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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 533   534   535   536   537 
Potential of antimicrobial-producing endophytic bacteria from Balikpapan endemic ginger (Etlingera balikpapanensis A.D. Poulsen) FATIMAH FATIMAH; LILLAH ASRITAFRIHA; SYARIFAH SALSABILA; ERNA KRISTIANA DEWI; NI’MATUZAHROH NI’MATUZAHROH; ALMANDO GERALDI; RICO RAMADHAN; HERY SUWITO; ARRIZAL RAHMAN; LUKMAN RIYADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250922

Abstract

Abstract. Fatimah, Asritafriha L, Salsabila S, Dewi EK, Ni’matuzahroh, Geraldi A, Ramadhan R, Suwito H, Rahman A, Riyadi L. 2024. Potential of antimicrobial-producing endophytic bacteria from Balikpapan endemic ginger (Etlingera balikpapanensis A.D. Poulsen). Biodiversitas 25: 3005-3013. Etlingera balikpapanensis A.D. Poulsen is a new species of the Zingiberaceae family, which was discovered as an endemic species in the Balikpapan, Kalimantan. This study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from endemic Balikpapan ginger (E. balikpapanensis) and evaluate its antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans and to identify the most promising antimicrobial isolates. Plant samples include roots, stems, and leaves. The process of isolating bacteria from various plant parts, such as roots, stems, and leaves, involved repeated subculturing until pure isolates were obtained. Seven pure isolates were successfully obtained, coded as 6D, 5R, 2R, 3D1, 10D, 4R2, and 2D. Macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical characterization of the seven isolates was carried out. The seven endophytic bacteria had varied macroscopic characteristics and were Gram-positive. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the ability of isolates to produce antimicrobial agents. The isolates showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Isolates 3D1 and 5R showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli (8.20±0.47 mm and 8.57±0.08 mm), and 5R also showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus (8.14±0.49 mm). These results demonstrate the potential of these isolates as effective antimicrobial agents. The 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that isolate 3D1 was identified as Bacillus cereus strain PJA4.2 and isolate 5R as Micrococcus luteus strain SGAir0127 with similarity of 99.55% and 100%, respectively.
Threat of extinction of Macrobrachium esculentum in the Serayu River (Central Java, Indonesia) confirmed by DNA barcoding BARUNA KUSUMA; SLAMET BUDI PRAYITNO; ANINDITIA SABDANINGSIH; PETRUS HARY TJAHJA SOEDIBYA; SURADI W. SAPUTRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251015

Abstract

Abstract. Kusuma B, Prayitno SB, Sabdaningsih A, Soedibya PHT, Saputra SW. 2024. Threat of extinction of Macrobrachium esculentum in the Serayu River (Central Java, Indonesia) confirmed by DNA barcoding. Biodiversitas 25: 3531-3539. Sweet river prawn (Macrobrachium esculentum Thallwitz 1891 is one of the amphidromous shrimp. Serayu River is one of the habitats of this shrimp. Information about the M. esculentum in the Serayu River, is still minimal, so this research is essential. The Serayu Weir affects the population of Macrobrachium esculentum, which impacts the balance of the Serayu River ecosystem. This study aims to determine the condition of the M. esculentum population in the lower reaches of the Serayu River in order to maintain its sustainability and avoid the threat of extinction. This research was conducted for one year (January-December 2023). The method used was the descriptive method. We collected M. esculentum catches both upstream and downstream of the weir for one year to determine the presence of shrimp as a result of the Serayu Weir. The catch data was compared with the catch data from previous research. M. esculentum has morphological characteristics with a blackish-gray pattern with stripes along its abdomen and has an upper rostrum of 11-14 teeth and 2-4 on the lower rostrum. M. esculentum in the Serayu River has an mtDNA fragment of 686 bp and shows the same species as M. esculentum in GenBank. A total of 65 M. esculentum were collected. This shrimp was not found above the weir (Station 1) but only at station 2 (below the weir) due to the presence of weir. The results showed the importance of constructing migration routes for aquatic biota in the Serayu Weir. Further research is also needed, especially related to the reproductive system of M. esculentum.
Diversity of flora and fauna in various forest ecosystem types of South Sorong District, Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia OBED N. LENSE; JIMMY F. WANMA; FRANCINA F. KESAULIJA; FADHILAH I. MANSYUR; ARMANSYAH K. RACHIM; KELIOPAS KREY; BEATRIX WANMA; REYNOLD KESAULIJA; DINOSIUS SIMANJORANG; FIKTOR SIMBIAK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251049

Abstract

Abstract. Lense ON, Wanma JF, Kesaulija FF, Mansyur FI, Rachim AK, Krey K, Wanma B, Kesaulija R, Simanjorang D, Simbiak F. 2024. Diversity of flora and fauna in various forest ecosystem types of South Sorong District, Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3884-3898. The distribution of unspoiled natural conditions, uniqueness, and high biodiversity are not limited to conservation areas but also to production and protected forest areas and other land use areas in Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia. These forest ecosystems have high flora, fauna, and areas that are priority animal pockets whose home ranges reach and enter essential ecosystem areas. However, the need for such diverse information has been an issue in this region. Hence, a diversity study of vegetation, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and butterflies in various ecosystem types is needed. The six types of ecosystems, namely the alluvial lowland forest of Nakna, the lowland karst forest of Boldon, the lowland limestone forest of Wara, the alluvial swamp forest of Konda, the peat swamp forest of Nakna, and the mangrove forest of Konda, were targeted. The line-plotted method was used for vegetation. Direct observation on a 1,500 m line transect, the point count method, and the Visual Encounter Survey were employed to collect data from mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and butterflies. Results indicated that the lowland limestone forest of Nakna and the lowland karst forest of Boldon consisted of the highest number of trees (532 and 373 trees ha-1, respectively), species (56 and 52 species ha-1, respectively) per unit area. Unique and endemic orchid species, including Dendrobium transversilobum J.J.Sm. and Bulbophyllum septemtrionale (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Sm., also exist in this region, adding to the wonder of the region's biodiversity. The research also discovered a total of 9 species of mammals, 52 species from 25 families of birds, 39 species of reptiles and amphibians, of which species Litoria sanguinolenta (Van Kampen, 1909) is a new record to the region and 58 species of day butterflies from the Papilonoidea superfamily. Several key species of flora and fauna in this region require special attention as they are in alert status, which may require intervention to maintain their existence in nature so that they do not disappear or even become extinct.
Investigation of the bacterial diversity in fermented mangrove apple (Sonneratia caseolaris) fruit juice kombucha using DNA metabarcoding JELENA ANGEL VISAKHADEVI; SAPTO ANDRIYONO; WORO HASTUTI SATYANTINI; NUR IZZATI MOHD NOH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250942

Abstract

Abstract. Visakhadevi JA, Andriyono S, Satyantini WH, Noh NIM. 2024. Investigation of the bacterial diversity in fermented mangrove apple (Sonneratia caseolaris) fruit juice kombucha using DNA metabarcoding. Biodiversitas 25: 3201-3207. Kombucha, a functional beverage produced from the symbiosis between bacteria and yeast, varies in microbial composition and biological activity depending on the raw materials used for fermentation. This study investigated the potential of mangrove apple (Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl.) fruit juice as a novel substrate for kombucha fermentation because of its high nutritional value and underutilization. We analyzed the bacterial composition of kombucha using a molecular metabarcoding approach with the universal 16S rRNA primers 27F (AGA GTT TGA TCM TGG CTC AG) and 1492R (GGT TAC CTT GTT ACG ACT T). The optimal bacterial density was observed on the 8th day of fermentation, with a value of 1.402. The pH progressively decreased during the fermentation period. This study successfully explored the diversity of bacteria in kombucha grown in apple fruit juice. The dominant bacterial taxon was acetic acid bacteria, with 75,009 reads for Acetobacteraceae. At the genus level, Komagataeibacter was predominant, with 74,660 reads, and at the species level, Komagataeibacter saccharivorans was the most abundant, with 67,502 reads. These results suggest mangrove apple fruit juice as the viable substrate for kombucha fermentation that supports a rich microbial community. This study highlights the potential of alternative substrates, such as mangrove apple fruit juice, to enhance kombucha's microbial diversity and health benefits.
Bioactive compound profile of sun-dried cubeb (Piper cubeba) fruit extract RENDI FATHONI HADI; KUSTANTINAH KUSTANTINAH; MUHLISIN MUHLISIN; RONNY MARTIEN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260213

Abstract

Abstract. Hadi RF, Kustantinah, Muhlisin, Martien R. 2025. Bioactive compound profile of sun-dried cubeb (Piper cubeba) fruit extract. Biodiversitas 26: 662-669. Piper cubeba is a herbal plant that is commonly used to treat digestive and respiratory diseases because it has biological activity related to bioactive compounds. This study aimed to analyze the profile of bioactive compounds in cubeb fruit, focusing on tannins, phenols, and flavonoids. Tannins are a type of polyphenol with antioxidant properties, phenols are organic compounds with various biological activities, and flavonoids are a diverse group of phytonutrients with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These compounds were extracted using different solvents, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was employed to profile them. The results indicate that 96% ethanol is more effective at extracting compounds compared to 70% ethanol and distilled water. The percentage yield of the sun-dried cubeb extract varies significantly with different solvents (P<0.05). Quantitative analysis of cubeb fruit extracts demonstrated that flavonoid content was highest with 96% ethanol (27.85±0.53 mg QE/g), followed by 70% ethanol (10.84±0.34 mg QE/g) and distilled water (2.39±0.03 mg QE/g). Total phenol content was also greatest with 96% ethanol (45.23±0.23 mg GAE/g), compared to 70% ethanol (36.04±0.33 mg GAE/g), and distilled water (12.60±0.42 mg GAE/g). For tannins, 96% ethanol yielded the highest concentration (27.85±0.25 mg TAE/g), with lower levels in distilled water (7.81±0.32 mg TAE/g) and 70% ethanol (6.56±0.07 mg TAE/g). These significant differences (P<0.05) highlight the potential of cubeb fruit as a valuable source of bioactive compounds, suggesting its suitability for functional food applications.
Mountain tourism impact on bird diversity along hiking trails of Mount Prau, Central Java, Indonesia MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH; LUCHMAN HAKIM; DIAN SISWANTO; DEWI LIESNOOR SETYOWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251205

Abstract

Abstract. Abdullah M, Hakim L, Siswanto D, Setyowati DL. 2024. Mountain tourism impact on bird diversity along hiking trails of Mount Prau, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4690-4698. Hiking represents a significant dimension of mountain tourism and has gained considerable popularity among travelers. Unfortunately, the perception of hiking activities as a form of mass tourism raises significant concerns regarding potential environmental degradation and the threats posed to biodiversity in mountainous regions. Birds are organisms that are sensitive to human activities. Therefore, a critical component for assessing the impact of mountain tourism on biodiversity is to analyze the diversity of bird species on several hiking trails. This study aims to examine the differences in bird species diversity on several hiking trails with different visitor frequencies on Mount Prau, Indonesia. Surveys for bird observations were conducted systematically using the Variable Circular Plot (VCP) method along the hiking trail. Bird species diversity data were analyzed to obtain Margalef's species richness index, Shannon diversity index, and Pielou's evenness index. In addition, correspondence analysis was also used to see the differences in the composition of bird community species on different hiking trails. Trails with high visitor preferences showed lower species richness, diversity, and evenness indices than rarely visited trails. Ordination analysis showed a clear grouping of bird communities based on species composition between highly visited and less visited routes. Less frequented Mount Prau trails host diverse endemics and high conservation status birds, while heavily frequented trails show reduced diversity. This finding confirms the negative impact of mountain tourism on bird biodiversity in the mountain area. This also signifies the need for a conservation strategy to balance mountain tourism with biodiversity conservation in Mount Prau. It should be able to limit the number of visitors, control access in sensitive areas, and involve methods of ecotourism that would favor wildlife.
Biodiversity and distribution of rabbitfish (Siganidae) in Tanakeke Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia AWALUDDIN AWALUDDIN; BUDIMAWAN BUDIMAWAN; NADIARTI NADIARTI; YAYU ANUGRAH LA NAFIE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250849

Abstract

Abstract. Awaluddin, Budimawan, Nadiarti, Nafie YAL. 2024. Biodiversity and distribution of rabbitfish (Siganidae) in Tanakeke Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2756-2762. The purpose of this research is to analyze the biodiversity of rabbitfish (Siganidae) in Tanekeke Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia including species diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance. Data on Siganidae fish catches were collected from four different stations on Tanakeke Island, where each consisting of inside and outside bay zones. The data collection involved recording the total number of Siganidae fish caught with gillnet in each zone every month for a year. The caught fish were identified and categorized by species. A total 1,7421 were collected, with 1,5181 from inside the bay and 224 from outside the bay. The result indicated that species was dominated by Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797) with a frequency of 952 individuals (62.70%) inside the bay and 173 individuals (77.50%) outside the bay. Siganus guttatus (Bloch, 1787) ranks second, with 155 individuals (10.20%) inside the bay and 16 individuals (97.20%) outside the bay, followed by Siganus javus (Linnaeus, 1766), Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782), Siganus punctatus (Schneider & Forster, 1801), and Siganus virgatus (Valenciennes, 1835). This research provides important insights that could greatly influence social and cultural aspects of local communities that depend on fisheries resources. The findings suggest that the bay provides more stable conditions that support the growth of rabbitfishes, allowing local communities for manage and conservation their fisheries resources.
Structural stability analysis of rain trees (Samanea saman) subjected to dead, live, and wind loads combination SITI CHUROTUL AINI; ULFA ADZKIA; EFFENDI TRI BAHTIAR; M. MIFTAH RAHMAN; AGUS BUONO; LINA KARLINASARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251050

Abstract

Abstract. Aini SC, Adzkia U, Bahtiar ET, Rahman MM, Buono A, Karlinasari L. 2024. Structural stability analysis of rain trees (Samanea saman) subjected to dead, live, and wind loads combination. Biodiversitas 25: 3899-3908. Tree failure can arise from factors associated with load resistance and structural stability at sites of environmental growth. In this study, an investigation was conducted into the structural analysis of standing trees, considering the combination of compression and flexure loads in the adoption of building code guidelines. The objective of this study is to determine the safety factor based on a combined load combination governing the Euler and Ylinen Buckling Stress Method. The study used 50 rain trees (Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.). Therefore, to assess the impact of various load combinations on standing trees, including dead, live, and wind loads, three analyses were performed: (1) D + L + W, (2) D + L, and (3) D only. The dead load (D) represents the weight of the crown and stem above the observed section, the live load (L) accounts for activities such as climbing or hanging, and W represents wind loads. The D + L + W load combination induced both compression and bending stresses on the trees, whereas the D + L and D only focused on compression loads. Determining the minimum critical height is crucial in assessing the safety factor and categorizing trees into three groups: unsafe, safe, and very safe. The results indicated that the combined load of D + L + W demonstrated that the minimum critical height resulted from the superposition of compression and bending stresses. This finding underscores the significant role of the wind in the safety of standing trees. Structural stability analysis revealed that 18 trees were unsafe, 30 were safe, and 2 were classified as very safe. This research contributes valuable insights into understanding tree biomechanics and tree characteristics, offering a distinct approach compared to existing methods.
Vegetation composition, structure and association at site invaded by Calliandra houstoniana in Bung Hatta Grand Forest Park, West Sumatra, Indonesia SOLFIYENI SOLFIYENI; FERDINA WINATA; MILDAWATI MILDAWATI; HANIFA MARISA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251022

Abstract

Abstract. Solfiyeni, Winata F, Mildawati, Marisa H. 2024. Vegetation composition, structure and association at site invaded by Calliandra houstoniana in Bung Hatta Grand Forest Park, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3608-3616. Invasive plants are plants that can aggressively dominate an ecosystem, thereby disrupting the balance of the ecosystem. Kaliandra (Calliandra houstoniana (Mill.) Standl.), an invasive alien plant species, has notably invaded several conservation areas in Indonesia, including Bung Hatta Grand Forest Park, West Sumatra. This study, conducted from October 2023 to February 2024, aimed to analyze the composition, structure and association of vegetation community affected by C. houstoniana and investigate the association between C. houstoniana and other species within the park. Sampling was conducted using the quadrat method by establishing a 20 × 50 meter observation plot, subdivided into ten 10 × 10 meter subplots for tree level; 5 × 5 meter for sapling and 2 × 2 meter for understorey. We identified all plant species within the sub-plots and measured environmental factors including light intensity, temperature and soil pH. Within the sampling plots, there were 11 families, 13 genera and 14 species at tree level with C. houstoniana exhibited the highest Importance Value Index (IVI = 62.96%). At sapling level, there were 9 families and 12 species with the dominance of C. houstoniana (IVI = 168.47%). Understorey was composed by 15 families and 19 species with Clidemia hirta (L.) D.Don as dominant species (IVI = 29.26%). Shannon-Wienner diversity index (H') was moderate where index for tree, sapling and understory was 2.32, 1.69 and 2.7, respectively. Only a few species managed to coexist and withstand the invasion of C. houstoniana. Association tests, including the Chi-Square Test and Jaccard Index, indicated no significant association between C. houstoniana and other species. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) show that environmental factors, especially light intensity and air temperature, greatly influenced the presence of the two dominant species C. houstoniana and Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter & R.Rankin, while the presence of Pandanus sp. is influenced by soil pH. The study demonstrated that C. houstoniana negatively impacts the diversity of local species, reducing overall diversity levels in Bung Hatta Grand Forest Park.
Discovering potential forage species under Acacia decurrens-based silvopastoral system in different elevations of post-eruption recovery in Mount Merapi, Indonesia HARSANTO MURSYID; ENY FARIDAH; HAMDANI MAULANA; BETHA SILMIA; PRIYONO SURYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251003

Abstract

Abstract. Mursyid H, Faridah E, Maulana H, Silmia B, Suryanto P. 2024. Discovering potential forage species under Acacia decurrens-based silvopastoral system in different elevations of post-eruption recovery in Mount Merapi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3412-3422. The devastating eruption of Mount Merapi, Indonesia, in 2010 resulted in the alteration of vegetation composition and structure across the exposed area, and it has been invaded by Acacia decurrens Willd. ever since. Nevertheless, A. decurrens provides a suitable agroecosystem for silvopasture, which has been considered the essential source of income for the society around Merapi. This research aims to observe the diversity and potential forage species under silvopastoral systems in different elevations. The study was conducted in three villages located at different elevations viz. Kalikuning (820 masl), Kaligendol (890 masl), and Balerante (1,100 masl). There were 15 research plots for vegetation survey built in each location based on purposive sampling. A nested design (20 m × 20 m), comprised of 5 subplots, was employed to observe the distribution of A. decurrens and understory species. The study observed that A. decurrens was the only shade tree in all locations. The average of A. decurrens in all growth stages for each location ranges from individuals ha-1. There were 33 understory species of 13 families observed in all locations. The highest number of understory species was observed in Kaligendol (20 species), followed by Kalikuning (16 species) and Balerante (10 species). Similarly, Kaligendol showed the highest species richness (Dmg = 3.16). However, the highest heterogeneity (H' = 1.98) and evenness (J' = 0.71) was recorded in Kalikuning. There were 61% and 9% of understory species classified as palatable and unpalatable, respectively. Stand management, such as enrichment planting and regular pruning, is required to maintain the sustainability and productivity of silvopasture in the post-eruption areas.

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