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Adam Mudinillah
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INDONESIA
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law
Published by Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi
ISSN : 29884454     EISSN : 29884462     DOI : 10.70177/rjl
Core Subject :
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law is a leading international journal focused on the global exchange of knowledge in Law as well as advancing research and practice across law disciplines. The journal provides a forum for articles reporting on original research, systematic and scholarly reviews focused on law from around the world. Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law publishes national and international research in an attempt to present a reliable and respectable information source for the researchers. Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law has been published since 2023 and is published quarterly. However, since 2025, this journal has changed the number of publications, i.e., bi-monthly | February, April, June, August, October, and December. Articles submitted for publication are subject to a double-blind review process. This journal publishes original articles in English.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 132 Documents
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Implementation of Inclusive Education Policies for Persons with Disabilities Bela Nirmala; Febiana Febiana; Salwa Salsabina; Sri Primawati Indraswari; Raden Henda
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i5.2260

Abstract

Background. Limited access to education for people with disabilities in Indonesia, especially in Cirebon City, is still a serious issue that causes social and economic inequality. Inclusive education is a strategic solution to ensure equal rights, but its implementation in the field is often not optimal. Purpose. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of inclusive education policies in SLB Negeri in Cirebon City based on effectiveness, efficiency, and responsiveness. Methods. The method used is normative juridical with a descriptive approach, focusing on Law No. 8 of 2016 and Cirebon City Regional Regulation No. 10 of 2023. Result. The study's results show that the policy has not been implemented optimally due to limited human resources, infrastructure, minimal teacher training, and complex bureaucracy. In addition, there is still inequality between Public and Private SLBs. Conclusion. Based on William N. Dunn's policy evaluation, this policy has been ineffective and unresponsive. It is necessary to increase the budget, train educators, simplify the bureaucracy, and strengthen the monitoring and evaluation system. Implementation. This study recommends improving regulations and cross-sectoral collaboration to ensure equal access to education for people with disabilities.
Interpol Red Notices as Surrogate Tools of Political Persecution: Normative Failure and Reform Ignasius Justin Devrata; Joko Setiyono
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v4i3.2347

Abstract

Background. INTERPOL Red Notices are designed to facilitate international police cooperation by assisting member countries in locating and provisionally arresting wanted persons pending extradition or similar legal proceedings. However, in practice, Red Notices may produce coercive effects despite their non-binding character, particularly when used by authoritarian regimes to pursue political opponents, journalists, human rights defenders, refugees, and exiled critics across jurisdictions. Purpose. This study aims to analyze the normative failure of existing protection mechanisms, particularly Article 3 of the INTERPOL Constitution and the Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files (CCF), in preventing the misuse of Red Notices as surrogate tools of political persecution, and to formulate a reconstructed normative oversight framework. Method. This research employs doctrinal legal research with a prescriptive-analytical specification, using statutory, conceptual, case-based, comparative, and historical approaches. The legal materials consist of INTERPOL legal instruments, CCF-related documents, international human rights norms, selected cases, scholarly literature, and comparative legal materials. Results. The study finds that the normative failure arises from the abstract formulation of Article 3, formalistic assessment of ordinary criminal charges, reactive nature of CCF remedies, limited procedural transparency, reliance on information supplied by requesting states, and fragmented domestic implementation of Red Notices. Conclusion. The oversight of INTERPOL Red Notices should be reconstructed through a preventive, contextual, and rights-based framework, including a contextual political-motivation test, heightened scrutiny for vulnerable political targets, rebuttable presumptions in refugee or asylum-related cases, burden-shifting to requesting states, stronger interim measures, and greater procedural transparency.
Analysis Working Relationship Between Employees and Notaries/PPAT (Study at the Khairul Anwar Nasution Notary Office) Yeltriana Yeltriana; Ismed Coal
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i4.2436

Abstract

Background. This research is based on the complexity of the employment relationship between employees and Notaries/PPATs, particularly regarding rights and obligations, forms of employment agreements, and legal certainty, which often give rise to ambiguity and potential conflicts. Purpose. The main objective of the research is to analyze the characteristics of the employment relationship at the Khairul Anwar Nasution Notary Office, assess the level of compliance of these work practices with applicable employment regulations, and identify obstacles and alternative solutions in implementing equitable employment relationships. Method. This research uses an empirical juridical approach with a descriptive-qualitative method; primary data were collected through interviews with employees and Notaries/PPATs, direct observation, and review of employment agreement documents, while secondary data were obtained from legal literature, employment regulations, and relevant court decisions. Results. The results show that the employment relationship at the office is generally characterized by a subordination relationship, with employment agreements often not set out in writing, and there is uncertainty regarding the length of employment, fulfillment of wage rights, social security, and legal protection. Conclusion. In conclusion, although there is awareness regarding the importance of compliance with employment regulations, employment practices at the Khairul Anwar Nasution Notary Office are not yet fully in line with legal provisions, so it is necessary to prepare written.
Law Enforcement Against the Eradication of Thuggery in Brimob Company 2, Battalion A, Buntu Bedimbar Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency Abdul Muharram Henry; Herlina Hanum Harahap
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i5.2438

Abstract

Background. The phenomenon of thuggery in Indonesia, particularly in Deli Serdang Regency, continues to grow, even amidst increasingly difficult economic conditions and rising unemployment. These ongoing incidents of thuggery seriously disrupt public order and security. Objective. The aim of this research is to provide a general overview of the police's efforts in maintaining public security and order, enforcing the law, and providing protection, maintenance and services to the community in order to maintain security. Method. The research method used in this thesis is empirical legal research. Empirical legal research can also be called sociological legal research and field research. Sociological legal research is based on primary data. Results. Law enforcement against thuggery in the Mobile Brigade Unit 2, Battalion A, Buntu Bedimbar Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency, has been adjusted to the substance of the Criminal Code (KUHP) itself. Because thuggery refers to several acts, it will be processed based on the crimes committed. Conclusion. Law enforcement against thuggery still faces obstacles. These obstacles include: Internal and External constraints, such as inadequate facilities and infrastructure, disrupted information networks, a lack of evidence and witnesses, and public apathy in assisting the police.
Liability in Autonomous Vehicle Accidents: Crafting New Legal Norms for a Driverless Future in Indonesia Kemmala Dewi; Zain Nizam; Rashid Rahman
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i5.2653

Abstract

Background. The emergence of autonomous vehicles (AVs) presents a transformative challenge to traditional legal systems that were constructed around human-driven transportation. In Indonesia, where the regulatory framework for vehicle liability remains rooted in fault-based principles, the advent of driverless technology demands a fundamental rethinking of accountability, risk distribution, and consumer protection. Purpose. This study aims to examine the legal implications of AV accidents and propose a model for liability allocation that aligns with Indonesia’s socio-legal context and evolving technological landscape.   Method. Using a qualitative normative legal research method, the study analyzes statutory frameworks, comparative legal systems, and case precedents from jurisdictions that have begun regulating autonomous mobility. Results. The findings indicate that existing Indonesian traffic and consumer laws inadequately address the complexities of autonomous decision-making and manufacturer responsibility. A hybrid liability framework combining strict product liability with adaptive insurance mechanisms is proposed to balance technological innovation with public safety. Conclusion. The research concludes that establishing comprehensive legislation on AV accountability is essential for fostering legal certainty, ethical responsibility, and technological trust. These legal norms must evolve in tandem with technological progress to ensure justice in a driverless future.  
Effectiveness of Carbon Tax as a Legal Norm for Industrial Decarbonization: A Critical Policy Review in Indonesia Som Chai; Napat Chai; Ton Kiat; Andi Andi
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i5.2654

Abstract

Background. Industrial activities are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia, posing significant challenges for environmental sustainability and climate policy. Carbon taxation has emerged globally as a legal and economic instrument to incentivize industrial decarbonization, but its effectiveness within the Indonesian regulatory and economic context remains underexplored. Purpose. Understanding the strengths, limitations, and implementation challenges of carbon tax as a legal norm is critical for designing policies that achieve emissions reduction without undermining industrial competitiveness.   Method. Findings indicate that while carbon taxation has potential to drive emission reductions, challenges such as policy ambiguity, compliance enforcement, and economic impacts on industries limit its current effectiveness. Results. Findings indicate that while carbon taxation has potential to drive emission reductions, challenges such as policy ambiguity, compliance enforcement, and economic impacts on industries limit its current effectiveness.   Conclusion. The study concludes that successful implementation requires a coherent legal framework, transparent regulatory mechanisms, and integration with complementary environmental policies. Strengthening institutional capacity and ensuring stakeholder engagement are essential for maximizing the efficacy of carbon tax as a tool for industrial decarbonization.
Harmonizing Customary Law (Hukum Adat) with State Law in Natural Resource Management: A Case Study of Forest Communities in Kalimantan Dara Vann; Vanna Sok; Rithy Vann; Arief Fahmi Lubis
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i5.2657

Abstract

Background. The tension between customary law (hukum adat) and state law in natural resource management remains a central issue in Indonesia’s environmental governance, particularly in forest areas inhabited by indigenous communities. Customary practices have historically governed access, ownership, and conservation of forest resources, yet their legitimacy often conflicts with state-imposed regulatory frameworks that prioritize national economic interests. Purpose. The research aims to analyze the harmonization of customary and state legal systems in forest management within Kalimantan, exploring the juridical and sociocultural mechanisms that facilitate or hinder coexistence.   Method. A qualitative socio-legal research design was employed, integrating field observations, interviews with community leaders, and document analysis of statutory and customary legal instruments. Results. The findings reveal that effective harmonization depends on legal recognition of adat rights, participatory governance, and adaptive legal pluralism that bridges traditional norms with modern regulatory structures. However, conflicts persist due to overlapping jurisdiction, bureaucratic rigidity, and extractive economic policies.   Conclusion. The study concludes that sustainable forest governance requires an inclusive legal framework that institutionalizes customary law as a complementary not subordinate component of environmental regulation.  
Legal Frameworks for Smart City Governance: Balancing Technological Innovation and Citizen Privacy in Jakarta Hafiz Sutrisno; Clara Mendes; Raul Gomez
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i6.2658

Abstract

Background. The rapid deployment of smart city technologies in Jakarta has transformed urban governance, enabling data-driven decision-making and enhanced public services. However, this transformation also raises complex legal and ethical challenges related to data protection, surveillance, and citizens’ digital rights. Purpose. This study aims to analyze the existing legal frameworks that regulate smart city governance in Jakarta and evaluate their effectiveness in balancing technological innovation with the protection of citizen privacy.   Method. A qualitative legal research method was employed, combining normative juridical analysis with policy review and expert interviews to examine statutory instruments, regulatory gaps, and institutional practices. Results. The results reveal that while Indonesia’s data protection legislation provides a foundational basis for digital governance, inconsistencies in implementation and weak interagency coordination hinder comprehensive enforcement. The governance framework remains technologically progressive yet legally fragmented, lacking clear accountability mechanisms for data handling and public transparency. Conclusion. The study concludes that Jakarta’s smart city model requires a more integrated and adaptive legal architecture that aligns innovation objectives with citizen-centric principles. Strengthening regulatory harmonization and participatory governance is crucial to ensuring sustainable, ethical, and rights-based smart city development.
Corporate Criminal Liability for Environmental Damage: A Juridical Analysis of Recent Cases and Normative Challenges Aris Krisdiyanto; Amir Raza; Roya Zahir
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i4.2659

Abstract

Background. Corporate criminal liability for environmental damage represents a growing area of concern in legal discourse, especially as industrial expansion continues to exert profound ecological and social consequences. The current legal framework in Indonesia, though progressive in recognizing corporate accountability under Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, remains inconsistent in enforcement and interpretation. Purpose. The study aims to analyze the juridical construction of corporate criminal liability for environmental harm by examining recent judicial decisions and identifying normative challenges that hinder effective application. Method. The research employs a qualitative juridical-normative approach, focusing on statutory interpretation, court rulings, and doctrinal analysis, supported by case studies involving corporate environmental violations between 2018 and 2023 Results. The findings reveal that enforcement inconsistencies stem from vague statutory definitions, limited institutional coordination, and judicial reluctance to impose criminal sanctions on corporate entities. The analysis also highlights the absence of clear parameters for attributing mens rea and corporate culpability within collective decision-making structures.   Conclusion. The study concludes that achieving environmental justice requires reforming Indonesia’s legal doctrine through clearer legislative standards, stronger prosecutorial mechanisms, and incorporation of restorative justice principles. This transformation is essential for aligning environmental governance with sustainable development and corporate accountability.  
Mandatory Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Disclosure: Legal Impact on Corporate Accountability in the Indonesian Stock Exchange Imam Hanafi; Liu Yang; Li Na; Eka Anjani Sapitri
Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rjl.v3i6.2798

Abstract

Background. Mandatory Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure has emerged as a regulatory mechanism intended to enhance transparency, strengthen corporate accountability, and align business practices with sustainable development goals in Indonesia. Purpose. This study aims to analyze how Indonesia’s evolving ESG regulatory framework influences corporate accountability among publicly listed companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). Method. A qualitative legal approach was employed, combining doctrinal analysis, regulatory mapping, and case-based examination of selected issuers to evaluate compliance patterns and the legal consequences of non-disclosure. Results. The findings demonstrate that mandatory ESG disclosure enhances procedural accountability, improves risk governance, and incentivizes firms to internalize sustainability practices; however, enforcement gaps and inconsistent reporting standards reduce its substantive effectiveness. Conclusion. The study concludes that mandatory disclosure contributes to stronger corporate accountability but requires clearer enforcement architecture, harmonized standards, and stronger supervisory capacity to achieve its intended regulatory impact.

Page 11 of 14 | Total Record : 132

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