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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 535   536   537   538   539 
Ethnobotany of medicinal plants by the community in Langgudu Sub-district, Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia HARDIMAN ALBAR; JUHRIAH JUHRIAH; SLAMET SANTOSA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260131

Abstract

Abstract. Albar H, Juhriah, Santosa S. 2025. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants by the community in Langgudu Sub-district, Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 315-325. The use of plants as traditional medicine has been a long-standing practice among the people of Langgudu Sub-district, Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the diversity of medicinal plant species, plant parts used, processing methods, and how to use plants as traditional medicine. This study uses a qualitative and quantitative descriptive approach. Data collection using a semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to 45 respondents who are traditional healers and community users of medicinal plants. Questionnaire data with respondents were analyzed using quantitative ethnobotany index calculations consisting of Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL), and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF). Based on the results of the study, the community uses 50 species of medicinal plants classified into 44 genera and 29 families as traditional medicine to treat 37 different types of diseases. The largest families come from the Fabaceae, Moraceae, and Zingiberaceae families (8% each). The most widely used part of the plant is the leaves (44%). The most common processing method is boiling (52%), at the same time, the most common way of use is drinking (76%). The highest UV values were found in the plant species Carica papaya, Strychnos nux-vomica, Swietenia mahagoni, Psidium guajava, and Curcuma longa, with values of 1 each. The highest FL value was found in the P. guajava plant with a value of (100%), which is the type of plant with the largest number of user respondents. The highest ICF values were found in the categories of dermatological diseases and reproductive system disorders, with values of 0.96 each. Medical plants play a very important role in providing health services in the study area. This study needs to be carried out scientifically related to its utilization and safety through various biological activity tests and toxicological properties.
Diversity and phenetic relationship of lichen genus Usnea in Cisanti Forest area, Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia JOKO KUSMORO; RAFLI RAIHAN; WAWAN HERMAWAN; RUSDI HASAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260207

Abstract

Abstract. Kusmoro J, Raihan R, Hermawan W, Hasan R. 2025. Diversity and phenetic relationship of lichen genus Usnea in Cisanti Forest area, Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 583-600. The Cisanti pine forest in Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia, is the area of an educational eco-agrotourism area and is a natural habitat for Usnea. However, there is no report yet about the richness of Usnea in this location that is important to provide information such as its biodiversity and chemical content beneficial resources. This study aimed to explore the diversity and analyze phenetic relationships of Usnea in the Cisanti forest area, based on morphological, anatomical, and chemical characters. The sampling method was carried out by exploring the forest area purposively on pine trees that Usnea grew. Usnea’s phenetic relationship was analyzed using the NTSYS version 2.01e software. The results showed 23 species of Usnea were found, namely U. angulata, U. baileyi, U. barbata, U. ceratina, U. chaetophora, U. cornuta, U. dasaea, U. diffracta, U. flammea, U. flavocardia, U. hirta, U. lapponica, U. maculata, U. mutabilis, U. pangiana, U. robusta, U. rubicunda, U. shimadae, U. sinensis, U. steineri, U. subcornuta, U. subflorida, and U. wasmuthii. Based on the 41 characters analyzed, in general Usnea divided into 3 clusters and cluster separation corresponds with subgenera, namely Usnea, Eumitria, and Dolichousnea. The closest relationship is between U. sinensis and U. maculata, and between U. barbata and U. lapponica by a similarity index of 0.814. The most distant relationship is between U. baileyi and U. barbata and between U. angulata and U. chaetophora, as well as U. subcornuta and U. pangiana by a similarity index of 0.616.
Infestation and histopathology of Clinostomum sp. (Digenea: Clinostomidae) in snakeskin fish (Trichopodus pectoralis Regan, 1910) in Tempe Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia IKA IKA; HILAL ANSHARY; SRIWULAN SRIWULAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250949

Abstract

Abstract. Ika, Anshary H, Sriwulan. 2024. Infestation and histopathology of Clinostomum sp. (Digenea: Clinostomidae) in snakeskin fish (Trichopodus pectoralis Regan, 1910) in Tempe Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3263-3272. Fish diseases caused by parasites seriously threaten the aquaculture industry and wild fish populations in natural water. This research aims to identify and characterize the digenetic trematode Clinostomum sp. based on morphology and molecular characteristics and analyze the level of infestation and histopathological changes of the endoparasite infestation in snakeskin fish across three lakes (Tempe Lake, Lampulung and Latamperu Lakes) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 300 snakeskin fish were collected from a survey conducted from July 2023 to January 2024 for parasite examination. The morphological identification of parasites, a meticulous process, was carried out to distinguish digenean species that infect snakeskin fish populations, ensuring the accuracy of our findings. The results showed that Clinostomum sp., was found infesting snakeskin fish across all three lakes within Wajo District, and the identity of the parasite was further confirmed with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)-5.8S region. The prevalence and mean intensity of the parasite infestation varied among the three locations surveyed, though they are not different statistically; Lampulung Lake showed a prevalence of 34%, Latamperu Lake at 28%, and Tempe Lake at 21%. The mean intensity of infestation in Lampulung Lake at 10±10.70, Latamperu Lake at 09±12.82, and Tempe Lake at 06±6.22. Histopathological analysis showed changes within the intestinal tissues of snakeskin fish associated with the infestation of Clinostomum sp., including goblet cells, hemorrhage, and cellular infiltration. This study demonstrated a consistent presence of Clinostomum sp. across all lakes, with relatively high prevalence and mean intensity of infestation. The histopathological analysis showed mild tissue alterations in infested fish. However, the high prevalence of infestation of the zoonotic digenetic trematode raises concerns about the public health impacts for local communities who consume raw or undercooked fish.
Exploring the benefit of arbuscular mycorrhizal Glomus spp. in improving available soil P and crop growth of sorghum cultivated on ex-coal mine soil BUDI PRASETYA; HERLIANA ARFIYANTI; NOVI ARFARITA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251249

Abstract

Abstract. Prasetya B, Arfiyanti H, Arfarita N. 2024. Exploring the benefit of arbuscular mycorrhizal Glomus spp. in improving available soil P and crop growth of sorghum cultivated on ex-coal mine soil. Biodiversitas 25: 5112-5122. One main problem of ex-coal mining land is low soil phosphate (P) availability and easy binding of phosphate to Fe and Al (hydro)oxide. These conditions affect the abundance and activity of soil microorganisms. Unlike other microbes, mycorrhizae can help root uptake of P that is not available in the inorganic form and make it available for crops. The addition of slow-release phosphate sources - such as rock phosphate, bone meal, and fish meal - are good sources of P nutrients because they are not easily fixed and washed away. This study aimed to improve ex-coal mining land conditions by increasing the level of P availability in soil via the application of various P sources at different dosages to improve mycorrhizal spores and sorghum growth. The pot experiment used a factorial completely randomized block design (CRBD) with 3 different phosphate source type (P), consisting of 3 treatment levels, under the optimum concentration of - P1: rock phosphate; P2: bone meal; and P3: fish meal - and various dose of phosphate source (F) consisting of 5 treatment levels - F0: control; F1: 0.17 g/polybag; F2: 0.29 g/polybag; F3: 0.40 g/polybag; and F4: 0.57 g/polybag-with a total combination of 15 treatments with 4 replications. The combination of the P2F3 treatment (bone meal dose of 0.40 g/polybag) was the best dose. It was effective in increasing the number of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (AM) spores by 273 and increasing soil available P by 28.24 mg/kg. The P1F4 (natural phosphate with 0.57 g polybag-1) was the best treatment and produced the greater fresh weight and dry weight biomass of sorghum at about 31.86 g and 10.47 g, respectively. The plant height was increased by 5 to 35%, but there was no effect on the number of sorghum leaves.
Diversity of Vibrio spp. as pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance profile isolated from Penaeus vannamei ponds ROSA AMALIA; SETO WINDARTO; MADA TRIANDALA SIBERO; DION SAPUTRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251144

Abstract

Abstract. Amalia R, Windarto S, Sibero MT, Saputra D. 2024. Diversity of Vibrio spp. as pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance profile isolated from Penaeus vannamei ponds. Biodiversitas 25: 4450-4461. Vibriosis is one of the most severe diseases affecting brackish aquaculture systems. The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of unspeciated Vibrio spp. and antimicrobial resistance patterns of pathogenic Vibrio sp. bacteria isolated from Penaeus vannamei Boone 1931 ponds. Water and sediment samples were collected from several intensive ponds at the Marine Science Techno Park (MSTP), Universitas Diponegoro, Jepara, Indonesia. The result showed that the total vibrio count (TVC) ranged from 0.46×107 to 7.07×107 CFU mL-1 in water samples and from 4.73×107 to 20.07×107 (2.01×108) CFU mL-1 in sediment samples. In total, 150 bacterial cultures were successfully isolated. Furthermore, yellow, greenish-yellow, green, and dark green bacterial colonies were observed on the TCBS agar. Four out of the 150 isolates bacteria, T3.S.1, T1.B.1, T2.S.1, and TK.A.1 were selected based on different genetic profiles and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. These isolates belonged to the genus Vibrio and were closely related to Vibrio alginolyticus, Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio harveyi. The results of antibiotic resistance revealed that gentamicin (Cn); ampicilin (Amp); ciprofloxacin (Cip); tetracycline (Te); chloramphenicol (C); and amoxcicilin (Aml) were ineffective against V. alginolyticus, P. damselae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. harveyi, finding indicates that these bacteria were resistant to antibiotics. Only P. damselae showed intermediate resistance to chloramphenicol (C). Further research is necessary to detect antibiotic resistance genes and virulence genes in these isolates.
Soil organic carbon across varying habitat conditions in the mangrove ecosystem in Sembilang National Park, South Sumatra, Indonesia FITRI AGUSTRIANI; ISKHAQ ISKANDAR; MUHAMMAD YAZID; TENGKU ZIA ULQODRY; FAUZIYAH FAUZIYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251159

Abstract

Abstract. Agustriani F, Iskandar I, Yazid M, Ulqodry TZ, Fauziyah. 2024. Soil organic carbon across varying habitat conditions in the mangrove ecosystem in Sembilang National Park, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4603-4612. Mangrove ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon cycle, but the Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) stock in these systems was not well-documented in some areas, including in Sembilang National Park (SNP), South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the SOC values of the mangrove ecosystem under different habitat conditions/management zones in the SNP area, namely natural mangroves, restored ponds, mudflats, human settlements, and post-fire forests. Soil samples were collected at depth intervals of 0 to 50 cm from the five different habitat conditions. Soil samples were then analyzed using the loss-of-ignition method for estimating the SOC stock. Mangrove density was assessed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method. Statistical analyses of Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post-hoc tests with a significance threshold of 0.05 were used to examine differences in SOC stocks across habitat types. The result showed that the average SOC in the mangrove ecosystem in the SNP area was 177.26±60.20 Mg C ha-1. Natural mangroves had the highest SOC value with 220.98 Mg C ha-1 followed by settlements (174.18 Mg C ha-1), mudflats (160.87 Mg C ha-1), and post-fire forests (156.84 Mg C ha-1), while restored pond had the lowest with 114.07 Mg C ha-1. Significant differences in SOC values were found among habitat conditions according to the Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.01<0.05), but only between natural mangroves and restored ponds were statistically significant based on post-hoc analysis (Dunn's, p = 0.01<0.05). This result demonstrated that land use changes (as in the case of ponds) affect SOC in the mangrove ecosystem, implying the importance of conserving the remaining natural mangroves and restoring the degraded mangrove habitats (e.g. pond, post-fire area) in the SNP area. This study suggests that an effort should be considered to integrate soil carbon into green economic plans, especially the mangrove conservation in the Banyuasin coastal wetlands.
Assessing the relationship between coral cover and coral recruitment in the degraded ecosystems of Sempu Nature Reserve, East Java, Indonesia ANDIK ISDIANTO; RIDHA AYU WIBOWO; AMELINDA VIVIAN KUDRATI; DIAN ALIVIYANTI; MUHAMMAD ARIF ASADI; CITRA SATRYA UTAMA DEWI; ARIEF SETYANTO; TRI DJOKO LELONO; AGUS TUMULYADI; LISA NUR HIDAYAH; AULIA LANUDIA FATHAH; BERLANIA MAHARDIKA PUTRI; NOVAR KURNIA WARDANA; SUPRIYADI SUPRIYADI; OKTIYAS MUZAKY LUTHFI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250929

Abstract

Abstract. Isdianto A, Wibowo RA, Kudrati AV, Aliviyanti D, Asadi MA, Dewi CSU, Setyanto A, Lelono TD, Tumulyadi A, Hidayah LN, Fathah AL, Putri BM, Wardana NK, Supriyadi, Luthfi OM. 2024. Assessing the relationship between coral cover and coral recruitment in the degraded ecosystems of Sempu Nature Reserve, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3075-3083. The long-term survival of coral ecosystems requires the existence of coral recruitment variables that function as agents for future coral generations. The efficacy of this recruitment is crucial for the coral ecology in Sempu Waters, which is renowned for its ongoing loss in coverage. This research aims to determine hard coral cover, the number of coral recruits, and the correlation between hard coral cover and the number of coral recruits. Data was collected using the underwater photo transect method, a widely accepted and reliable technique for assessing coral cover and diversity, at five research stations during 3 observation periods (December 2022, February 2023, and April 2023) and then analyzed using pearson correlation to determine the relationship between the percentage of coral cover and the number of coral recruits. The results show that the coral cover of the Sempu Strait is classified as damaged and has decreased for 3 consecutive months, namely 14.28, 13.92, and 12.57%, and only 22 coral recruits were found in total with 6 identified genera, including Seriatopora, Porites, Pocillopora, Goniastrea, Pavona, and Acropora. The correlation between hard coral cover and coral recruits shows a positive relationship and a fragile level of closeness (r = 0.1119). The availability of stable substrates for recruitment, such as Dead Coral with Algae (DCA), Dead Coral (DC), and Rock (RK), can increase the potential for successful recruitment. However, coral recruits in the Sempu Strait also face competition from other biota, such as macroalgae and adult corals themselves.
Phenotypic and genotypic screening of Bacillus cereus local isolates for their antimicrobial resistance IZZADINI FARHANI; RATIH DEWANTI-HARIYADI; HANIFAH NURYANI LIOE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251149

Abstract

Abstract. Farhani I, Dewanti-Hariyadi R, Lioe HN. 2024. Phenotypic and genotypic screening of Bacillus cereus local isolates for their antimicrobial resistance. Biodiversitas 25: 4507-4514. Bacillus cereus is a sporeformer bacterium that ranks second as Indonesia's most common cause of foodborne illnesses from 2000 to 2015. The bacterium produces cereulides and enterotoxins, which trigger emetic and diarrheal syndromes. The rise of antibiotic resistance in pathogens such as B. cereus could complicate treatment and allow the bacterium to act as the reservoir of antibiotic-resistant genes. Currently, antibiotic resistance in B. cereus has not been reported in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of 21 B. cereus local isolates obtained from foods against eight different antibiotics. The phenotypic resistance was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, while resistance genes were detected using a polymerase chain reaction targeting the bla1, tetL, and tetB genes. None of the isolates (0%; 0/21) showed resistance to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, or erythromycin. However, all (100%; 21/21) were resistant to ampicillin, cefoxitin, cephalothin, and penicillin G. Additionally, 4.8% (1/21) were susceptible to erythromycin, while 33.3% (7/21) were resistant to tetracycline. The detection of resistance-encoding genes revealed that 100% (21/21) of the isolates possessed the bla1 gene, but tetL and tetB genes were absent in any of the isolates (0%; 0/21).
Characterization of Trichoderma sp. local isolate and antagonism assay against pathogen Helminthosporium sp. PARLUHUTAN SIAHAAN; AGUSTINA MONALISA TANGAPO; STELLA DEIBY UMBOH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250960

Abstract

Abstract. Siahaan P, Tangpao AM, Umboh SD. 2024. Characterization of Trichoderma sp. local isolate and antagonism assay against pathogen Helminthosporium sp. Biodiversitas 25: 3380-3389. Trichoderma, as a biological agent, plays an important role in controlling pathogens that cause plant diseases, so it needs to be utilized properly, especially for local isolates. This research aimed to analyze the morphological, molecular and secondary metabolic characteristics of local isolates of Trichoderma fungus and test their antagonism against the pathogenic fungus Helminthosporium sp. The results showed that Tomohon local isolate of Trichoderma was identified as T. asperellum. The results of GC-MS analysis show that T. asperellum produces secondary metabolites in the form of volatile compounds from the group of volatile aldehydes, esters and ketones, as well as four fatty acid compounds, namely n-hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z), play an important role in the antagonistic ability of Trichoderma. T. asperellum was able to inhibit Helminthosporium sp. by 70% on the seventh day of observation, and had antagonistic mechanisms, namely antibiosis and competition. Based on these results, local isolates of T. asperellum have great potential for use as biological control agents.
Impact of genotype and harvest age on the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Indonesia NOVIAN LIWANDA; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; WARAS NURCHOLIS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251229

Abstract

Abstract. Liwanda N, Syukur M, Nurcholis W. 2024. Impact of genotype and harvest age on the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4920-4929. Consuming bioactive compounds like polyphenols and flavonoids is crucial for reducing the risk of diseases due to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), a widely cultivated vegetable known for its nutritional benefits, remains underutilized in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the optimal genotype and harvest age of okra to maximize total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity. Ten okra genotypes were evaluated, with a focus on the impact of harvest age on four selected genotypes. The G7 genotype (F7 Clemson × Stripe-3-10-15B) exhibited the highest TPC (0.98 mg gallic acid equivalent/g fresh weight), TFC (0.35 mg quercetin equivalent/g fresh weight), and antioxidant capacity (5.13 µmol Trolox equivalent/g fresh weight). The optimal harvest age was determined to be the 7th day after anthesis, yielding the highest TPC and TFC values, ranging from 0.31 to 0.98 mg GAE/g and 0.19 to 0.35 mg QE/g, respectively. These findings indicate that both genotype and harvest age significantly affect the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of okra, with the G7 genotype and the 7th day after anthesis being optimal for maximizing bioactive compounds. This study highlights the potential for developing superior okra varieties in Indonesia.

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