, indicating a positive allometric growth with an allometric coefficient (b) greater than 3.00 for the H. dispar population. Key growth parameters included a growth performance index (?) of 4.11 years?¹, an asymptotic length (L?) of 246.75 mm, and a growth coefficient (K) of 0.21 years?¹. The probabilities of capture at various lengths were L25% = 108.99 mm, L50% = 186.52 mm, and L75% = 191.44 mm. Instantaneous mortality rates were calculated as M = 0.37 year?¹ for natural mortality, F = 0.60 year?¹ for fishing mortality, and Z = 0.97 year?¹ for total mortality. Recruitment was continuous throughout the year, peaking between February and June, with rates ranging from 11.19% to 16.41%. Virtual Population Analysis (VPA) showed that most H. dispar were caught at lengths between 130 mm and 160 mm, with maximum Fishing mortality (F) occurring at a mid-length of 220 mm, where F reached 0.60 year?¹. An estimated total steady-state biomass of 8.46 tons was found, and with a maximum exploitation rate (Emax) of 0.954 and Exploitation rate (E) of 0.62, it indicates high fishing pressure (E>0.50) on H. dispar in the Huai Kho Reservoir, Thailand. Thus, the environmental conditions of Huai Kho Reservoir are favorable for the growth of the H. dispar and can support an increase in their population.
DNA barcoding of intertidal barnacles as potential bioindicators of microplastic pollution in Seribu Islands and Jakarta Bay, Indonesia MIFTAKHUL SEFTI RAUFANDA; ROMANUS EDY PRABOWO; AGUS NURYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251203

Abstract

Abstract. Raufanda MS, Prabowo RE, Nuryanto A. 2024. DNA barcoding of intertidal barnacles as potential bioindicators of microplastic pollution in Seribu Islands and Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4664-4676. Barnacles, with their sessile nature and filter-feeding behavior, hold significant potential as bioindicators of microplastic pollution. Due to the diverse morphotypes across barnacle species, DNA barcoding is a reliable technique for accurate taxonomic identification. This research aimed to determine intertidal barnacle species and identify potential bioindicators of microplastic pollution in Seribu Islands and Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Barnacle samples were collected from seven locations using purposive sampling. Microplastic characteristics were analyzed visually and polymer-type testing was performed using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and bioconcentration factors to determine potential microplastic bioindicator species based on three criteria. The significance level was set at p<0.05 and all statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Four species of intertidal barnacles were identified in Seribu Islands and Jakarta Bay, namely Amphibalanus amphitrite, Striatobalanus amaryllis, Amphibalanus zhujiangensis, and Newmanella radiata. DNA barcoding was used to determine the first three species, while morphological analysis identified the fourth species. The microplastic particle count varied among the species, with A. amphitrite showing the highest concentration at 42-53 particles/g. Due to its clear taxonomy, ease of surveying, and wide distribution, A. amphitrite has strong potential as a bioindicator of microplastic pollution, as it can accumulate more than other species.
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants among the Karo Tribe in Kuala Sub-district, Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia ABDUL RASYID FAKHRUN GANI; UTAMI SRI HASTUTI; SULISETIJONO SULISETIJONO; FRIDA KUNTI SETIOWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250717

Abstract

Abstract. Gani ARF, Hastuti US, Sulisetijono S, Setiowati FK. 2024. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants among the Karo tribe in Kuala Sub-district, Langkat District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2960-2968. Indonesia has a high diversity of plants. One area of Indonesia with a high diversity of plants is Kuala Sub-district, Langkat District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The Karo tribe inhabits Kuala Sub-district, and they still apply the ethnomedicine knowledge in their life; this study aims to: (i) document ethnomedicine knowledge of the use of medicinal plants in Kuala Sub-district, (ii) Analyze the use value and cultural significance index to determine the level of use of medicinal plants by the Karo people in Kuala Sub-district. Ethnomedicine data were collected for eleven months, from October 2022 to April 2024. The data sources in this research were 205 informants (25 key informants and 180 additional informants). Data from 25 key informants was used to determine the cultural significance index, while data from 180 additional informants was used to determine use value (UV). ICS data was collected by conducting focus group discussions with key informants, while UV data collection was carried out using survey techniques. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews to determine various medicinal plants' quality, intensity, and exclusivity. This research shows 49 plants used in medicinal practice, and the highest significant cultural index and use value is Kaempferia galanga. The part of the plant that is most widely used is the leaf. The most common disease experienced by the Karo people in Kuala Sub-district is flatulence and many medicinal plants are used to treat this disease.
Nucleotide sequence diversities of Chitinase and PR1 genes from Theobroma cacao cv. MCC 02 and Sulawesi 1 AAN SETIOWATI; SINTHO WAHYUNING ARDIE; TRI JOKO SANTOSO; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260101

Abstract

Abstract. Setiowati A, Ardie SW, Santoso TJ, Sudarsono. 2024. Nucleotide sequence diversities of Chitinase and PR1 genes from Theobroma cacao cv. MCC 02 and Sulawesi 1. Biodiversitas 25: 1-13. Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) faces vascular streak dieback (VSD) disease caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae, so disease control strategies are necessary, such as developing disease-resistant cocoa cultivars. Characterization of Chitinase (Chi) and Pathogenesis Related Protein 1 (PR1) could be the starting point for such purposes. This research aimed to characterize Chi-like and PR1-like genes from cocoa cv. MCC 02 (VSD resistant) and Sulawesi 1 (SUL 1, susceptible). The Chi-like and PR1-like amplicons were generated from cocoa cultivars, and sequencing of the amplicons generated 858 bp (Chi-like) and 569 bp (PR1-like). The multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of seven Chi-like fragments from two cocoa clones identifies four non-synonymous and two synonymous SNPs. The MSA of seven PR1-like fragments from two cocoa clones identifies three non-synonymous and two synonymous SNPs in the PR1-like coding and two SNPs in the 3’-non-coding regions. Phylogenetic tree construction among four TcChi-like accessions and 36 accessions from the NCBI Database indicates that all cocoa Chi-like genes are clustered in Clade II, separated from Chi-like of other species that belong to Clade I or Clade III. Phylogenetic tree construction among 24 accessions of PR1-like sequences from various plant species indicates that the cocoa PR1-like gene sequences are more closely related to Herrania umbratica and Theobroma grandiflorum.
Effectiveness of using the trap barrier system to control rats in palm oil plantations EFRIANSYAH EFRIANSYAH; SWASTIKO PRIYAMBODO; DADAN HINDAYANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250720

Abstract

Abstract. Efriansyah, Priyambodo S, Hindayana D. 2024. Effectiveness of using the trap barrier system to control rats in palm oil plantations. Biodiversitas 25: 2993-2998. Oil palm is one of the plantation crops that is the largest contributor to the country's income; increased market demand affects palm oil production, which continues to increase. Rats are among the most important pests in oil palm plantations because of their diverse habitats, large populations, and easy breeding. One of the mechanical control concepts that can be implemented is the Trap Barrier System (TBS) technique. This research method was implemented by installing a trap barrier between oil palm trees. This TBS research is divided into two methods. The first method used three treatments with three replications in the main plot, and there were three main plots. The second method used nine treatment sub-plots with three replications. The Ciliwung variety of rice was planted inside the TBS in a 3 m x 3 m plot. Field observations included the number of rats caught and the percentage of damage done at the trial's beginning and end. Species of rats found in oil palm plantations are Malaysian field rat (Rattus tiomanicus Miller, 1900), oriental house rat (Rattus tanezumi Temminck, 1845), and dan müller's giant sunda rat (Sundamys muelleri Jentink, 1879). The S. muelleri was the most frequently caught species in each block and method. TBS placement does not need to pay attention to the initial severity of the block. Providing additional bait in traps can increase the attraction of rats to TBS. The extent and intensity of attacks and yield losses in each block with TBS treatment showed a greater reduction than in blocks without TBS.
Habitat characteristics and threats of little-known endemic dragonfly, Neurothemis feralis (Burmeister, 1839) (Odonata: Libellulidae) in East Java, Indonesia MUHAMAD AZMI DWI SUSANTO; ZULFAIDAH PENATA GAMA; AMIN SETYO LEKSONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 7 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250712

Abstract

Abstract. Susanto MAD, Gama ZP, Leksono AS. 2024. Habitat characteristics and threats of little-known endemic dragonfly, Neurothemis feralis (Burmeister, 1839) (Odonata: Libellulidae) in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2907-2920. Neurothemis feralis is a dragonfly with limited distribution and is found only in the lowlands of Java, Sumatra, Krakatau, and Bangka. Its habitats that traverse anthropogenic area face various threats from human activities. Despite the imminent of its depopulation, many essential information regarding the biology of N. feralis remain scarce, deem it with data deficient conservation status according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. This study aims to study habitat characteristics of N. feralis for future conservation purposes. This study was conducted in Surabaya, Sidoarjo, and Gresik, East Java Province, with a five-month study period of July-November 2023. The results showed that N. feralis prefers locations with 36-64% air humidity, 29.2-35.8°C air temperature, and 16970-36400 lux light intensity. Air humidity positively correlated with the abundance of N. feralis, while high temperatures and light intensity tend to have negative impact. The coverage of vegetation with 20-100 cm height was found as another habitat component that positively affects its abundance, while the loss of this coverage understandably negate the dragonfly abundance. Vegetation provides habitat for N. feralis, as well as its prey, competitors and even predators. Despite N. feralis population can still be observed from urban areas with up to 82.40% residential allotment (within 500 m radius of the study site), the disappearance of its population is likely if believably impending if anthropogenic activities (e.g., land conversion and vegetation burning) continue to occur.

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