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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Morphometric variation and ecological niche differentiation in Hyophila apiculata and H. involuta from karst microhabitats in Kanchanaburi, Thailand WEERACHON SAWANGPROH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251154

Abstract

Abstract. Sawangproh W. 2024. Morphometric variation and ecological niche differentiation in Hyophila apiculata and H. involuta from karst microhabitats in Kanchanaburi, Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 4551-4560. Karst environments, characterized by limestone and dolomite formations, host diverse ecosystems shaped by unique geological features such as sinkholes, caves, and underground rivers. These landscapes foster adaptations among flora and fauna, showcasing phenotypic plasticity that enables species to thrive in challenging conditions. This study examines the morphometric variation between Hyophila apiculata M.Fleisch. and H. involuta (Hook.) A.Jaeger in arid karst microhabitats of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Surveys conducted across 86 sampling points revealed predominantly allopatric populations, with H. apiculata present in 26 sites (30%) and H. involuta in 58 sites (68%). Sympatric occurrences were rare, found at only two points (2%). Leaf morphometric analyses demonstrated that H. involuta exhibits wider leaves and larger leaf areas compared to H. apiculata, which features longer and wider median and apical leaf cells with thicker cell walls. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated distinct morphological clusters for the two species, though some overlap was observed, suggesting the possibility of hybridization or transitional forms. These findings underscore the ecological niche differentiation and adaptive strategies of these moss species, enhancing our understanding of plant diversity and resilience in calcareous environments. This research contributes to the broader conservation efforts in these sensitive areas, emphasizing the need for preserving karst ecosystems that harbor unique biological communities and serve as indicators of environmental health. Such insights are critical for developing effective conservation strategies aimed at safeguarding the rich biodiversity found in karst landscapes.
Analysis of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from mangrove sediments and their relation to the presence of waterbirds DEVI N. CHOESIN; RESTU UTARI DEWINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260516

Abstract

Abstract. Choesin DN, Dewina RU. 2025. Analysis of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from mangrove sediments and their relation to the presence of waterbirds. Biodiversitas 26: 2182-2188. Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) play a key role in the functioning of ecosystems by making insoluble phosphorus in the soil available to plants. In the mangrove ecosystem, waterbirds may also act as a phosphate source through their excretion of guano (bird droppings). The island of Pulau Rambut in Indonesia is an avian wildlife sanctuary with an uneven distribution of waterbirds in its mangrove areas. This variation in waterbird abundance is expected to affect the mangrove ecosystem and its PSB community structure. The objectives of this study were to describe the PSB community structure in mangrove sediments and relate them to the presence of waterbirds as a source of available phosphate. Five PSB species each were found in bird nesting and non-nesting sites with a Sorensen similarity of 71.4%. Molecular analysis by 16s RNA identified the predominant PSB species as Salinicola tamaricis. PSB diversity was positively correlated with soil organic carbon and negatively correlated with soil salinity, available phosphate, and total phosphate in soil (p<0.05). Total and available phosphate were higher in the bird nesting site, while PSB diversity and abundance were lower. This may be attributed to the availability of other nutrients, specifically organic carbon.
Spatial and temporal distribution of macrobenthic polychaetes (Animalia: Annelida) comparing mangrove forest and aquaculture zone at Karimunjawa Island, Jepara District, Indonesia SAPTO PURNOMO PUTRO; ALWI SIHAB; RIZKI SANDHI TITISARI; LEVINA A. ANARIZTA; GASSAN HODAIFA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260119

Abstract

Abstract. Putro SP, Sihab A, Titisari RS, Anarizta LA, Hodaifa G. 2024. Spatial and temporal distribution of macrobenthic polychaetes (Animalia: Annelida) comparing mangrove forest and aquaculture zone at Karimunjawa Island, Jepara District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 178-189. Polychaetes are bioindicator of pollution in a water area due to their high abundance and sensitivity to different organic matter content in sediment. This study aimed to determine the type and structure of the community and the correlation of polychaeta community structure with environmental characteristics in the waters of the mangrove area and the aquaculture zone of BTN Karimunjawa, Central Java. Sampling was done using the Random Sampling method at three stations each in KJABB IMTA, monoculture and mangrove. Data processing using Two-way ANOVA test, k-dominance curve, Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and BIO-ENV. In this study, 9 families and 16 genera of polychaeta were obtained and Spionidae family group ranked first in the abundance of organisms. The calculation of the index shows that the level of diversity and uniformity is low-medium, with no dominance in general. Based on the results of the Two-way ANOVA test showed no significant differences in the composition of polychaeta variability, spatially and temporally. The MDS ordination plot shows the grouping of organism variability between stations based on their biological composition. Further analysis using k-dominance curves showed that station 2 monoculture had the highest level of diversity and the lowest level of dominance. BIO-ENV analysis proves that environmental parameters with a strong influence on polychaeta abundance include C-organic, pH and coarse sand fraction (r: 0.418). PCA analysis showed clustering based on sediment substrate size composition (silt, coarse sand, gravel). This study indicates that polychaeta community structure between stations and periods showed no significant differences, and the relationship between biotic and abiotic parameters showed that C-organic, pH and coarse sand fraction are some of the abiotic parameters that most affect the abundance of polychaeta.
Morphological traits and nutritional value of six local cultivars of maize (Zea mays) from Gorontalo, Indonesia NOVRI YOULA KANDOWANGKO; MARGARETHA SOLANG; FEBRIYANTI FEBRIYANTI; AISYAH AHMAD
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260526

Abstract

Abstract. Kandowangko NY, Solang M, Febriyanti, Ahmad A. 2025. Morphological traits and nutritional value of six local cultivars of maize (Zea mays) from Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2289-2298. Maize local varieties are grown in Gorontalo, Indonesia, namely doti, siropu, momala, kiki, pulo and damahu. The existence of this corn is utilized by the community to make various types of traditional processed foods such as binthe biluoto, balobinthe. However, this local corn is starting to be rarely found. The morphological traits and nutritional benefits of these six indigenous corns have not been extensively researched. This research aimed to characterize the morphology of local corn plants and analyze their nutritional value. Descriptive and quantitative analysis. The findings of the analysis indicated that local maize plants have different traits. The height of the plant ranges from 115-195 cm, the number of leaves is between 11-15, and the seeds are orange (Zea mays var. doti), orange red tip (Z. m. var. siropu), marron red (Z. m. var. momala), white (Z. m. var. pulo), clear white (Z. m. var. damahu). The composition of the nutritional value of local corn is as follows: Water content 6.69-15.69%; Ash content 0.92-2.48%; Fat content 2.85-5.09%; Protein content 8.82-12.53%, Carbohydrate ranges from 71.22-77.22; Amylosa 7.46-22.00%. Reduction sugar 0.54-1.92%, In addition, local corn contains high levels of Zn, K, and Mg minerals. The existence of local corn that is rich in nutrients needs to be preserved so that it can support the development of food products to meet human nutritional needs.
Diversity and utilization of vegetables and spices by coastal community in East Aceh, Indonesia NURSAMSU NURSAMSU; ENDANG SUSANTINI; YULIANI YULIANI; NURHAFIDHAH NURHAFIDHAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260232

Abstract

Abstract. Nursamsu, Susantini E, Yuliani, Nurhafidhah. 2025. Diversity and utilization of vegetables and spices by coastal community in East Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 837-850. Food security a major concern in many countries, particularly in coastal regions potentially impacted by climate change and natural hazards. Food security correlates with the loss of traditional culinary expertise, particularly among the younger generation. Therefore, this research aimed to explore and document traditional knowledge about various plants used as vegetables and spice by a coastal community in East Aceh District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Ethnobotanical knowledge data was collected in five villages using field surveys and semi-structured interviews. A total of 92 plant taxa from 41 families are used as vegetables and spices by coastal community in East Aceh, emphasizing their importance in traditional food and local culture. The Cucurbitaceae family is the family with the largest use, comprising 10 taxa which show high protein and dietary fiber content. Cocos nucifera and Nypa fruticans have the greatest Use Value (UV), with C. nucifera ranking first on the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). Furthermore, the vegetables and spices are collected from cultivated plants (77.2%) and those grow wild (22.8%), showing a relatively high community dependence on natural ecosystem. The most widely used plant parts are fruits (42.5%) and leaves (25.7%). In conclusion, this research showed the importance of plants for food security, health, and cultural preservation, with sustainable methods such as agroecology to ensure their continuing use.
Pathway analysis of yield components in several New Plant Type (NPT) rice genotypes DULBARI DULBARI; DESTIEKA AHYUNI; FAJAR ROCHMAN; RIZKY RAHMADI; PRIYADI PRIYADI; SUBARJO SUBARJO; LINA BUDIARTI; HIDAYAT SAPUTRA; MOH. HARIS IMRON S. JAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260225

Abstract

Abstract. Dulbari, Ahyuni D, Rochman F, Rahmadi R, Priyadi, Subarjo, Budiarti L, Saputra H, Jaya MHIS. 2025. Pathway analysis of yield components in several New Plant Type (NPT) rice genotypes. Biodiversitas 26: 770-777. Rice is essential for global nutrition, especially in Asia, with increasing production needed to meet rising food demands from population growth. Efforts to increase rice production are carried out through plant breeding programs. Grain weight per panicle is one of the yield components in rice plants that significantly determines production. Despite its importance, its influence in the selection process is not independent, as it is closely associated with other traits, either directly or indirectly. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between yield components and their direct and indirect effects on grain weight per panicle of several new plant types (NPT) of rice varieties grown in 2 different locations, namely Tanggamus and Lampung Timur. The study procedures were conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design with 12 genotypes and 3 replications. Genotypes consisted of 10 NRTs, including IPB 3S, IPB 4S, IPB 5R, IPB6R, IPB117-F-7-2-1, IPB 117-F-7-7-1, IPB 117-F-14-4-1, IPB 117-F-15-4-1, IPB 117-F-20-1-1, IPB 117-F-80-2-1. Meanwhile, the 2 control varieties included Ciliwung and Ciherang. The results showed that rice grain weight per panicle significantly correlated with the number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, and percentage of filled grains per panicle. Productive tiller number, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, and percentage of filled grains per panicle directly and indirectly affected grain weight per panicle. In addition, the number of filled grains per panicle directly influenced 0.49%.
Beak morphometrics and line analysis for accurate sex determination in juvenile Lovebird (Agapornis fischeri) YENI DHAMAYANTI; ZALFA HIFNIE WAHYUNITA; FEDIK ABDUL RANTAM; MASLICHAH MAFRUCHATI; HANA ELIYANI; SOEHARSONO SOEHARSONO; GRACIA ANGELINA HENDARTI; TANTRI DYAH WHIDI PALUPI; KURNIA NISA KINASIH; ZULFI NUR AMRINA ROSYADA; AISYAH NIKMATUZ ZAHRO; SALIPUDIN TASIL MASLAMAMA; MUHAMMAD THOHAWI ELZIYAD PURNAMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260102

Abstract

Abstract. Dhamayanti Y, Wahyunita ZH, Rantam FA, Mafruchati M, Eliyani H, Soeharsono, Hendarti GA, Palupi TDW, Kinasih KN, Rosyada ZNA, Zahro AN, Maslamama ST, Purnama MTE. 2025. Beak morphometrics and line analysis for accurate sex determination in juvenile Lovebird (Agapornis fischeri). Biodiversitas 26: 14-21. Particular consideration must be dedicated to the welfare of birds as pets and trade animals in the context of biodiversity. Lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri (Reichenow, 1887)) are well-liked birds all around the world because of their lovely chirping sound and diverse ornaments. This study aimed to investigate the precision of differentiating between male and female juvenile Fischer lovebirds through beak morphometry and beak line analysis. A total of 54 Fischer's lovebirds, 27 males and 27 females aged 4, 5, and 6 months, were meticulously investigated in this study. The beak length, width, and depth were measured using a caliper with utmost care. The beak angle and beak line pattern were measured using the ImageJ application. Data was analyzed using MANOVA and crosstab in SPSS v.26. This study reported no significant difference in morphometric beak length, width, and depth in lovebirds aged 4, 5, and 6 months. In addition, this study reported differences in morphometry of the beak angle in Lovebirds aged 4, 5, and 6 months. The comparison of the interaction between sex and the line pattern to the eyes of Fischer lovebirds at the age of 4 and 6 months reported insignificant results, and at the age of 5 months, showed significant results. In conclusion, starting at 4 months of age, an alternative method for determining the sex of Fischer lovebirds is the morphometric technique of measuring the beak angle.
Ethnozoological knowledge of diversity, folk taxonomy, and animal hunting among the Baduy in Banten, Indonesia BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT ISKANDAR; JOHAN ISKANDAR; DEDE MULYANTO; JATNA SUPRIATNA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251241

Abstract

Abstract. Iskandar BS, Iskandar J, Mulyanto D, Supriatna J. 2024. Ethnozoological knowledge of diversity, folk taxonomy, and animal hunting among the Baduy in Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 5031-5045. Presently, biocultural systems, an emergent ecosystem, are experiencing significant growth in traditional villages due to the presence of natural resources. Baduy, a sacred community rich in natural and environmental resources, has a high diversity of animals, which needs to be managed based on their unique Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and beliefs. Therefore, this research focused on the TEK of the community on animal diversity, folk taxonomy, and wildlife hunting. The qualitative with an ethnozoological method was used with data collected from field observation, semi-structured interviews with informants, and participant observation. We found 90 species of birds, 16 mammals, 14 fishes, 10 insects, and 9 reptiles known by the Baduy in Banten, Indonesia and at least 3 taxa levels of Baduy zoological classification. The primary, secondary, and third taxa represented life forms, species, and races or sub-species. Animals can be classified based on their distinctive morphological characteristics, specific behavior, time activity, special habitat, and functions. The hunting of animals carried out by the Inner Baduy community was in accordance with customary rules supervised by informal Baduy leaders. However, unlike the Inner Baduy, Outer Baduy has hunted wild animals for semi-commercial purposes instead of subsistence purposes. In conclusion, safeguarding the Baduy people's land, language, and culture plays an important role in conserving animals in the rural ecosystem of the traditional communities.
Identification of virulence genes from clinical isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) SARMAD QASSIM MOHAMMAD; HUSSAM SAMI AWAYID; SINDA ZARROUK-MAHJOUB
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251246

Abstract

Abstract. Mohammad SQ, Awayid HS, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. 2024. Identification of virulence genes from clinical isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Biodiversitas 25: 5083-5093. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has developed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillin, methicillin, amoxicillin, and oxacillin. This resistance complicates treatment compared to non-resistant strains. While previous studies have defined MRSA phylogeny and transmission in well-resourced settings, this study specifically highlights the effectiveness of five targeted loci analyses (ermA, ermB, ermC, hla-?, and tsst-1) for understanding MRSA evolution in diverse clinical contexts. This study analyzed the phylogenetic relationships among 20 MRSA isolates, which were amplified from the targeted loci. The research focused on the ermA locus in three isolates (A1-A3), the ermB locus in nine isolates (B1 to B9), the ermC locus in six isolates (C1 to C6), the hla-? gene in one isolate (D1), and the tsst-1 gene in one isolate (E1). Genetic diversity was assessed based on the variants identified within these loci. Direct sequencing of the amplified fragments was conducted to detect genetic polymorphisms, and coding variants were translated to evaluate their potential effects on protein function. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to evaluate the associations and distributions of the experimental variables. Sequencing results confirmed that the isolates were S. aureus. The alignment revealed no variants in samples A1-A3, C1-C6, and D1. One variant (176G>A) was found in group B1-B9, resulting in a missense mutation (p.100Ser>Asn). Sample E1 contained a single nucleotide deletion (56C-del). Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clades of isolates that corresponded with various clinical and non-clinical sources. The ermA locus proved to be more effective in tracking the evolutionary trajectories of the studied S. aureus isolates compared to the other loci. These findings suggest that ermA markers could be valuable for broader applications in monitoring the evolutionary distributions of bacterial strains across diverse contexts. Further investigation may enhance our understanding of bacterial evolution in various environments.
Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity test of Curcuma zedoaria, C. aeruginosa, and C. mangga extracts against Aeromonas hydrophila ADE DWI SASANTI; WIDANARNI WIDANARNI; SUKENDA SUKENDA; DINAMELLA WAHJUNINGRUM; MUNTI YUHANA; MIA SETIAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260409

Abstract

Abstract. Sasanti AD, Widanarni, Sukenda, Wahjuningrum D, Yuhana M, Setiawati M. 2025. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity test of Curcuma zedoaria, C. aeruginosa, and C. mangga extracts against Aeromonas hydrophila. Biodiversitas 26: 1573-1580. The chemical compounds found in plants, with their potent antibacterial properties, hold significant potential as alternatives to antibiotics. This study aimed to identify the compounds present in the extracts of C. zedoaria or zedoary, C. aeruginosa, pink and blue ginger, and C. mangga or mango turmeric and to test their antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila. The extract of C. zedoaria, C. aeruginosa, and C. mangga extracts were obtained by maceration in 70% ethanol at a solvent ratio of 1:5 (w/v). The compounds in the extracts were identified by phytochemical analysis, followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The extraction results showed extract yields of C. zedoaria 9.87% (w/w), C. aeruginosa 9.89% (w/w), and C. mangga 9.56% (w/w), respectively. The phytochemical analysis revealed that C. zedoaria extract contained the highest levels of flavonoids as quercetin and curcumin, compared to other extracts. The highest total flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and total phenolic compound contents were found in the C. aeruginosa extract, whereas the highest antioxidant content was found in the C. mangga extract. GC-MS analysis detected the compound 1,2,3-propanetriol with the highest percentage area in C. zedoaria extract; in C. aeruginosa extract, the highest percentage area was found in the neocurdione compound. In comparison, in C. mangga extract, the highest percentage area was found in (E)-Labda-8(17), 12-dien-15, 16-dial compound. All three extracts showed significant antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila, as indicated by the inhibition zone of 9.37 to 14.40 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against A. hydrophila of the three extracts were 6.25 mg mL-1 and 50 mg mL-1, respectively, suggesting their potential as new antibacterial treatments.

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