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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Exploring plastic-degrading enzyme producers from Ascidian-associated bacteria in Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia DIAH AYUNINGRUM; MOH YUNUS SHUKOR; MUFTI PETALA PATRIA; BUNTORA PASARIBU; SULISTIOWATI SULISTIOWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260303

Abstract

Abstract. Ayuningrum D, Shukor MY, Patria MP, Pasaribu B, Sulistiowati S. 2025. Exploring plastic-degrading enzyme producers from Ascidian-associated bacteria in Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1050-1061. Ascidians are sessile, benthic invertebrate chordates that attach to various substrates, including hard corals, ship decks, buoys, and marine debris such as wood or plastic waste. This study aimed to isolate ascidian-associated bacteria from Karimunjawa National Park, explore their potential as PETase enzyme producers, and identify the bacteria using morphological and molecular approaches via the 16S rRNA gene. The research employed an exploratory descriptive and experimental approach. A total of nine ascidian samples were used as inoculum sources, specifically Eusynstyela sp., Didemnum sp., Clavelina arafurensis, Pseudodistoma fragile, Lissoclinum sp., Rhopalaea crassa, Phallusia sp., Rhopalaea macrothorax, and Aplidium breveriventer. From these samples, 45 pure bacterial isolates were obtained. Screening for plastic degradation activity revealed that 33% of the isolates exhibited enzymatic activity, with two isolates (13%) demonstrating plastic-degrading activity as many as ?5%. These two potential isolates, KJ12-01 Z (-4)/3 and KJ07-01 (-2)/1, were identified as Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative rods, respectively. Sequence alignment and BLAST analysis from 16S rRNA gene amplification using PCR technique on the NCBI database showed that bacterial isolate of KJ12-01 Z (-4)/3 had 99.16% similarity with Staphylococcus condimenti, while KJ07-01 (-2)/1 had 99.36% similarity with Alloalcanivorax dieselolei. These findings indicate that ascidian-associated bacteria can serve as a promising source of PETase enzyme-producing inoculum.
Butterfly diversity along an altitudinal gradient and land uses in East Java, Indonesia AMIN SETYO LEKSONO; BAGYO YANUWIADI; NAJMATUL MILLAH; SAIFUL ARIF ABDULLAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260204

Abstract

Abstract. Leksono AS, Yanuwiadi B, Millah N, Abdullah SA. 2025. Butterfly diversity along an altitudinal gradient and land uses in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 551-563. Butterflies are a group of insects that are vulnerable to disturbances due to changes in land use. Land-use changes due to human activities can have negative impacts on insects, including butterflies. This study aims to analyze butterfly diversity at different elevations and land uses in Lumajang, East Java, Indonesia. Butterfly diversity was surveyed using an active visual survey method by adopting Pollard Walk transect. The samplings were made for three months (August to October 2022) in seven sites along an altitudinal gradient. The characteristics of butterfly assemblages in East Java were analyzed in terms of the number of individuals, the species richness, and Shannon's diversity index. A total of 3099 individual butterflies belong to 123 species and six families were observed in seven locations. The abundance of butterflies varied among study sites. The highest species richness and diversity were found in Ranu Bedali, representing forest/plantation areas in lower altitudes, while the lowest was found in Kandangtepus representing an area dominated by arable land. The abundance, species richness, and diversity across elevation and land use differ significantly between locations. In general temperature, light intensity and forests or plantations had positives effect on butterfly abundance, richness, diversity and composition, while humidity, altitude, shrubs or grasses, and agriculture land had negative influences on those butterfly parameters.
Enhancing ecosystem representation in Palestine through strategic recommendations for an effective protected areas network MOHAMMED SALEEM ALI-SHTAYEH; SALAM YOUSEF ABU-ZAITOUN; RANA MAJED JAMOUS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260328

Abstract

Abstract. Ali-Shtayeh MS, Abu-Zaitoun SY, Jamous RM. 2025. Enhancing ecosystem representation in Palestine through strategic recommendations for an effective protected areas network. Biodiversitas 26: 1287-1302. Protected Areas (PAs) in the West Bank, Palestine, were established over 50 years ago to conserve the region’s diverse ecosystems. However, their effectiveness remains questionable. This study uses systematic conservation planning and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools to evaluate the representativeness of the 2015 and 2023 Protected Areas Networks (PAsN) in conserving ecosystems and vegetation types. The assessment benchmarks these networks against global conservation standards, such as the Aichi Biodiversity Target of 17%. Indicators such as ecosystem unit representation percentage, the Biodiversity Conservation Index (BCI), and the Comparison Index (CI) were used to evaluate their conservation effectiveness. Findings reveal that key ecosystem units, such as Evergreen Mediterranean Maquis (2.15%), and key vegetation types, including Maquis and Forest (2.11%) and Park Forest (5.40%), are severely underrepresented. In contrast, Desert Salines (46.37%) and Desert Vegetation (43.06%) exceed protection targets. Although revisions to the 2023-PAsN increased PAs coverage to 10.8% of the West Bank, the network remains unevenly distributed, with western ecosystems and vegetation types under intense human pressure. Flaws in previous studies, such as incomplete biodiversity data, arbitrary conservation thresholds, and limited field validation, compromised the design and effectiveness of the national PAsN-2023. These oversights resulted in insufficient protection measures and the exclusion of vital conservation areas. To address these challenges, the study recommends expanding the PA network to ensure more equitable coverage of ecosystem units and vegetation types, reinstating omitted areas with high conservation value, establishing micro-reserves for localized protection of unique habitats and threatened plants found in non-protected natural lands, and enhancing stakeholder collaboration to ensure inclusive and sustainable management. These findings emphasize the urgency of adopting a scientifically rigorous and balanced approach to ecosystem units and vegetation conservation in Palestine.
Correlations between human-modified landscape structure and bird diversity in Paseh Sub-district, Sumedang District, Indonesia SUSANTI WITHANINGSIH; MUHAMAD GALIH RAMDHANI; FIRMAN HADI; PARIKESIT PARIKESIT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260421

Abstract

Abstract. Withaningsih S, Ramdhani MG, Hadi F, Parikesit. 2025. Correlations between human-modified landscape structure and bird diversity in Paseh Sub-district, Sumedang District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1706-1719. Various factors, including environmental conditions, human activities, and land use patterns, influence the diversity of bird species. The characteristics of each land use pattern will affect the diversity of bird species in a given area. The present study aims to investigate the correlations between human-modified landscape structures and bird diversity in the Paseh Sub-district, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia, highlighting how changes in land use and habitat composition influence avian species richness and distribution. Research on the relationship between bird species diversity and landscape structure in the Paseh Sub-district was conducted using the point count method for collecting bird data. Landscape structure was analyzed using Fragstats software, and the results were analyzed using Spearman correlation. The study recorded 74 bird species from 32 families, totaling 3,115 individuals. The Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) was the most abundant species, accounting for 38.1%. Bird diversity in Paseh Sub-district was assessed based on various land use patterns: settlements (H = 1.47), mixed gardens (H = 3.13), rice fields (H = 2.65), and others (H = 2.65). The overall bird species diversity was moderate (H = 2.91). The landscape influenced bird diversity. Larger areas (TA), longer edges (TE), more patches (NP, PR), complex patch shapes (MSI, MPFD), and lower landscape heterogeneity (SHDI) were correlated with higher bird species diversity.
Vegetation diversity in the Geumpang Protected Forest Area, Pidie District, Aceh, Indonesia ASHABUL ANHAR; GINA ERIDA; ASTRI WINDA SIREGAR; HANIFA RAHMAH; ALI M. MUSLIH; ILHAM HANAFI; DURRAH HAYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260921

Abstract

Abstract. Anhar A, Erida G, Siregar AW, Rahmah H, Muslih AM, Hanafi I, Hayati D. 2025. Vegetation diversity in the Geumpang Protected Forest Area, Pidie District, Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4490-4499. Forests, as complex ecosystems, play a vital role in maintaining global environmental balance by providing critical ecosystem services such as biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and water management. The Geumpang Protected Forest Area (PFA) in Pidie District, Aceh, Indonesia, is a key area for ecological stability and community benefits, making biodiversity research essential to inform conservation efforts and sustainable forest management policies. The research was conducted in the Geumpang PFA. This study employed vegetation analysis techniques with 63 plots of varying sizes established to collect data on species, individual counts, stem diameters, and tree heights. Data analysis included indices for diameter distribution, Importance Value Index (IVI), species dominance (C), species diversity (H'), evenness (E), and richness (R) to assess forest composition and structure. The results highlighted species composition across growth stages, with indices providing insights into dominance, diversity, and distribution patterns within the forest ecosystem. The Geumpang PFA contains a wide variety of vegetation diversity, comprising 14 species at the seedling stage, 30 species at the sapling stage, 32 species at the pole stage, and 39 species at the tree stage, with a total of 46 vegetation species across all growth stages. The tree diameter distribution in the Geumpang PFA forms an inverted J-shaped curve. The highest IVI is recorded for Lithocarpus sp. in tree (77.18%) and pole (32.92%) stages, Ficus hispida in sapling stage (24.83%), and Coffea canephora in seedling stage (65.43%). In general, the C in Geumpang PFA is low across all growth stages, with values approaching 0. The H’ ranges from medium to high, with a high value in the pole stage (3.12) and medium values in the tree, sapling, and seedling stages (2.94, 2.89, and 2.10, respectively). The E shows the pole stage with the highest value (0.90) and the seedling stage with the lowest (0.79). The R shows high species richness at the tree (R: 6.31), pole (R: 5.77), and sapling stages (R: 5.28), while the seedling stage has low richness (R: 2.86). The high vegetation diversity and early-stage regeneration challenges in the Geumpang PFA underscore the urgent need for conservation succession, ecosystem resilience, and local community benefits.
Water quality assessment based on saprobic index of phytoplankton with emphasis on several potentially Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) JABANG NURDIN; RIZKI AZIZ; LASTRI NUR; MUHAMMAD NAZRI JANRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260238

Abstract

Abstract. Nurdin J, Aziz R, Nur L, Janra MN. 2025. Water quality assessment based on saprobic index of phytoplankton with emphasis on several potentially Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Biodiversitas 26: 890-899. The estuary is one of the most productive ecosystems on earth due to the accumulation of all materials, including nutrients, from the upstream to the downstream. This ecosystem also plays a role in habitat function for many living organisms, such as protists, bacteria, invertebrates, and vertebrates. However, this ecosystem may suffer from the accumulation of waste, which leads to pollution. This study aims to investigate and update the information regarding water quality based on the phytoplankton from the estuaries in Padang City, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, and its potential as Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Sampling was conducted from November to December 2023 at six estuaries in Padang, and several formulas, such as diversity, equitability, dominance, Bray-Curtis, and saprobic indices, were used to analyze all of the data, respectively. A total of 130 species of phytoplankton belonging to five classes were identified, where Bacillariophyceae showed the highest diversity (98 species). Overall, the phytoplankton was moderate to highly diverse (2.95>=H' >=3.93), highly equitable (0.73>=EH>=0.93), low dominant species (0.03>=C>=0.11), and the highest similarity using Bray-Curtis occur between station 5 and station 6. At the same time, the Saprobic index was constant (X: 1.00). The pollution status at these estuaries could be considered light at the b-mesosaprobic or b-meso/oligosaprobic phase. In addition, 16 phytoplankton species were identified as HABs from these estuaries, including Alexandrium, Dinophysis, Prorocentrum, and Pseudo-nitzschia. Reducing the source of pollution from organic or non-organic materials, where the majority come from household waste disposal, may keep the health and quality of the rivers and estuaries in Padang
Enhanced mycorrhiza helper bacterial inoculant for improving the health of Arabica coffee seedlings grown in nematode-infected soil REGINAWANTI HINDERSAH; IIS NUR ASYIAH; WIDI AMARIA; BETTY NATALIE FITRIATIN; IMAM MUDAKIR; SAON BANERJEE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260114

Abstract

Abstract. Hindersah R, Asyiah IN, Amaria W, Fitriatin BN, Mudakir I, Banerjee S. 2025. Enhanced mycorrhiza helper bacterial inoculant for improving the health of Arabica coffee seedlings grown in nematode-infected soil. Biodiversitas 26: 127-124. The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria (MHB) combine to combat the Pratylenchus coffeae nematode infection on coffee plantations sustainably and synergistically. Additionally, AMF facilitates the availability of phosphorus in plants. The objectives of present study are to formulate an enhanced MHB liquid inoculant containing Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas diminuta, and to test its efficacy in controlling P. coffeae in roots, improving P status in soil and plants, and promoting the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings infested with the nematodes. MHB liquid inoculant was enhanced by optimizing molasses, nitrogen, phosphorus, and MHB concentrations. The five treatments were used, and five replications were in a randomized block-design greenhouse experiment to investigate the AMF Glomus agregatum and MHB inoculant. The improved substrate for MHB liquid inoculant comprised 2% molasses, 0.05% NH4Cl, and 0.1% KH2PO4, with a 2:3 initial volume ratio of B. subtilis and P. diminuta. Scaling up the MHB inoculant in the 2 L reactor boosted the bacterial population to 1010 CFU/mL and the P content to 100 mg/kg. Applying 200 AMF spores and 109 CFU/mL MHB increased leaf number, plant P uptake, and soil P while decreasing root damage and nematode population in soil and roots. Combined AMF and MHB reduced P. coffeae infestation in roots by 70.79% and increased P content in soil and plants by 57.2% and 61.9%, respectively.
The study of diversity and distribution of bats in several fragmented forests and small adjacent islands in Batam City, Riau Island, Indonesia FAUZIAH SYAMSI; WILSON NOVARINO; DAHELMI DAHELMI; CHAIRUL CHAIRUL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260123

Abstract

Abstract. Syamsi F, Novarino W, Dahelmi, Chairul. 2025. The study of diversity and distribution of bats in several fragmented forests and small adjacent islands in Batam City, Riau Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 223-232. Bats are ecologically and taxonomically diverse and crucial in tropical ecosystems, including on islands. This study compares bat diversity in fragmented forests on urban islands and adjacent islands connected by bridges to assess the impact of urbanization on bat populations, providing insights for conservation and habitat management. We sampled bats across four sites in Batam City, Indonesia, including two secondary forests (SF1 and SF2) and two small islands (SI1 and SI2). Using 120 harp trap nights and 120 net nights, we captured 429 bats representing 15 species and 4 families. Our findings revealed moderate bat diversity (H' 1.02 to 1.66), with SF1 being the most stable habitat, showing balanced species richness, evenness (0.72), and low dominance (0.24), indicating an evenly distributed community. The Bray-Curtis Similarity index indicated that SF1 had a distinct bat community with only 58% similarity to other habitats. Notably, two near-threatened species were found in SF1, emphasizing its ecological significance. The study suggests that fragmented forests with healthy vegetation and habitat complexity surrounding urban areas are more supportive of bat populations than small islands with limited resources. These results highlight the need for targeted conservation efforts in forest fragments surrounding urban areas to preserve bat diversity in Batam City, Riau Island, Indonesia.
Short Communication: Orchid diversity in the riparian area of Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia BISMA YOGA HERDANANTA; RESSA KARINA; SOFIYANA KHOIRUNNISA; GILANG DWI NUGROHO; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251242

Abstract

Abstract. Herdananta BY, Karina R, Khoirunnisa S, Nugraha GD, Setyawan AD. 2024. Short communication: Orchid diversity in the riparian area of Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 5046-5054. Riparian area provides various ecosystem services, including the habitat of orchids. This research aimed to determine the diversity of orchid species along the riverbank of Samin River, Karanganyar-Sukoharjo Districts, Central Java, Indonesia. Data collection was conducted in three segments of the river: upstream (Blumbang and Gondosuli Villages), middle stream (Girilayu and Plosorejo Villages) and downstream (Kadokan Village). At each station, explorative method using cruising path with length of 1 km along the riverbank and width of 5-10 meters on both sides was used to document the presence of orchids. Data was analyzed to produce the Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index (H'), evenness index (E), and Margalef species richness index (R). This study recorded 19 species of orchids in which 13 species with 198 individuals were found in the upstream, four species with 154 individuals in the middle stream, and two species with 2 individuals in the downstream. Orchid species with the highest frequency was Crepidium kobi. There were 5 species of terrestrial orchids and 14 species of epiphytic orchids. For the epiphytic orchid, Zone 3 on the host tree was the zone with the largest number of species and individuals found. The upstream and middle stream had moderate diversity, while the downstream had low diversity. The three stations had different evenness categories in which quite evenly distributed in the upstream, less even in the middle stream and uneven in the downstream. All three stations had low richness index. The findings of this study suggest that the importance of maintaining riparian habitats to support the sustainability of biodiversity, especially orchid. Conservation efforts can help maintain the balance of ecosystems and biodiversity in this area. This study can be the basis for more effective conservation management in riparian areas.
Quality of sugar palm sap (Arenga pinnata) from various production centers in West Sumatra, Indonesia TUTY ANGGRAINI; ASWALDI ANWAR; DINI HERVANI; DEDE SUHENDRA; MUHAMMAD PARIKESIT WISNUBROTO; NOFLINDAWATI NOFLINDAWATI; ILHAM HAMIDI NASUTION
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260234

Abstract

Abstract. Anggraini T, Anwar A, Hervani D, Suhendra D, Wisnubroto MP, Noflindawati, Nst IM. 2025. Quality of sugar palm sap (Arenga pinnata) from various production centers in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 859-860. Arenga pinnata is a palm tree that produces palm sap, which contains high sugar content and offers a sweet taste and bioactive components that function as antioxidants. These A. pinnata trees grow in West Sumatra, where sugar palm fruit and palm sap sugar are the main horticultural products. In this study, we investigated the quality of palm sap (A. pinnata) from various sap-producing regions thrive in West Sumatra, Indonesia, focusing on their color, total sugar contents, antioxidant activities, total phenolic contents, and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) measurements. We compared palm sap sugar from the West Pasaman, Agam, Tanah Datar, Limapuluh Kota, South Solok, and Dharmasraya regions in West Sumatra. The color of palm sugar sap is vibrant yellow-red. The total sugar content ranges from 7-15.73%. The antioxidant activity of palm sap varies based on its concentration, with its total polyphenol content ranging from 46.32-499.32 mg GAE/g, highlighting the potential health benefits of palm sap. We also used the FTIR analysis to identify functional groups in the samples. This finding showed that the quality of palm sap found in West Sumatra varies in terms of quality. Based on its antioxidant content, MNJ A has the highest antioxidant activity, and TLM A has the highest total polyphenols. These results show that total polyphenols are not the only ones that contribute to the antioxidant activity of palm sap.

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