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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Diversity and spatial distribution of dragonflies (Odonata) at Soraya Research Station, Leuser Ecosystem Area, Northern Sumatra, Indonesia SUWARNO SUWARNO; ARIFAH YASMIN SAIDI; YEKKI YASMIN; ZURIANA SIREGAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260215

Abstract

Abstract. Suwarno, Saidi AY, Yasmin Y, Siregar Z. 2025. Diversity and spatial distribution of dragonflies (Odonata) at Soraya Research Station, Leuser Ecosystem Area, Northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 681-689. Dragonflies (Odonata), a fascinating subject of study, are distributed from the tropics, subtropics to the temperate zones, and the type of habitat strongly influences their presence. This research, conducted from February to May 2021, holds substantial role as it aimed to investigate the dragonfly species in several habitats at the Soraya Research Station, Leuser Ecosystem Area, Northern Sumatra, Indonesia, and analyze their diversity index values. Samples were meticulously collected in the forest, scrub, and river habitats, which collected data from February to March between 9:00 am to 3:00 pm. Three different location points for each habitat were selected with five transect lines, each 200 m long and 5 m wide. The results showed that, dragonflies mostly distributed in the river, while the fewest species were found in the forest habitat. The total in all habitats, Libellulidae dominated both the number of species (39.6%; 19 species) and the number of individuals (30.4%; 129 individuals). In the Zygoptera suborder, the majority of species were from Chorocyphidae and Coenogridae, about 12.5%, meanwhile the number of individuals was in Calopterygidae (18.63%; 79 individuals). The species of dragonflies were found generally belonging to the category of least concern, but one of them is classified as an endangered species called Rhinocypha orea. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H') value of dragonflies in the three habitats was included in the moderate category, underscoring the importance of our findings.
Rehabilitation criteria and indicators for the successful release of Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi Stresemann, 1924) AHMAD MUNAWIR; ANI MARDIASTUTI; BURHANUDDIN MASY’UD; DEWI MALIA PRAWIRADILAGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251011

Abstract

Abstract. Munawir A, Mardiastuti A, Masy’ud B, Prawiradilaga DM. 2024. Rehabilitation criteria and indicators for the successful release of Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi Stresemann, 1924). Biodiversitas 25: 3491-3499. The Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi Stresemann, 1924) is an endangered bird of prey that is native to Java Island and is protected by law. In order to save the species, rehabilitation programs are crucial for increasing its population in the wild. The current research aimed to establish criteria and indicators for rehabilitating Javan hawk-eagles and improving their chances of a successful release. Data were collected from literature review, interviews, and field observation. Collected data were scored based on a Likert scale and weighted on selected criteria and indicators, then described qualitatively. The research resulted in the identification of 34 criteria and 152 indicators. There were several rehabilitation stages observed in this research: 1) acceptance stage with 10 criteria and 30 indicators; 2) isolation stage with as many as six criteria and 18 indicators; 3) treatment stage with as many as four criteria and 12 indicators; 4) pre-training stage with as many as five criteria and 15 indicators, 5) training stage with five criteria and 65 indicators, and 6) habituation stage with four criteria and 15 indicators. The testing of 12 Javan hawk-eagle individuals at the Javan Hawk-eagle Sanctuary Center (JHESC), along with the developed criteria and indicators, could be feasible for rehabilitation standards to release Javan hawk-eagles successfully. According to the decision tree, nine out of the 12 individuals went through four stages, one went through three stages, and two went through two stages. In summary, the criteria and indicators have increased potential numbers and accelerated the rehabilitation process for the success of Javan hawk-eagle release.
Determining the hybrid diversity between Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) and Wagyu cattle (Bos taurus) breeds using specific microsatellite markers JAKARIA JAKARIA; DAIROH DAIROH; NI MADE PARAMITA SETYANI; SUTIKNO SUTIKNO; MOKHAMAD FAKHRUL ULUM; RUDY PRIYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250926

Abstract

Abstract. Jakaria, Dairoh, Setyani NMP, Sutikno, Ulum MF, Priyanto R. 2024. Determining the hybrid diversity between Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) and Wagyu cattle (Bos taurus) breeds using specific microsatellite markers. Biodiversitas 25: 3048-3055. This study aimed to determine hybrid diversity between Bali and Wagyu cattle using microsatellite markers. Total blood samples were collected from Bali purebreds (n=32 heifers), Wagyu×Bali crossbreeds, which consist of 2 bulls and 9 heifers (n=11), and Wagyu purebreds (n=6 dams). The four microsatellite markers (INRA035, ILST006, ETH225, and HEL9) were used to determine genetic diversity among cattle populations, which is part of what is recommended by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). GenAlex, CERVUS, MEGA10, UPGMA, and RStudio software were used for data analysis. Thirty-one alleles were identified at the four microsatellite loci used in this study. All identified alleles were polymorphic and informative. This study found 283 bp and 300 bp (ILSTS006) and 139 bp (ETH225), demonstrating the private alleles for Wagyu×Bali crossbreeds; 104 bp (INRA035), 284 bp (ILST006), 155 bp, 159 bp, and 167 bp (ETH225) were private alleles for Bali purebred, while 288 bp (ILST006), 145 bp (ETH225), and 162 bp (HEL9) were private alleles for Wagyu purebred. Based on Neighbor Joining and PCA analysis, the Wagyu purebred exhibited at the different clusters in both Wagyu×Bali crossbred and Bali purebred. These findings highlight that microsatellite markers effectively distinguished between Bali purebred, Wagyu x Bali crossbred, and Wagyu purebred cattle, providing valuable insights for breeding programs tailored to each population.
Inoculum prevalence, virulence, and morphometric variation of Phytophthora palmivora recovered from soil across cocoa plantations in East Luwu, Indonesia EIRENE BRUGMAN; NUR HARDINA; TUTIK KUSWINANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251109

Abstract

Abstract. Brugman E, Hardina N, Kuswinanti T. 2024. Inoculum prevalence, virulence, and morphometric variation of Phytophthora palmivora recovered from soil across cocoa plantations in East Luwu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4095-4104. In most cocoa plantations across Indonesia, the soilborne pathogen Phytophthora palmivora is a major concern for causing pod rot disease. This study aims to evaluate the inoculum prevalence, virulence, and morphological variation of P. palmivora in cocoa plantations across East Luwu. The pathogen was recovered from soil samples using the apple soil baiting method, and pure cultures were obtained on modified V8 juice agar media. Morphological observations included colony patterns and asexual features. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to identify patterns in 12 measured morphometric variables. The virulence level was determined based on disease severity (%), latent period (days), and infection rate (day-unit?¹). Isolation via soil baiting confirmed the prevalence of P. palmivora in all soil samples (100%), confirming soil as a consistent source of inoculum in the cocoa plantation. Fifteen isolates exhibited varying sporangial shapes (ovoid, pyriform, and globose) and types (papillate, semi-papillate, and non-papillate), as well as globose intercalary and terminal chlamydospores with irregular collaroid, torulose, and loop hyphal swellings. The PCA plot grouped isolates into three clusters based on 12 morphometric variables, where all isolates from Mangkutana were included in the same cluster. The virulence test revealed that one isolate (KLN2) was avirulent, while the remaining isolates were pathogenic with low to medium virulence.
Isolation and potential test of indigenous bacteria from Singolangu, Magetan, Indonesia for bioremediation of organophosphate compounds PUJIATI PUJIATI; YULIA WULAN PRASETYANTI; MUH. WASKITO ARDHI; FATIMAH FATIMAH; RICO RAMADHAN; NI'MATUZAHROH NI'MATUZAHROH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260301

Abstract

Abstract. Pujiati, Prasetyani YW, Ardhi MW, Fatimah, Ramadhan R, Ni’matuzahroh N. 2025. Isolation and potential test of indigenous bacteria from Singolangu, Magetan, Indonesia for bioremediation of organophosphate compounds. Biodiversitas 26: 1029-1038. The objective of this study was to isolate indigenous bacteria from soil contaminated with pesticide residues and assess their potential for bioremediation of organophosphate compounds, specifically from the profenofos and chlorpyrifos groups. The methodology employed was bacterial isolation, characterization, and ex-situ bioaugmentation testing with a design that included six treatments. The parameters observed included pH, N, P, K, profenofos, and chlorpyrifos pesticide residues. By the fourth week, the bioremediation results demonstrated the exceptional effectiveness of bacteria from the Pseudomonas genus, particularly isolate B3, which outperformed other isolates in terms of N, P, and K pH values, which were 90 ppm, 94 ppm, 175 ppm, and 6, respectively. The lowest N, P, K was isolate B1, with consecutive values of 47, 63, 129, and a pH value of 6. The control soil on pesticide residue levels in the chlorpyrifos test was 150 ppm, and profenofos was 29 ppm. In the results of soil testing with Pseudomonas bacteria (isolate B3), chlorpyrifos levels were reduced by 41 ppm to 109 ppm, and profenofos levels were reduced by 21.8 ppm to 7.2 ppm. Isolate B1 was able to reduce profenofos levels by 18 ppm to 132 ppm and decrease profenofos by 9.2 ppm to 18.8 ppm. The test results showed that the type of indigenous bacteria and the length of incubation time have an impact on soil quality and pesticide residue levels.
Diversity of rhizospheric fungi from Nanhaia speciosa and their capacity to degrade insoluble phosphate and organic manners PHONG XUAN ONG; THIEP VAN NGUYEN; LIEN THUY BUI; NGUYEN THI MINH NGUYET; KHANG TAN DO; GIA HUY TRAN; PHI BANG CAO; HA DUC CHU; NGOC BICH PHAM; THACH VAN PHAN; HONG VIET LA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251020

Abstract

Abstract. Ong PX, Nguyen TV, Bui LT, Nguyet NTM, Do KT, Tran GH, Cao PB, Chu HD, Pham NB, Phan TV, La HV. 2024. Diversity of rhizospheric fungi from Nanhaia speciosa and their capacity to degrade insoluble phosphate and organic manners. Biodiversitas 25: 3585-3595. The rhizosphere is the microenvironment for interactions between plant roots and surrounding microbes. Rhizospheric fungi play a vital role in plant growth through various mechanisms. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the fungi from the soil around the root of Nanhaia speciosa (Champ. ex Benth.) J.Compton and Schrire and to test their ability to degrade insoluble phosphate, cellulose, and xylan. The result showed that a total 72 fungal species were isolated from the soil of the rhizosphere of N. speciosa. These isolates belonged to six genera, namely Penicillium, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Talaromyces, Purpureocillium, and Chaetomium. Results showed that 50% of the isolated strains belonged to the genus Penicillium. Moreover, it was also recorded that out of 10 fungal strains, only five fungal strains produced the phosphate decomposition enzyme (+), with the Tv-LHOP3 (Trichoderma virens LHOP3) and Tk-LHOP1 (Trichoderma koningiopsis LHOP1) strains expressed the highest phosphate solubility with the PSI of two strains were 2.22 and 2.18, respectively. All strains exhibited cellulose ability, Pj-LHOP2 (Penicillium janthinellum LHOP2) showed the highest degradation ability with a halo diameter of 7.52 cm, followed by strain Tk-LVHOP1 (Trichoderma koningiopsis LHOP1) with a diameter of 7.38 cm. The xylan degradation ability test demonstrated that the strain Tv-LHOP2 (Trichoderma virens LHOP2) had the highest halo diameter of 8.87 cm, followed by Tk-LHOP1 (Trichoderma koningiopsis LHOP1) had 8.80 cm and Tv-LHOP3 (Trichoderma virens LHOP3) had halo diameter of 8.63 cm. These findings suggest the potential of these fungal strains as biofertilizers to enhance nutrient availability and promote sustainable agricultural practices, particularly in improving the growth and yield of medicinal plants like Nanhaia speciosa.
Isolation and characterization of acetic acid bacteria from pineapple peel fermentation (Ananas comosus) NATALIA SRI MARTANI; HANASIA HANASIA; OKTAVIANI NAULITA TURNIP; HANDAYANI HALIK; I GDE HARY EKA ADNYANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260227

Abstract

Abstract. Martani NS, Hanasia, Turnip ON, Halik H, Adnyana IGHE. 2025. Isolation and characterization of acetic acid bacteria from pineapple peel fermentation (Ananas comosus). Biodiversitas 26: 789-798. Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is rich in bioactive compounds and is often considered waste, especially its peel. The fermentation of pineapple peel can yield value-added goods, including probiotic drinks that promote digestive health. Acetic Acid Bacteria (AAB) are significant microorganisms in fermentation, converting ethanol into acetic acid, hence offering preservation advantages and probiotic qualities. This study aimed to isolate and characterize acetic acid bacteria from the fermentation of pineapple peel and evaluate its antibacterial properties. The fermentation occurred spontaneously without the use of a starting culture, utilizing three distinct formulas. On the third day of fermentation, the fermented liquid was extracted and characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The findings indicated that the identified AAB was Acetobacter fabarum strain 2567, exhibiting 97% homology. The antibacterial activity of A. fabarum filtrate at concentrations of 5-75% was tested against the pathogens Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae using the disk diffusion method; however, no antibacterial activity was observed against either pathogen. The study underscores the need for further research to evaluate the antibacterial potential of A. fabarum against other pathogens using methods such as micro-dilution or well diffusion, highlighting the urgency of this line of investigation.
Morphological, molecular, and phytochemical characteristics of wild edible fern (Diplazium esculentum) from Jember, East Java, Indonesia YUSRINA RISKY AMALINI; KAHAR MUZAKHAR; MUKHAMAD SU’UDI; DWI SETYATI; EDIA FITRI DWINIANTI; FUAD BAHRUL ULUM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260624

Abstract

Abstract. Amalini YR, Muzakhar K, Su’udi M, Setyati D, Dwinianti EF, Ulum FB. 2025. Morphological, molecular, and phytochemical characteristics of wild edible fern (Diplazium esculentum) from Jember, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2794-2805. Diplazium esculentum, an edible pteridophyte with medicinal potential, exhibits morphological variation that risks improper medicinal use. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize D. esculentum from Jember, Indonesia, through an integrative approach, including morphological analysis, DNA barcoding, phytochemical profiling, and antioxidant activity assessment. Fifteen specimens, locally referred to as pakis menir, were collected from a single site within a rubber-mixed coffee plantation in Panti, Jember District, East Java, Indonesia. The examination of morphological traits, molecular identification using the rbcL marker, analysis of phytochemical profiles through GC-MS, prediction of biological activities using PASS online, and evaluation of antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay all pointed to the potential of D. esculentum. Morphological analysis confirmed D. esculentum's diagnostic traits, while rbcL DNA barcoding validated a 100% sequence match with D. esculentum (OL536867.1). GC-MS analysis of young fronds identified 25 bioactive metabolites, including 11 phenolics, 9 terpenoids, and 5 alkaloids, with 96% exhibiting high biological activity (Pa>0.7) according to PASS predictions. The dominant compound, 3,6-dimethylquinoline (12.38%), exhibited significant anticancer potential, while the frond extract showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50: 91.25±7.60 ppm), reflecting its phenolic richness. These results highlight the potential of D. esculentum's phytochemical wealth and pharmacological promise, supporting further exploration in pharmacognosy, nutraceuticals, and bioactive compounds.
Mitochondrial DNA of CO1 and 16S rRNA genes for diversity and phylogenetic analysis of sardine (Sardinella spp.) from the Lombok Straits, Indonesia H. MAHRUS; AGIL AL IDRUS; ABDUL SYUKUR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251012

Abstract

Abstract. Mahrus H, Idrus AA, Syukur A. 2024. Mitochondrial DNA of CO1 and 16S rRNA genes for diversity and phylogenetic analysis of sardine (Sardinella spp.) from the Lombok Straits, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3500-3509. Sardines in Indonesia consist of six species from around 21 species- world, having many similarities and difficulty distinguishing between one species and others caused the taxonomy of the Sardines species is still ambiguous affected the same names in two different species and the different names in one species because of morphological similarities. The most effective method for identifying animal species and subspecies is the molecular method using sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene and the 16S rRNA gene. The study aims to determine the molecular characteristics, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationships of sardines in the Lombok Strait using a sequence of CO1 and 16S rRNA genes. The study has significant practical implications as it can potentially inform conservation efforts and fisheries management. The sardine samples were collected from the Lombok Strait by small-scale fishermen. The sampling method was random. It takes 55 individuals as a sample. Initially, the sardine samples were grouped based on morphological characteristics. Subsequently, DNA from the two genes of 20 sardine samples were separated and amplified using two pairs of primers. The DNA amplification yielded 671 bp for the CO1 gene and 625 bp for the 16S rRNA gene. The sequence data from the two genes were analyzed using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11 (MEGA 11). The CO1 gene sequence revealed that sardines from the Lombok Strait could be determined more accurately than the 16S rRNA. CO1 rRNA genes of 12 individuals indicated a close genetic relationship between sardines of Lombok Strait and Sardinella aurita Valenciennes 1847, and the 16S rRNA gene placed sardines from Lombok Strait as an out-group. It empirically demonstrates that the CO1 gene is more effective than the 16S rRNA gene in identifying and determining molecular characteristics, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationships of sardines in Lombok Strait.
Medical ethnobotany and utilization of medicinal plants in the Don Pu Ta Forest Thai Yoi Ethnic Groups, Sakon Nakhon Province in the Northeastern Thailand SURAPON SAENSOUK; PIYAPORN SAENSOUK; AREERAT RAGSASILP; CHADAPORN SENAKUN; HANVEDES DAOVISAN; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; TAWANON NIAMNGON; PIMTIDA NIAMNGON; SOMBAT APPAMARAKA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 9 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250923

Abstract

Abstract. Saensouk S, Saensouk P, Ragsasilp A, Senakun C, Daovisan H, Setyawan AD, Niamngon T, Niamngon P, Appamaraka S. 2024. Medical ethnobotany and utilization of medicinal plants in the Don Pu Ta Forest Thai Yoi Ethnic Groups, Sakon Nakhon Province in the Northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 3014-3031. The Thai Yoi Ethnic Group has access to Don Pu Ta Forest, a valuable resource rich in medicinal plants that are essential to the community. Local doctors in Don Pu Ta Forest have traditionally used these medicinal plants to care for the health of the community. This study aimed to examine the plant species and the use of medicinal plants in Don Pu Ta Forest, located in Pak Thop Village, Pla Lo Sub-district, Waritchaphum District, Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand. The study was conducted from 2023 to 2024 by interviewing villagers and surveying the biodiversity of medicinal plants. The plots were created to collect data on plant species, which were then examined and analyzed using various indices. The results of the study identified 36 families, 54 genera, and 61 species of medicinal plants. These species were further categorized into 30 families and 50 species of tall trees, 20 families and 25 species of saplings, and 14 families and 18 species of understory plants. Among these, tall trees had the highest diversity score, measuring 3.88, followed by saplings with a diversity value of 2.87, and understory plants with a diversity index of 2.46. The Evenness Index (E) was 0.88, and the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) recorded was 27.66. Specifically, Lagerstroemia calyculata Kurz had the highest IVI at 27.66, followed by Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. at 22.30, and Anisoptera costata Korth. at 20.20. The ICF analysis revealed that a total of 61 herbs were used to treat 28 groups of symptoms. The herbal treatment for relieving symptoms of flatulence, bloating, and cramps had the highest ICF value at 0.96, while the lowest ICF value was 0.70. Seven plants used to treat similar symptoms showed the highest fidelity level (%FL) value of 100%. This research is vital for the effective use of herbal plants in Don Pu Ta Forest and for conserving plant genetics to ensure long-term sustainability.

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