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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Comparison of soil microbial composition and fertility in rhizosphere of healthy and Fusarium wilt-affected sweet potato plants HANNY HIDAYATI NAFI’AH; RESTI FAJARFIKA; RAHMI FATIMAH; HARIS MAULANA; ANDREW YOEL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260243

Abstract

Abstract. Nafi’ah HH, Fajarfika R, Fatimah R, Maulana H, Yoel A. 2025. Comparison of soil microbial composition and fertility in rhizosphere of healthy and Fusarium wilt-affected sweet potato plants. Biodiversitas 26: 941-950. Fusarium wilt is a significant disease impacting sweet potato plants, primarily affecting the stem and inhibiting optimal growth. The severity of the disease is hypothesized to be influenced by soil microbial composition and fertility. Therefore, this research aimed to compare the microbial composition and soil fertility parameters in the rhizosphere of healthy sweet potato plants and those infected with Fusarium wilt. The hypothesis posited that these two plant groups had significant differences in microbial composition and soil fertility. The method used was a Cross-Sectional Survey, a robust approach that involved data collection obtained through observation and soil sampling. Soil samples were obtained from Kuningan and Garut Regencies. Microbial diversity and abundance were analyzed using targeted quantification techniques, including the Total Plate Count method on selective media. Parameters of soil fertility, such as pH, organic matter content, and nutrient concentrations, were also evaluated. The results showed significant distinctions in microbial composition, with diseased plants exhibiting a higher microbial population dominated by beneficial microbes, such as Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. A negative correlation was observed between Fusarium fungi and PSB. Additionally, differences in soil fertility characteristics were evident between the two locations. This research provided a better understanding of the microbial population in sweet potato plants and a foundation for developing more effective strategies to manage Fusarium wilt.
Screening and characterization of thermostable α-amylase-producing microbes from Karedhe North Buton Hot Springs, Indonesia SARLAN SARLAN; RUGAIYAH A. ARFAH; ABDUL KARIM; ANITA ANITA; AHYAR AHMAD; PAULINA TABA; HARNINGSIH KARIM; SITI HALIMAH LAREKENG; DOROTHEA AGNES RAMPISELA; RUSDINA BTE LADJU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261248

Abstract

Abstract. Sarlan, Arfah RA, Karim A, Anita, Ahmad A, Taba P, Karim H, Larekeng SH, Rampisela DA, Ladju RB. 2025. Screening and characterization of thermostable α-amylase-producing microbes from Karedhe North Buton Hot Springs, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6513-6522. This study aimed to screen and characterize thermophilic α-amylase-producing bacteria from samples collected at Karedhe hot springs. A total of 23 bacterial isolates were obtained, where 8 isolates showed amylolytic activity. Amylase activity was assessed by iodine staining, which showed significant starch hydrolysis, indicated by clear zones around bacterial colonies. The results showed that isolate SRL40-1-3 had the largest clear zone (4 cm), while SRL40-2-1 produced a clear zone of 5.1 cm, indicating their potential for efficient starch degradation. Additionally, biochemical tests revealed distinct metabolic profiles, with only SRL40-1-3 able to use citrate as a carbon source. Specifically, isolates SRL40-1-3 and SRL40-2-1 were identified as Enterobacter sp. and Enterobacter hormaechei, respectively, based on molecular analysis. Further optimization studies showed that the optimal starch and CaCl2 concentrations for enzyme production were 1.25% and 0.12%, respectively, for SRL40-1-3. The optimum fermentation times were 42 h for SRL40-1-3 and 45 h for SRL40-2-1. In line with the results, the characterization of crude enzyme α-amylase showed that the optimum pH for both isolates was pH 6 at 50°C. Aside from pH, the optimum starch concentrations for crude enzyme in SRL40-1-3 and SRL40-2-1 were 0.015% and 0.01%, respectively. These results indicate that thermophilic bacteria from Karedhe hot springs have potential applications in industries requiring efficient starch degradation, such as bioethanol production and food processing.
Identification of the nettle caterpillar in smallholding oil palm plantation cultivated on peatland in Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra, Indonesia ERISE ANGGRAINI; TIYAS SETIAWATI; SITI HERLINDA; CHANDRA IRSAN; MULAWARMAN MULAWARMAN; NUNI GOFAR; A. MUSLIM; WEI HONG LAU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260104

Abstract

Abstract. Anggraini E, Setiawati T, Herlinda S, Irsan C, Mulawarman, Gofar N, Muslim A, Lau WH. 2025. Identification of the nettle caterpillar in smallholding oil palm plantation cultivated on peatland in Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 36-44. Nettle caterpillars are a major pest in oil palm plantations, posing a significant threat to the productivity and sustainability of this crop. These voracious leaf-feeding caterpillars can cause severe damage, hindering plant growth, reducing fruit production, and even leading to the mortality of oil palm trees. This study aimed to identify the species of caterpillars that inflict damage, their physical traits, population densities, and the symptoms of their attacks. This study employed direct observation and documentation of caterpillar species in the field. Observations were conducted to assess the extent of damage inflicted by caterpillars in the field. Subsequently, document using a camera, collect field samples, and identification of the nettle caterpillars found in oil palm plantation cultivated on peatland in Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera, Indonesia. This investigation identified three species of caterpillars: Setora nitens, Birthosea bisura, and Parasa lepida. These three species of caterpillars typically exhibit similar coloration but possess distinct morphological traits. The S. nitens species predominates among the largest number of species. Caterpillars consume both young and mature oil palm leaves, remaining only in the midrib. Additional indications of the attack include perforations in the leaves. The incidence of caterpillar assaults may attain 100% of nettle caterpillar infestation, accompanied by an attack rate of 57.75%. This study concludes that three primary species of nettle caterpillar were identified in oil palm plantations, exhibiting indications of damage classified as fairly severe. Thus, effective management of nettle caterpillars is crucial to maintaining the productivity and profitability of oil palm plantations.
Characterization and biocontrol of Pantoea ananatis, the causal agent of rice bacterial leaf blight in Malang, Indonesia LUTFI TRI ANDRIANI; SUSILO HAMBEG POROMARTO; SUPYANI SUPYANI; EDI PURWANTO; HADIWIYONO HADIWIYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260405

Abstract

Abstract. Andriani LT, Poromarto SH, Supyani, Purwanto E, Hadiwiyono. 2025. Characterization and biocontrol of Pantoea ananatis, the causal agent of rice bacterial leaf blight in Malang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1537-1544. Disease outbreaks pose a significant obstacle to sustainable agricultural production. Two major diseases affecting rice crops are bacterial leaf blight and blast disease. Bacterial leaf blight caused by Pantoea ananatis is considered new, based on field observations, the cause of bacterial leaf blight is still Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Research on P. ananatis is important to provide new knowledge about the causes of bacterial leaf blight other than X. oryzae pv. oryzae. The symptoms of bacterial leaf blight include yellowing and browning of the leaf, followed by drying, resulting in death of the leaf cells. The objectives of this study were to isolate the bacteria, identify them morphologically and molecularly, determine physiological characteristics and explore their biocontrol potential using rhizobacteria. Bacterial characterization was performed both morphologically and physiologically. This study determined the hypersensitive response of tobacco leaves, physiological and biochemical characteristics, pathogenicity tests, and molecular identification via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacteria formed yellow colonies on yeast chalk dextrose agar at 36°C. Isolate was positive for indole and Levan tests, used citrate as a carbon source, and liquefied gelatin at low temperatures. The bacteria showed positive results in tobacco hypersensitivity and pathogenicity tests on paddy rice. Molecular identification results showed that the bacterial pathogen was identified as P. ananatis. The result of biocontrol potential test was shown that bacteria with the code UNS-R2 can control the pathogenic bacteria P. ananatis using spray method. These findings can be used as new knowledge about the types of leaf blight pathogens other than X. oryzae and their control alternatives to determine tactical steps in integrated crop management toward sustainable agriculture. This is the first report on the identification and characterization of P. ananatis in rice in Indonesia and the biocontrol potential using rhizobacteria.
Evaluating the potential of gut bacteria in Oryctes rhinoceros larvae as biocontrol agents against Ganoderma boninense pathogen in oil palm plantations ROSFINA LORENSI BR SURBAKTI; MARHENI MARHENI; DARMA BAKTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260342

Abstract

Abstract. Surbakti RLB, Marheni, Bakti D. 2025. Evaluating the potential of gut bacteria in Oryctes rhinoceros larvae as biocontrol agents against Ganoderma boninense pathogen in oil palm plantations. Biodiversitas 26: 1414-1423. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the important commodities in Indonesia. One of the plant pest and disease organisms that inhibit the growth of oil palm productivity is the Ganoderma boninense pathogen and the rhino pest insect (Oryctes rhinoceros). Insects have diverse and abundant microbes in their gut systems. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the function of gut bacteria in multispecies interactions may not only lead to the discovery of new resources for biocontrol but could also facilitate the development of new biopesticides. The larval stage of O. rhinoceros consumes empty oil palm fruit bunches to grow and develop into pupae. Various types of symbiont bacteria can be found in one type of insect. These bacteria are known to produce several hydrolase enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, and chitinase. This study aimed to identify bacteria from the intestines of O. rhinoceros larvae and determine their potential to inhibit the growth of G. boninense, which causes stem rot disease in oil palm plants in vitro. This research was conducted at the Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, PT. Genetics Science Indonesia, Tangerang, between April - September 2024. The methods used include morphological identification of the isolate and physiological, biochemical, and molecular identification of the bacteria using 16s rRNA gene sequencing and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), as well as antagonist tests and hydrolysis tests for chitinase, protease, and cellulase enzymes. In this study, two bacterial isolates capable of inhibiting the growth of G. boninense in vitro were identified; isolate BS1, identified as Bacillus stercoris, with an inhibition rate of 42.14%, and isolate BS2, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with an inhibition rate of 63.68%.
Impact of human activities on coral metric diversity and disease prevalence in Padamarang and Wangi Wangi Islands, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia RATNA DIYAH PALUPI; LA ODE MUHAMMAD YASIR HAYA; ANINDITIA SABDANINGSIH; DIAH AYUNINGRUM; AGUS SABDONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260333

Abstract

Abstract. Palupi RD, Haya LOMY, Sabdaningsih A, Ayuningrum D, Sabdono A. 2025. Impact of human activities on coral metric diversity and disease prevalence in Padamarang and Wangi Wangi Islands, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1334-1342. Coral diseases are emerging throughout Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia which might be due to local anthropogenic stressors. This study aims to investigate the impact of anthropogenic stress on coral cover and the prevalence of coral disease in Padamarang (uninhabited) and Wangi Wangi (inhabited) Islands. Data were observed and collected by Scuba Diving in these sites in February-March 2023. The prevalence of diseases was calculated as the mean percentage of coral colonies affected by disease per 100 m2 belt transect. The findings indicated both sites showed relatively similar values for Genus Richness, H-index, and Evenness, suggesting comparable ecological diversity across the sites. Specifically, Padamarang exhibited a slightly lower Genus Richness (11.24 vs 12.48), and its Evenness value was also marginally higher (0.61 vs 0.58 in Wangi Wangi). However, the statistical significance of the abundance differences suggests that Wangi Wangi may support a denser coral population overall. Porites sp. showed a particularly high rate of infection, with White Syndrome, White Band Disease, and Black Band Disease being the most frequently observed illnesses. It is expected that the results of this research will provide better insight into the impact of anthropogenic stress on coral reef health and encourage further conservation efforts to safeguard this important coral ecosystem.
Microplastics in the digestive organs of little egret (Egretta garzetta) in Tanjung Rejo Village, Deli Serdang District, North Sumatra, Indonesia ERNI JUMILAWATY; MAYANG ADINDA HARAHAP; MOHAMMAD BASYUNI; BEJO SLAMET
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260542

Abstract

Abstract. Jumilawaty E, Harahap MA, Basyuni M, Slamet B. 2025. Microplastics in the digestive organs of little egret (Egretta garzetta) in Tanjung Rejo Village, Deli Serdang District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2460-2466. Microplastics, derived from the degradation of plastic waste measuring <5 mm, pose significant environmental risks. In aquatic ecosystems, microplastics can be inadvertently ingested by organisms, including waterbird species such as the little egret (Egretta garzetta). Microplastic ingestion may cause internal damage, digestive blockages, and exposure to toxic substances that threaten overall health and survival. This study aimed to identify the types, colors, and abundance of microplastics in the stomach and intestines of E. garzetta. Sampling was conducted purposively in Tanjung Rejo Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia, based on the presence of E. garzetta. Three individuals were captured using a trapping method, and their digestive tracts were extracted with 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH). Microplastics from the stomach and intestine samples were identified morphologically under a microscope and analyzed descriptively. The results revealed the presence of microplastic contamination in both the stomach and intestines, with synthetic fibers (e.g., nylon, polyester), fragments, and films being the predominant types detected. Fragments were the most abundant microplastic type, likely originating from household waste. A total of 48 particles were found in the stomach and 44 particles in the intestines. Black microplastics were the most prevalent (59%) in proportion, while blue microplastics were the least common (3%). The abundance of fiber as the second most prevalent type of microplastics, averaged 16 particles in the stomach and 14 particles in the intestines per individual. The findings confirmed the presence of microplastic contamination within the body of little egrets, with fibers, fragments, and films identified as the predominant types. These findings promote the need for further research and mitigation strategies to address microplastic pollution in waterbird habitats.
Benthic macroinvertebrate variability as an indicator of aquatic health in the Bone River, Gorontalo, Indonesia MIFTAHUL KHAIR KADIM; NURALIM PASISINGI; ABDUL HAFIDZ OLII; ASUS MAIZAR SURYANTO HERTIKA; DIANA ARFIATI; ENDANG HERAWATI YULI; DEWI WAHYUNI K. BADERAN; SUCIYONO SUCIYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260324

Abstract

Abstract. Kadim MK, Pasisingi N, Olii AH, Hertika AMS, Arfiati D, Yuli EH, Baderan DW, Suciyono. 2025. Benthic macroinvertebrate variability as an indicator of aquatic health in the Bone River, Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1247-1256. The Bone River in Gorontalo, Indonesia is at risk of pollution due to anthropogenic activities in the surrounding area. Macroinvertebrates serve as bioindicators of pollution based on their community characteristics, including sedentary behavior, limited mobility, and sensitivity to water quality. This study aims to assess macroinvertebrate communities and evaluate the water quality of the Bone River watershed using the Biological Monitoring Working Party-Average Score Per Taxon (BMWP-ASPT) biotic index. Macroinvertebrate community variability was examined across 12 observation stations. Sampling was conducted during periods of low river discharge and in the absence of precipitation. Observation stations were purposefully selected based on prevailing ecological conditions (preferably riffle areas) and potential contamination sources from land use activities. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected between April and August during the 2021-2023 period and were identified at the family level. A total of 7,456 individuals, representing 43 genera, were recorded, with Platybaetis, Cheumatopsyche, Chironomus, and Coxelmis being widely distributed along the river. Moderate diversity, a high evenness index, and the dominance index suggest that no single macroinvertebrate species dominates the community. The BMWP-ASPT values ranged from 3.08 to 6.77, indicating varying levels of pollution in the Bone River. The findings demonstrate a progressive decline in river health, with worsening conditions observed downstream over the study period.
Isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi and their antagonistic activity against Fusarium spp., the causal agent of yellow disease in Piper nigrum SOFIAN SOFIAN; SUYADI SUYADI; NURHASANAH NURHASANAH; SOPIALENA SOPIALENA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260431

Abstract

Abstract. Sofian, Suyadi, Nurhasanah, Sopialena. 2025. Isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi and their antagonistic activity against Fusarium spp., the causal agent of yellow disease in Piper nigrum. Biodiversitas 26: 1816-1826. Yellow disease in pepper (Piper nigrum), caused by Fusarium spp., significantly impacts crop productivity, manifesting as yellowing, wilting, defoliation, and root necrosis. Endophytic fungi offer a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides for managing Fusarium spp. infections. The objective of this study was isolate and characterize endophytic fungi from Piper nigrum, Piper crocatum, and Capsicum annuum. Fungi were obtained from roots, stems, and leaves, cultured on PDA medium, and identified based on macroscopic and microscopic traits. The result revealed that a diverse community of endophytic fungi was associated with host-specific variations in fungal taxa. P. nigrum exhibited the highest fungal diversity, likely due to its rich phytochemical composition. A total of six fungal genera were identified: Trichoderma sp., Gliocladium sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Geotrichum sp., and Cephalosporium sp., each displaying unique morphological and functional attributes. Penicillium sp., Gliocladium sp., and Trichoderma sp. were found in several host plants, demonstrating their adaptability and potential for pathogen suppression. Notably, Gliocladium sp. and Trichoderma sp. showed remarkably rapid growth, giving them an advantage in competing for space and resources. Antagonistic assays further confirmed their ability to inhibit Fusarium sp.; Gliocladium sp. isolated from P. nigrum exhibited the highest effectiveness, consistently outperforming other isolates. This remarkable performance may be attributed to its dual antagonistic strategies—competition and antibiosis. Gliocladium sp. (PN) demonstrates a remarkable ability to establish sustained interactions with pathogens, ensuring prolonged suppression of Fusarium sp. over time. This capability highlights its potential utility in managing yellow disease in P. nigrum.
Ethnobotanical study of sikkam (Bischofia javanica) in Simalungun District, North Sumatra, Indonesia RIDAHATI RAMBEY; BINTANG PANDAPOTAN PANJAITAN; SUKENDRA PURBA; ANITA ZAITUNAH; RAHMAWATY RAHMAWATY; SUTOMO SUTOMO; MUHAMMAD HADI SAPUTRA; PENIWIDIYANTI PENIWIDIYANTI; FAEZAH PARDI; MOHD NAZIP SURATMAN; MOHD HASMADI ISMAIL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260536

Abstract

Abstract. Rambey R, Panjaitan BP, Purba S, Zaitunah A, Rahmawaty, Sutomo, Saputra MH, Peniwidiyanti, Pardi F, Suratman MN, Ismail MH. 2025. Ethnobotanical study of sikkam (Bischofia javanica) in Simalungun District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2393-2401. Sikkam (Bischofia javanica) is a culturally significant plant traditionally utilized as both a medicinal resource and a culinary seasoning by the Simalungun community in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The ethnobotanical use of B. javanica was documented in this study by evaluating the utilized plant parts, associated disease treatments, methods of application and processing, traditional culinary uses, and descriptive insights into conservation knowledge and harvesting techniques of B. javanica. Quantitative ethnobotanical parameters, including Reported Use (RU) and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), were also assessed based on information obtained from the Simalungun community in three villages: Pondok Buluh, Sipolha Harison, and Sirube Rube. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with local knowledge holders, identified using a snowball sampling technique. The study recorded 14 traditional medicinal uses and 10 culinary applications for B. javanica. The highest ICS value for medicinal use was attributed to its role in treating diarrhea (30%), while its most significant culinary application was as a key ingredient in Dayok Nabinatur seasoning (50%). Processing methods were predominantly characterized by squeezing, with 75.13% of medicinal preparations and 100% of culinary uses relying on this technique. The presence of B. javanica in mixed agroforestry systems and community-managed landscapes, reflecting local conservation practices. These findings emphasize the cultural and practical importance of B. javanica in Simalungun communities, reflecting its role in sustaining traditional knowledge and supporting livelihoods. Promoting sustainable use and conservation of B. javanica can contribute to biodiversity preservation and the protection of intangible cultural heritage, offering pathways for its utilization beyond local communities.

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