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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Genetic diversity of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) and its relatives in Seliu Island, Belitung District, Indonesia based on Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat markers DENIA DWI CITRA RESMI; TATIK CHIKMAWATI; NINA RATNA DJUITA; MIFTAHUL HUDA FENDIYANTO; DEWI RAHMAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251125

Abstract

Abstract. Resmi DDC, Chikmawati T, Djuita NR, Fendiyanto MH, Rahmawati D. 2024. Genetic diversity of mango (Mangifera indica L.) and its relatives in Seliu Island, Belitung District, Indonesia based on Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat markers. Biodiversitas 25: 4253-4264. Seliu Island is known as a mango island, but information on their identity, taxonomic status, and abundance of mango variety on this island has yet to be recorded. This study aimed to identify the genetic diversity of mangoes on Seliu Island. Fifteen Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers were used to profile the genetic diversity of 49 mango accessions from Seliu Island. The selected primers produced 193 polymorphic bands out of 222 (86.17%). All mango accessions on Seliu Island were identified and can be classified into eight species: Mangifera indica, Mangifera laurina, Mangifera zeylanica, Mangifera magnifica, Mangifera quadrifida, Mangifera caesia, Mangifera odorata, and Mangifera foetida. The genetic diversity among species was high, with a Shannon's information index of 0.334 and expected heterozygosity of 0.210. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) dendrogram was created using a simple matching method, and all accessions were grouped into two main clusters according to their subgenus, Limus (Marchand) Kosterm and Mangifera. All accessions are also grouped according to their species. This study shows that the accessions from Seliu Island and West Java tend to cluster based on geographical origin. The study of mango genetic diversity using ISSR markers provided valuable information on the genetic relationships and variability among local mango cultivars on Seliu Island. This information can be used for breeding programs, conservation, and developing mango varieties.
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants for postpartum remedies by the Dayak Bakumpai Tribe in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia NOOR HUJJATUSNAINI; DWI RINI KURNIA FITRI; RIDHA NIRMALASARI; MILA MILA; ASTUTI MUH AMIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260637

Abstract

Abstract. Hujjatusnaini N, Fitri DRK, Nirmalasari R, Mila, Amin AM. 2025. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants for postpartum remedies by the Dayak Bakumpai Tribe in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2946-2956. Numerous studies on the ethnobotany of the Dayak Bakumpai Tribe in Central Kalimantan have been conducted, yet those focused on medicinal plants with particular remedial purpose is limited. This research aims to investigate the ethnobotanical knowledge of Dayak Bakumpai for postpartum remedies. Field surveys were conducted in seven districts: Seruyan, Katingan, East Barito, North Barito, South Barito, East Kotawaringin, and West Kotawaringin, involving 250 respondents selected using snowball method. The research identified 47 plant species from 40 genera, and 27 families used as remedies to treat postpartum ailments. Leaves are the most commonly used plant part with 25 species (67.57%), followed by entire plant with 10 species (21.28%). The modes of application include in the form of liquid preparations (27 species), solid preparations (12 species), topical preparations (4 species), and hydrotherapy preparations (18 species). Plant with the highest Cultural Significance Index values are Ageratum conyzoides, Curcuma domestica, and Ficus deltoidea. Preserving ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants for postpartum treatment is a key aspect of maintaining the local wisdom and culture of the Dayak Bakumpai Tribe.
Morphological variability of Pocillopora damicornis in marine environmental adaptation on Sembilan Island, Sinjai District, Indonesia RIDHA ALAMSYAH; NEVIATY P. ZAMANI; DIETRIECH G. BENGEN; I WAYAN NURJAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250933

Abstract

Abstract. Alamsyah R, Zamani NP, Bengen DG, Nurjaya IW. 2024. Morphological variability of Pocillopora damicornis in marine environmental adaptation on Sembilan Island, Sinjai District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3116-3124. Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) is a coral species that is very plastic and allows it to adapt to environmental conditions. Pocillopora corals are important species of coral reef ecosystems, but it was not easy to interpret morphological variations and species boundaries. Morphological variation is so high that misidentification often occurs. This research aims to understand the morphological differences between apex branches, secondary branches, and primary branches at reef flat, lagoon, and reef slope sites in the waters of Sembilan Island. The results obtained, except for corallite width, corallite spacing, branch width, branch length, branch angle, and interbranch spacing, were significantly different at the apex branch, secondary branch, and primary branch. Corallite width is larger at the apex branch, while corallite spacing is very small. The largest distance between corallites is found in the secondary branches. The highest branch width is on the primary branch. Branch width on secondary branches is more consistent. The branching angle is greater in the primary branch, especially in the reef flat and reef slope. The apex branch tends to form a smaller angle. The largest interbranch spacing was found at the apex branch for all regions. Both primary and secondary branches show small variations. The morphology of P. damicornis on the reef slope is more influenced by salinity and current speed. In reef flat areas, the environmental factors that most influence coral morphology are organic matter, turbidity, TSS, and light intensity, including wave height, temperature, and pH. For the lagoon area group, there is no strong influence of environmental parameters.
Bio-inventory of terrestrial gastropod species in Northern Mindanao, Philippines VERONICA B. TAÑAN; NANETTE HOPE N. SUMAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251001

Abstract

Abstract. Tañan VB, Sumaya NHN. 2024. Bio-inventory of terrestrial gastropod species in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 3391-3402. Gastropods are the largest class in the phylum Mollusca, with an estimated 70,000 to 76,000 species. The prevalence of gastropods is undeniable evidence of their successful adaptation to various habitats, including terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments. Slugs and snails are extremely effective in the terrestrial environment, where they are involved with several ecological activities such as nutrient recycling, decomposing waste material, and calcium enrichment in calcium-deficient habitats. However, many species (notably the non-indigenous ones) are well-known pests that damage crops, increase pesticide demand, harm natural ecosystems, reduce native biodiversity, and even carry pathogens and parasites. Northern Mindanao is one of the regions in Mindanao, Philippines, with abundant agricultural resources. In comparison to other taxa in Mindanao, gastropod species have received less attention from researchers. Thus, we collected, characterized, and delineated species of gastropods from the different agricultural areas in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. During sampling, environmental parameters were recorded, and it was established which gastropod species are associated with crops and, at their worst, can become pests to banana (Musa acuminata Colla), corn (Zea mays L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), carrots (Daucus carota L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and many more. Morphology and morphometrics following published protocols on the collected organisms successfully characterized the gastropod species. Slug species, namely, Laevicaulis alte (Férussac, 1822), Sarasinula plebeia (P.Fischer, 1868), and Deroceras (Deroceras) laeve (O.F.Müller, 1774) and snail species, Lissachatina fulica (Férussac, 1821), Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822), Subulina octona (Bruguière, 1789), Oxychilus (Ortizius) alliarius (J.S.Miller, 1822), and Bradybaena similaris (A.Férussac, 1822), were identified. The study reveals that exotic terrestrial gastropods are prevalent in the agricultural areas across Northern Mindanao. Consequently, additional surveys are necessary to determine the extent of their dispersal, crop preferences, pest status, and to its associated parasites within the Philippines.
Bioprospecting of non-timber forest products of selected flora in Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia for phytochemicals, anti-diabetic, anti-tyrosinase, and antioxidants RICO RAMADHAN; NI’MATUZAHROH NI’MATUZAHROH; DINDA AYU LESTARI; NOVA ALFIAN HARIYANTO; SUHARTINI SUWANDARI; IRMAYANTI TRI KURNIA; PREECHA PHUWAPRAISIRISAN; MUHAMMAD IQBAL HASAN; KIETTIPUM PHONTREE; JOHAN SETIAWAN; SALAMUN SALAMUN; NANANG DWI WAHONO; AGUS SUPRIYANTO; MOCH. AFFANDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251042

Abstract

Abstract. Ramadhan R, Ni’matuzahroh, Lestari DA, Hariyanto NA, Suwandari S, Kurnia IT, Phuwapraisirisan PP, Hasan MI, Phontree K, Setiawan J, Salamun, Wahono ND, Supriyanto A, Affandi M. 2024. Bioprospecting of non-timber forest products of selected flora in Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia for phytochemicals, anti-diabetic, anti-tyrosinase, and antioxidants. Biodiversitas 25: 3803-3815. The ecosystem within Baluran National Park comprises elements that exhibit varying degrees of sensitivity to environmental influences, encompassing both biotic and abiotic factors. It has been observed that identical plant species may display significant variations in their secondary metabolite content across different habitats. The primary objective of this investigation is to analyze the phytochemical composition, antioxidant properties, anti-tyrosinase effects, and anti-diabetic potential of specific flora species found in Baluran National Park. Furthermore, the research aims to identify novel natural resources with anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties among the selected flora from Baluran National Park, East Java, using chemotaxonomic and ethnopharmacological data. The study involved the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals, along with assessing their in vitro anti-diabetic, anti-tyrosinase, and antioxidant activities through various assays such as ?-glucosidase inhibition, tyrosinase inhibition, and free radical scavenging tests (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP). The findings reveal that ethanol extracts of Euphorbia atoto demonstrated potent ?-glucosidase inhibitory activity with a percent inhibition (PI) value of 92.07±1.43%, surpassing the inhibitory effects of acarbose (25.92±1.61%) and quercetin (84.79±1.18%). Additionally, the antioxidant assessments indicated that the selected flora from Baluran National Park exhibited substantial antioxidant properties, as evidenced by their percent inhibition (PI) values. These results provide a scientific basis for considering the flora of Baluran National Park as a potential source of natural medicinal compounds.
Leaf morphology characterization and propagation of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Redonda cultivar) using different stem cutting lengths in the tropical ecosystem FITRA GUSTIAR; BENYAMIN LAKITAN; STRAYKER ALI MUDA; ROFIQOH PURNAMA RIA; INDRA ADVENT SIMAMORA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250903

Abstract

Abstract. Gustiar F, Lakitan B, Muda SA, Ria RP, Simamora IA. 2024. Leaf morphology characterization and propagation of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Redonda cultivar) using different stem cutting lengths in the tropical ecosystem. Biodiversitas 25: 2836-2844. Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M.Johnst.) is a kind of perennial vegetable known to originate from Mexico and thrive in the tropical climate of Asia, with different leaf morphology as well as several cultivars, including Redonda cv. Therefore, this study aims to assess the leaf morphology of Chaya Redonda cv. and its growth on different stem cutting lengths of 20 cm, 25 cm, and 30 cm, respectively. All treatments were repeated four times and each replication contained five plant units, while collected data included characteristics in the form of leaf length and width, area, growth rate, and yield. Based on observation through a dimensional method, the Chaya Redonda cv. leaf had a square size with the bottom and top width identical to the ratio value of length and width consistently approaching 1.0 and remaining constant across the development process. The results showed that leaf length (L2) x bottom width (W1) regression had the highest accuracy level for determining ??undamaged chaya leaf area with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9839. The potential of cuttings with a length of 30 cm was confirmed to have high growth capacity, which also produced a positive effect on leaf number and area, as well as canopy area and fresh leaf weight.
Characterization of Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV) strain Peanut Stripe Virus (PStV) associated with patchouli mottle disease in Indonesia SEDYO HARTONO; ARGAWI KANDITO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251046

Abstract

Abstract. Hartono S, Kandito A. 2024. Characterization of Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV) strain Peanut Stripe Virus (PStV) associated with patchouli mottle disease in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3860-3867. Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) is an important commodity that is traded for its essential oil. Indonesia is the main producer of patchouli oil and provides 90% of the global oil trade. However, patchouli plantations face several constraints, especially plant diseases caused by viruses. Considering its economic importance, we conducted surveillance and detection of patchouli mottle disease (PMoD) in several patchouli plantations in Java. Leaves of infected plants exhibited symptoms of mosaic, mottling, and malformations. To confirm the presence of the virus, we collected the infected plants and mechanically inoculated it on healthy patchouli plants. This process involves applying the sap to healthy plants in a controlled manner to ensure that the symptoms observed in the field can be reproduced. Local lesions were produced on mechanically infected Chenopodium amaranticolor and Gomphrena globosa; systemic symptoms on Cucurbita maxima, Vigna unguiculata, Nicotiana tabacum, and Nicotiana glutinosa. Electron microscopic analysis of leaf-dip preparations from a symptomatic sample revealed flexuous viral particles sized approx. 750 nm long, identical to the Potyvirus virion. Molecular detection using RT-PCR and degenerate primers for Potyvirus produced 709 base pair amplicons, indicating positive results in our samples. Nucleotide sequencing data showed the sample was infected by Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV) strain Peanut Stripe Virus (PStV), with high similarity to BCMV isolated from legume plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of BCMV strain PStV on patchouli plants in Indonesia. Therefore, integrated pest management measures are needed to control the disease and reduce the economic impact of PMoD.
Characteristics and quality of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) seeds across various agroecological conditions MUHAMMAD H. ANUGRAH; MELATI MELATI; AGUS PURWITO; ENDAH RETNO PALUPI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251140

Abstract

Abstract. Anugrah MH, Melati, Purwito A, Palupi ER. 2024. Characteristics and quality of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) seeds across various agroecological conditions. Biodiversitas 25: 4406-4415. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.; Anacardiaceae) is a major plantation commodity developed mainly on marginal lands in Eastern Indonesia. This commodity is cultivated in various agroecological conditions, including wet, moderate, and dry climates. This research aims to provide information on the characteristics and quality of cashew seeds from different agroecological conditions and to explore the relationship between these conditions and seed storability. The research was conducted from November 2022 to December 2023. Seeds from two varieties were collected from seed orchards in various agroecological conditions. Seeds of Balakrisnan 02 variety were collected from a wet climate region (Bantul, Yogyakarta), and a moderate climate region (Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara). Seeds of Flotim variety were collected from a moderate climate region (Bangkalan, East Java), and a dry climate region (East Flores, East Nusa Tenggara). The seeds were stored at 16°C and 50% RH for six months. Physical, and physiological quality were observed during the storage. The result showed that drier agroecological conditions produce better physical quality seeds, such as larger seeds with thicker nut shells (fruit skin), and higher peroxidase activity and proline content. Planting the Balakrisnan 02 variety in moderate climate regions produces seeds with higher viability and vigor and longer storage capacity than those in wet climate regions. Meanwhile, Flotim, the drought-tolerant variety, when planted in the dry climate region produces seeds with higher viability but lower vigor and shorter storage capacity than those in moderate climate regions. Despite the differences in seed quality, planting the same variety in different agroecological conditions is still recommended to ensure seed availability due to different harvest times.
First record of Onuphis eremita (Onuphidae: Annelida) from Buntal Beach, Sarawak, Malaysia FATIMAH A’TIRAH MOHAMAD; AIMAN AMANINA AMRAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251039

Abstract

Abstract. Mohamad FA, Amran AA. 2024. First record of Onuphis eremita (Onuphidae: Annelida) from Buntal Beach, Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 3768-3774. Since the early 1990s, much research on polychaetes has been conducted across various regions in Malaysia, particularly in Peninsular region, leading to the discovery of numerous new species record. A comprehensive inventory of polychaete species in Malaysia documents records from 1866 to 2013, revealing a total of 57 species in a revised checklist. However, studies focusing on coastal habitats in East Malaysia have been limited, particularly those identifying species at the lowest taxonomic level. This study presents the discovery of a new intertidal species of the family Onuphidae, Onuphis eremita Audouin and Milne- Edwards 1833, which has been newly recorded from South China Sea, specifically in the Buntal Beach, the eastern coast of East Malaysia. The identification is based on the analysis of 19 specimens collected from Buntal Beach, Santubong, Sarawak. These specimens were found in soft sediments characterized primarily by fine sand. Notably, the specimens exhibit large and vividly colored chaetae, which serve as critical identification features. The morphological characteristics of the Malaysian specimens align closely with previous descriptions of O. eremita, confirming their classification. Additionally, the pseudocompound hooks of the specimens display tridentate tips, consistent with earlier descriptions of the species. To enhance understanding, this study includes illustrations and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of O. eremita, providing valuable visual references for future research. This finding not only contributes to the existing knowledge of polychaete diversity in Malaysia but also highlights the need for further exploration of coastal ecosystems in East Malaysia.
Characterization of mangrove composition and anthropogenic marine debris accumulation in mangrove ecosystems of Mactan Island, Philippines SYLVESTER T. CORTES; ZERRY AYN Z. RETUBADO; LEA B. COLITA; JOED E. CABALLERO; ANNE S. LORCA; RAAMAH C. ROSALES
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251014

Abstract

Abstract. Cortes ST, Retubado ZAZ, Colita LB, Caballero JE, Lorca AS, Rosales RC. 2024. Characterization of mangrove composition and study of anthropogenic marine debris accumulation in Mactan Island, The Philippines mangrove ecosystems. Biodiversitas 25: 3521-3530. Mangrove forests are recognized for their economic and socio-ecological importance. However, their unique morphological structures lead them to become efficient traps of waste sourced from various anthropogenic activities. The continuous accumulation of these Anthropogenic Marine Debris (AMD) could cover the forest floors, resulting in the oppression of their pneumatophores and knee roots. In the long run, this phenomenon could lead to tree death. In this regard, the study assessed the mangrove forest composition and AMD occurrence in the highly urbanized Island of Mactan as a basis for planning its conservation. Fifteen (15) quadrats in each sampling station measuring 10×10 m were established in two sites, Punta Engaño (S1) and Catarman (S2). In two sampling sites, five quadrats were established in each zone (i.e., seaward, midward, and landward). The study recorded 17 mangrove species in two sampling sites, of which all 17 species are present in S1 and four in S2. Of the 17 species, 16 are valid mangrove species belonging to seven (7) families and ten (10) genera. The presence of Pemphis acidula J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. in S1 is a significant finding of the study, as it is categorized as one of the endangered species in the Philippines. This study also confirmed the occurrence of AMD in the forest floors of the mangrove areas. A total of 5192 debris items were identified, and they weighed 213.61 kgs for both sites, covering 3,000 m2 of the island. The majority of this debris is made of single-use plastics used for packaging. These findings underscore the urgent need for local government action focused on effective waste management policies and strategies, information education campaigns, and community extension projects for the long-term survival of the mangrove forests.

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