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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Salicylic acid treatment induced change in the morphological, chlorophyll content, and phytochemical traits in two rice genotypes YAYUK MULYATI; SITI ZUBAIDAH; AFIFUDDIN LATIF ADIREDJO; MOCHAMMAD ROFIQ; NURUL JADID; TRIONO BAGUS SAPUTRO; ISNAWATI ISNAWATI; FITRIARI I. MUHAIMIN; FARAPTI FARAPTI; GADIS MEINAR SARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260226

Abstract

Abstract. Mulyati Y, Zubaidah S, Adiredjo AL, Rofiq M, Jadid N, Saputro TB, Isnawati, Muhaimin FI, Farapti, Sari GM. 2025. Salicylic acid treatment induced change in the morphological traits and the content of chlorophylls and endogenous salicylic acid in two rice genotypes. Biodiversitas 26: 778-788. Salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role in rice plant resistance. At the same time, the elicitation mechanisms of its induction are not well understood. The exploration of rice's endogenous SA during the vegetative and generative phases in response to SA elicitation is a new area of study. Similarly, the correlation between SA and rice resistance characteristics is a fresh perspective that this research aims to address. The study focuses on the effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) elicitation on plant height, the content of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, endogenous SA, and the number of productive shoots and filled grains) characters in two rice genotypes, namely genotype A (Situbagendit×Cibogo3) and genotype B (Situbagendit×Ciherang8). SA at concentration 0-2.5 mg L?¹ was applied to the in vitro shoot culture of the rice varieties. The results showed that genotype B had significant content of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, endogenous SA content (generative phase), number of productive shoots, and filled rice grains compared to genotype A. SA concentration of 2 mg L?¹ was proven to be the optimal dose that could maximize the resistance and productivity characters of genotype B. Conversely, higher or lower concentrations tended to produce less significant or negative effects. A positive correlation between endogenous SA content and the number of productive shoots was found in genotype B. This study revealed the importance of genetic factors and elicitor concentration in improving rice resistance traits that affect productivity. These findings have practical implications, as they contribute to the development of superior rice cultivars that can support sustainable food security, offering hope for the future of agriculture.
Soil arthropods and natural enemies' abundances in broccoli crops treated with insecticides MARIA HEVIYANTI; DADANG DADANG; DEWI SARTIAMI; R. YAYI MUNARA KUSUMAH; PURWANTININGSIH PURWANTININGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260420

Abstract

Abstract. Heviyanti M, Dadang, Sartiami D, Kusumah RYM, Purwantiningsih. 2025. Soil arthropods and natural enemies' abundances in broccoli crops treated with insecticides. Biodiversitas 26: 1698-1705. Indonesia is known as one of the countries with the highest biodiversity in the world, consisting of a rich variety of flora and fauna across terrestrial and marine ecosystems. However, the excessive and inappropriate use of synthetic insecticides has led to a significant decline in biodiversity, including the death of natural enemies and the disruption of soil microorganisms. An environmentally sustainable alternative for pest control is the application of botanical insecticides. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the effect of the application of 50EC botanical insecticide, a mixture of spike pepper (Piper aduncum) and Chinese perfume (Aglaia odorata) (2:1 w/w) extracts on Plutella xylostella population and the abundance of soil arthropods and natural enemies in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) crops. Observations of the P. xylostella population were carried out by direct observation on sample plants from the second to the ninth Week After Planting (WAP). The diversity and abundance of soil arthropods and natural enemies were assessed using pitfall traps. The results showed that the 50EC botanical insecticide demonstrated a level of effectiveness comparable to that of synthetic insecticides containing the active ingredient emamectin benzoate and microbial insecticide with an active ingredient of Bacillus thuringiensis in controlling P. xylostella. The number of arthropod individuals obtained was 6,441, belonging to 3 classes, 12 orders, 32 families, and 62 morphospecies. The order Entomobryomorpha was the most abundant, accounting for 37.96% of the total arthropod population. In terms of species richness, the order Hymenoptera was predominant, contributing 25.00% and being largely represented by the Formicidae family. The highest number of arthropod individuals (1748) was recorded in the treatment involving the 50EC botanical insecticide. These findings support the use of botanical insecticides as an eco-friendly pest control solution that can reduce pesticide residues and promote sustainable farming practices.
Fish diversity and associated physicochemical conditions in seaweed farming areas in Bone Gulf Waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia FIJWAL PATANGNGARI; MUSBIR MUSBIR; NAJAMUDDIN NAJAMUDDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260117

Abstract

Abstract. Patangngari F, Musbir M, Najamuddin. 2025. Fish diversity and associated physicochemical conditions in seaweed farming areas in Bone Gulf Waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 153-165. The waters of Bone Gulf, located on the coast of Bone District, possess a longstanding legacy of fishing gear, specifically small fishing gear with a mesh size of 15 mm, which is in use today because of the substantial population along the coast. Seaweed farming regions have increasingly become alternatives to fishing zones. This research examines fish diversity and environmental factors in seaweed cultivation zones. Fish were obtained from fishermen utilizing fishing gear in seaweed regions, specifically around the Cape (ST 1), the middle (ST 2), and a distant estuary (ST 3) in Bone waters, from February to August 2024. 2375 fish specimens were gathered, encompassing 67 species from 40 families. Increased diversity was noted in species count (15-46), the species diversity index (2.48-3.18), the evenness index (0.832-0.910), the species richness index (2.64-6.96), and the species dominance index (0.057-0.096). The five most frequently captured species were Chanos chanos, Leiognathus fasciatus, Siganus guttatus, Terapon jarbua, Crenimugil seheli, and Lates calcarifer, together with Oreochromis mossambicus, classified as Vulnerable (VU), and Himantura uarnak, classified as Endangered (EN). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows that current velocity and depth are the main factors significantly associated with fish stocks. Furthermore, the phosphate, turbidity, nitrate, salinity, temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen metrics exhibited no significant impact across the three sites. Future research should focus on long-term monitoring of fish population dynamics, investigating the effects of seaweed farming on fish community structure, and formulating sustainable management practices that engage local communities to preserve and enhance aquatic ecosystems and ensure long-term ecosystem health.
Genetic diversity of local cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) germplasms of East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia revealed by seed characteristics YOSEP S. MAU; SHIRLY S.S. OEMATAN; I G.B. ADWITA ARSA; ANTONIUS.S.S. NDIWA; AGNES C. BERE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260327

Abstract

Abstract. Mau YS, Oematan SS, Arsa IGBA, Ndiwa ASS, Bere AC. 2025. Genetic diversity of local cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) germplasms of East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia revealed by seed characteristics. Biodiversitas 26: 1279-1288. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the predominant pulse crops in the tropical and sub-tropical regions, including Indonesia. Cowpea is commonly cultivated in a mixed cropping system with maize by dryland farmers in West Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Still, information about its genetic diversity level is unavailable. This study aimed to characterize the cowpea seeds from West Timor and to determine the genetic diversity based on seed characteristics. A total of 126 seed accessions were collected from farmers in the district of production centers in five districts in West Timor. The collected seeds were observed for qualitative and quantitative characteristics in the laboratory. The data were subjected to cluster analysis to determine the genetic diversity level and principal component analysis to determine the characters mostly responsible for diversity. The results showed a high genetic diversity among the accessions. Cluster analysis results revealed that the collected accessions were grouped into three clusters at a truncation point of 8.0, corresponding with seed characteristics. Four main principal components (PC) explained most (81.70%) of the observed variability in the data set. Both seed morphological and quantitative characters contributed almost equally to the diversity of the accessions.
Variability of yield and yield components of 23 hybrid cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) genotypes under shaded and unshaded conditions Deka Rosalinda Maulidya Putri; Muhamad Syukur; Arya Widura Ritonga
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260139

Abstract

Abstract. Putri DRM, Syukur M, Ritonga AW. 2025. Variability of yield and yield components of 23 hybrid cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) genotypes under shaded and unshaded conditions. Biodiversitas 26: 396-406. Cayenne pepper production is challenged by limited agricultural land, necessitating a sustainable intercropping system to meet rising demand. This requires varieties that can grow, develop, and produce under shade-stress conditions. This study aimed to obtain information on the variability of growth, yield components, and physiological traits and to determine yield-related traits in cayenne pepper hybrids obtained from full-diallel crosses under shaded and unshaded conditions. A total of 23 genotypes, consisting of 20 F1 hybrids from five parental lines and three comparisons, were planted using a nested randomized complete block design with two factors: shade and genotype. The results showed that G8 and G27 exhibited superior performance under shade conditions, producing a higher number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, marketable number of fruits, marketable yield fruit, fruit diameter, and fruit weight compared to unshaded conditions. These findings have practical implications for cayenne pepper production, as they can guide the selection of varieties for shaded conditions. Chili was categorized into six clusters under unshaded conditions and four clusters under shaded conditions. Marketable yield fruit, marketable number of fruits, and number of fruits per plant had a significant positive correlation coefficient on fruit yield per plant under unshaded conditions. In contrast, under shaded conditions, there was a significant positive correlation shown on fruit diameter, plant height, marketable yield fruit, number of fruits per plant, marketable number of fruits, and fruit weight.
Abundance of adult Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) across six settlements in South Sulawesi, Indonesia FADLY RIAN SAPUTRA; ISRA WAHID; SUPRIYONO SUPRIYONO; UPIK KESUMAWATI HADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260150

Abstract

Abstract. Saputra FR, Wahid I, Supriyono, Hadi UK. 2025. Abundance of adult Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) across six settlements in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 509-519. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are major vectors of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. These diseases impose a significant global health burden, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where environmental conditions favor mosquito population growth and disease transmission. This study aimed to analyze the abundance of adult Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus across six settlements in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Mosquito collections were conducted from January to October 2023. The selected settlements were Manuju, Pangembang, Tamala’lang, Adatongeng, Lae-Lae, and Panaikang. The findings indicated that Ae. aegypti was predominantly found indoors in Lae-Lae, with a total of 696 individuals (58.7%) from 100 surveyed houses, while Ae. albopictus was mostly found indoors in Pangembang, with 31 individuals (55.4%). Outdoors, Ae. aegypti was most abundant in Lae-Lae, where 32 individuals (80.0%) were captured in vegetated areas around 100 surveyed houses, such as near bamboo trees and other vegetation surrounding the settlements Similarly, Ae. albopictus was more frequently found outdoors in the same area, with 177 individuals (33.1%) captured under similar conditions. In total, Ae. aegypti was primarily found indoors, with 1186 individuals (p<0.01), while Ae. albopictus was mainly found outdoors, with 535 individuals (p<0.001). These findings reveal significant differences in the abundance of these mosquito species between indoors and outdoors, highlighting the influence of local environmental factors on their distribution in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.
Isolation and characterization of fluorescent Pseudomonas endophyte from lowland creeping-sensitive plant, and its effect on several plant pathogens and plant growth LOEKAS SOESANTO; AYU AZKIYAH; DEVIANA PRIMAYURI; DINI SUNDARI; ENDANG MUGIASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260220

Abstract

Abstract. Soesanto L, Azkiyah A, Primayuri D, Sundari D, Mugiastuti E. 2025. Isolation and characterization of fluorescent Pseudomonas endophyte from lowland creeping-sensitive plant, and its effect on several plant pathogens and plant growth. Biodiversitas 26: 723-730. Despite declining effectiveness and the risk of pathogen resistance, farmers still prefer synthetic fungicides to control plant disease. A safe alternative to synthetic fungicides is toxins produced by biocontrol agents. This research aimed to isolate the endophytic bacteria, fluorescent Pseudomonas, from lowland creeping-sensitive plants (Mimosa sp.), analyze its morphological and biochemical characteristics, and assess its impact on pathogens and plant growth promoters. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, from June to September 2024. Samples of creeping-sensitive plant roots were collected from several marginal soils in the lowlands of Banyumas and Cilacap Regencies. The result showed that a total of 15 isolates of endophytic fluorescent Pseudomonas were isolated from the samples. It was also noted that 80% of fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates were able to inhibit the growth of several plant pathogens. Fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates demonstrate significant variability in their ability to inhibit pathogenic fungi and bacteria, with PE13 and PE14 showing the most effective inhibition and enzyme production capabilities and several isolates had a positive effect on plant growth parameters. Fluorescent Pseudomonas exhibited both abilities through the production of several hydrolysis enzymes (lipase, cellulase, protease, and chitinase), HCN, siderophores, and phosphate solubilizing compounds.
Short communication: Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) JAKARIA JAKARIA; ANIK BUDHI DHARMAYANTHI; DAIROH DAIROH; MOKHAMAD FAKHRUL ULUM; SAIFUL ANWAR; RONNY RACHMAN NOOR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260406

Abstract

Abstract. Jakaria J, Dharmawanthi AB, Dairoh, Ulum MF, Anwar S, Noor RR. 2025. Short communication: Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Bali cattle (Bos javanicus). Biodiversitas 26: 1545-1552. Bali cattle (Bos javanicus), one of the most popular indigenous cattle breeds in Indonesia, was domesticated from the wild Banteng. This study aimed to determine the complete mtDNA sequence and assess its genetic variation utilizing the Illumina NovaSeq6000 platform, marking the first time reporting the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Bali cattle. Blood samples were collected from BBIB Singosari, Malang, East Java. DNA was extracted using the DNA Extraction Kit protocol (Promega). The total mitochondrial genome was annotated using the MITOS2 software. The result of this study showed that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has a total length of 16,712 bp and comprises 37 genes with a typical structure. These include 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and a D-loop region. The nucleotide composition of the genome is 33.6% Adenine (A), 27.1% Thymine (T)/uracil (U), 25.8% Cytosine (C), and 13.4% Guanine (G). Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete mitochondrial genome sequences distinguished into three clades of cattle breed. Including B. javanicus (GenBank data), B. taurus, B. indicus and Bali cattle groups showed notable genetic variations. The results of this work offer genomic information capable of supporting the next investigations on the genetic structure and evolutionary background of Bali cattle.
Species diversity and abundance of Staphylinidae beetles in monoculture and polyculture vegetable agroecosystems in Cikole Village, West Bandung District, Indonesia LINDUNG TRI PUSPASARI; AMEILIA ZULIYANTI SIREGAR; SUPUTA SUPUTA; ABDUL HAFIZ AB MAJID
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260512

Abstract

Abstract. Puspasari LT, Siregar AZ, Suputa, Majid AHA. 2025. Species diversity and abundance of Staphylinidae beetles in monoculture and polyculture vegetable agroecosystems in Cikole Village, West Bandung District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2139-2147. Biodiversity plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem balance and supporting the sustainability of agricultural systems. One group of insects that contributes significantly to biological control is Staphylinidae (Coleoptera). Staphylinidae as biological control can be affected because monoculture practices can increase pest pressure, which is often overcome using synthetic pesticides. This study was conducted to fill this knowledge gap by measuring and comparing the diversity and abundance of Staphylinidae on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) and chili (Capsicum annuum) in four types of vegetable agroecosystem habitats: monoculture tomatoes, polyculture tomatoes, monoculture chilies, and polyculture chilies. The study conducted in the Cikole Lembang area, West Bandung District, Indonesia from July to September 2024 using the descriptive-exploratory method showed that the highest diversity was found in the Chili Polyculture (CP) agroecosystem with a H': 1.655 value, while the lowest was in Tomatoes (T) with H': 1.103. The highest uniformity was recorded in the CP agroecosystem (E: 0.572), indicating a more even distribution of individuals among species. Monoculture agroecosystems such as T (E: 0.398) have an uneven distribution of individuals, reflecting the dominance of certain species. The highest dominance value in T (D: 0.584) indicates the presence of a strong dominant species. In contrast, CP shows the lowest dominance value (D: 0.345), indicating a more balanced and diverse community. The highest similarity was observed between Chili (C) and Tomato Polyculture (TP) (index 0.84), indicating similar Staphylinidae communities in monoculture chili and polyculture tomato planting patterns. Polyculture planting patterns provide benefits to the diversity of Staphylinidae communities, especially in creating habitats that support unique species and increasing the even distribution of species. Monoculture, although efficient in production, tends to favor the dominance of certain species, which can limit biodiversity and increase the risk of ecosystem imbalance.
DNA barcode of native apple snail Pila virescens (Deshayes, 1824) (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) from Madura Island, Indonesia RENI AMBARWATI; DWI ANGGOROWATI RAHAYU; ULFI FAIZAH; NUR ROHMATIN ISNANINGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260313

Abstract

Abstract. Ambarwati R, Rahayu DA, Faizah U, Isnaningsih NR. 2025. DNA barcode of native apple snail Pila virescens (Deshayes, 1824) (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) from Madura Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1145-1155. Pila virescens is a native apple snail species in Indonesia that is currently under severe threats that urgently require our attention. This research is therefore crucial in validating P. virescens from Madura Island, using both morphological and molecular data, specifically DNA Barcode Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 (COI). Samples were collected from Tlambah Reservoir, Sampang, Madura. Morphological identification was conducted based on shell characteristics, while molecular characterization was applied based on DNA barcode COI. The 618-base pair (bp) of CO1 gene sequence was used for the analysis of genetic diversity and the reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree. Muscle samples were preserved in pure-grade ethanol and underwent a series of procedures, including DNA extraction, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and sequencing, all conducted with the utmost care and precision. Sequence data were analyzed using Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Systems, the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) web application, and haplotype network analysis. The results showed a high Haplotype diversity (Hd) of 0.09091 and a nucleotide diversity (?) of 0.17676, representing a substantial range of genetic variation. The frequency of parsimony informative sites was recorded at 26.48%, with 18 polymorphic sites identified, leading to a total transition/transversion (ts/tv) ratio of 2.4. Furthermore, the phylogenetic trees had a clear and distinct branching pattern for the cluster P. virescens with another ingroup. These results would significantly enhance the understanding of genetic diversity within the Pila genus, which is crucial for effective conservation efforts.

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