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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 26 No. 2 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 August 2019" : 8 Documents clear
Population Structure of Hoya spp. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) at Bodogol Nature-Conservation Education Center, Indonesia Bermuli, Jessica Elfani; Sulistijorini, Sulistijorini; Rahayu, Sri
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 August 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (288.835 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.2.881

Abstract

Hoya species are a type of epiphytic flowering plants that are known to have traditional medicinal values. Since 2011, eight Hoya species are recorded at the Bodogol Nature-Conservation Education Center (BNCEC), Bogor, Indonesia. For effective conservation measures, this study is aimed to analyze the population structure and distribution pattern of Hoya species at BNCEC. Data collection was done from July to August 2016 using a  purposive sampling method in a 400m2 plot. The results show that each species differed in their population structures. The H. multiflora population structure has the shape of an inverted pyramid, where there were more adult individuals than seedling and young ones, both H. campanulata and H. imperialis have the shape of a natural population pyramid, showing a population balance between seedling, young, and adult individuals. H. lacunosa has the shape of an hourglass, in which the number of seedlings and adult individuals is larger than the young. H. hasseltii and H. vitellinoides have no clear population structures as no adult individuals were discovered for these two species. The distribution pattern of Hoya populations at BNCEC is of the clumped type (Morisita’s index = 0.661).
Effects of Red Yam Flour (Ipomoea batatas L.) on the Growth, Survival Rate and Skin Color of Goldfish (Carrasius auratus) Putra, Dedi Fazriansyah; Armaya, Lia; El Rahimi, Sayyid Afdhal; Othman, Norhayati
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 August 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (258.99 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.2.1036

Abstract

The best quality goldfish requires a good environment and a highly nutritious feed. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of commercial diets supplemented with 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% red yam flour (Ipomoea batatas L.) on the growth rate, survival rate and skin color of the goldfish Carrasius auratus. A completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and three replicates was used. Seventy-five goldfishes with an average initial length of 4.4 cm were fed the supplemented commercial diets for twenty-eight days inside fifteen experimental tanks. The results showed that the 9% dietary treatment significantly affected the skin color of the goldfishes but not their growth and survival rates (P > 0.05). Hence, the administration of 9% concentrated red yam flour was a suitable dietary supplement to improve skin pigmentation, an important characteristic of aquarium fishes.
Genetic Variation of Wild Musa acuminata Colla From Indonesia Poerba, Yuyu Suryasari; Martanti, Diyah; Ahmad, Fajarudin
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 August 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (965.188 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.2.896

Abstract

Indonesia is the center of origin and diversity of Musa acuminata Colla, one of the progenitors of cultivated bananas today. However, the genetic variation of wild M. acuminata has not been studied extensively. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the genetic variation of Indonesian wild M. acuminata based on 10 RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and 10 ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) markers. The genetic properties of 17 populations of wild M. acuminata were analyzed using PopGene 1.32 based on Nei’s unbiased measures of genetic identity and genetic distance. Of the 443 DNA bands produced, 425 (95.94%) were polymorphic. Cluster analysis of the combined RAPD and ISSR data produced a dendrogram that separated the population of M. acuminata (A genome) from M. balbisiana (B genome), but not from M. schizocarpa (S genome). Nei’s genetic distance among the 17 populations of wild M. acuminata ranged from 0.03676 to 0.1634. The highest genetic distance was observed between M. acuminata var. rutilifes (from East Java) and M. acuminata var. sumatrana (from West Sumatra). The percentage of polymorphic loci among the 17 populations of M. acuminata ranged from 9.93% to 39.73%. Nei’s gene diversity (h) ranged from 0.0410 to 0.1418. The population of M. acuminata var. malaccensis displayed the highest genetic diversity among the 17 evaluated populations. The high level of genetic diversity of the wild M. acuminata from Indonesia highlights the importance of conservation and preservation of natural populations, as well as their potential use in banana breeding programs.
Production of Maltooligosaccharides From Hutan Jati Variety Cultivar Tacca (Tacca leontopetaloides) Starch Yopi, Yopi; Rahmani, Nanik; Putri, Feby Heryani; Martin, Andri Fadillah
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 August 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (224.311 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.2.890

Abstract

This research aimed to extract and characterize the physicochemical properties of starch from Tacca tuber, to determine the optimum conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis to produce maltooligosaccharides, and to analyze the character of these maltooligosaccharides. The analysis was conducted by calculating the amount of reducing sugar, total sugar, and the degree of polymerization, and by using the TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) and HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) analyses. The Hutan Jati variety cultivar of Tacca was selected from three Tacca variety cultivars (Hutan Jati, Pulau Katang, and Gunung Batur) to produce maltooligosaccharides by enzymatic hydrolysis of crude Bacillus sp. α-amylase. The optimum conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis of Hutan Jati variety cultivar Tacca starch for the production of maltooligosaccharides were obtained at a substrate concentration of 3% (w/v) and a ratio of enzyme and substrate at 6 hours incubation time. From 250 mL of fresh hydrolysate, 34.49 grams of powdered maltooligosaccharide were produced. The TLC and HPLC results showed a similar yield of both the liquid and powdered maltooligosaccharides with maltose, maltotriose, and maltotetraose as the main products. Considering its physicochemical characteristics and the product of its maltooligosaccharides, the starch from the tuber of Hutan Jati variety cultivar Tacca possessed strong potential for the future production of maltooligosaccharides, particularly maltotriose and maltotetraose, in food industries.
Heterogeneity of Proteins in Birds’ Egg-Whites Hashim, Hayder Obayes; Al-Shuhaib, Mohammed Baqur Sahib; Ewadh, Mufeed Jaleel
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 August 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.2.812

Abstract

Little is known about the comparative heterogeneity of protein compounds among a wide variety of birds’ egg whites, particularly regarding detailed, parallel protein composition analysis. Therefore, this research was conducted mainly to evaluate the extent of variability among 42 types of birds’ egg whites. To improve the understanding of these biological fluids, the main phenotypic variations of egg whites were evaluated using discontinuous denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), gradient SDS-PAGE, native PAGE, cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The results showed that native PAGE and SDS-PAGE produced better screening outcomes than the other methods in identifying proteins. Although native PAGE and SDS-PAGE did not show remarkable variability in terms of hydrophobicity, several electrophoretic differences in egg white proteins were observed. Several unknown proteins in the egg white samples of different bird species were also identified through electrophoretic experiments. Hence, it may be possible, as demonstrated in the case of egg white samples, to provide a characterization-based assessment among bird species using only available gel electrophoresis techniques. This study also provided a rapid snapshot for the initial identification of several unknown components of egg white proteins. Accordingly, this research represents the first large-scale comparative proteomics investigation conducted among a diverse range of egg whites obtained from commercial stores and bird keepers in the Middle Euphrates region of Iraq.
Polymorphic Profiles of Ganoderma Spp. Isolates From Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia Ratnaningtyas, Nuniek Ina; Susanto, Agus Hery; Yulia, Ana
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 August 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.2.884

Abstract

Ganoderma spp. are known as both beneficial and harmful fungi to humans. These are distributed worldwide in sufficiently high diversity. To generate a polymorphic profile and a genetic inter-relationship of several isolates of Ganoderma spp., a study was conducted using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers on Ganoderma spp. from Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The fruiting bodies of the collected Ganoderma spp. were first morphologically characterized, then analyzed using RAPD with four random primers, i.e., OPC-1, OPC-2, OPC-4, and OPC-5. The results revealed that the four primers generated polymorphic bands of the 10 samples with a polymorphism level of 100%, showing high genetic diversity. The level of genetic similarity ranged between 0.48 and 0.82, indicating moderate similarities among samples. The constructed dendrogram resulted in the grouping of the Ganoderma spp. isolates into three clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.63, but neither according to geographical locations nor growth substrates.
Prevalence of mcr-1 Colistin Resistant Gene in Escherichia coli Along the Broiler Meat Supply Chain in Indonesia Palupi, Maria Fatima; Wibawan, I Wayan Teguh; Sudarnika, Etih; Maheshwari, Hera; Darusman, Huda Shalahudin
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 August 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.2.1054

Abstract

Colistin is the last drug of choice for dealing with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria; hence, this drug is very crucial to human health. The discovery of a plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant gene, the mobilized colistin resistance-1 (mcr-1), signals a significant global health threat. Colistin sulfate is an antimicrobial agent which has been approved for use in broilers in Indonesia. Thus, this study aimed to measure the prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and to detect the mcr-1 colistin-resistant gene in E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 in the entire supply chain of broilers in Bogor Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Samples were taken from 47 flocks that used colistin sulfate (47 pools of cloacal swabs, 47 pools of drinking water, and 47 pools of litter), seventy fresh meat samples and seven plucker swab samples from seven small-scale poultry slaughterhouses, seventy fresh meat samples from seven traditional markets, and seventy cooked meat samples from seven small restaurants. The isolation of E. coli was done on each of the 358 samples, and 493 isolates were obtained. All the E. coli isolates were then tested for their susceptibility to colistin sulfate by using the agar dilution method. The detection of the mcr-1 gene from the colistin-resistant isolates (minimum inhibitory concentration > 2 µg/mL) was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence value of colistin-resistant E. coli in all the isolates was 11.76% (CI 95%; CL 9.21–14.91), and the prevalence of the mcr-1 gene was 10.55% (CI 95%; CL 8.13–13.57%). A very good agreement correlation existed between the colistin-resistant phenotype and the mcr-1 gene (κ = 0.939). The mcr-1 gene was found in 89.66% of colistin-resistant E. coli isolates. Two colistin-resistant and mcr-1 carrying isolates were identified as E. coli O157:H7 serotype. This research was the first study attempt on the mcr-1 gene in Indonesia, covering the entire supply chain of broiler meat from farms to consumers. The results indicated the necessity to reduce the use of colistin sulfate in broiler management and to improve biosecurity measures, not only in farms but also in the entire supply chain of broiler meat production.
Fungal Infection of Stored Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) Beans in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Ambarwati, Santi; Retnowati, Ina; Nurfadila, Nijma
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 August 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.2.900

Abstract

Indonesia is the world's fourth-largest coffee producer after Brazil, Vietnam, and Colombia, in which one of its well-known coffee originates from the Toraja region, South Sulawesi. As such, Indonesia has to compete with these countries in producing good quality coffee beans. Consequently, this research aimed (a) to obtain information on the postharvest handling methods of Arabica coffee (C. arabica) beans in Tana Toraja Regency, North Toraja Regency, and Makassar Municipality, Indonesia, and (b) to investigate the occurrence of fungi (including ochratoxin A producing fungi) in stored Arabica coffee beans collected from various stages of the delivery chain. The data collection process included surveys, interviews, and sample collections conducted in May and July 2016 at each level of the delivery chain. The moisture content (MC) and the physical quality of the beans were also measured to determine its quality. Sixty-four (64) coffee bean samples were collected, consisting of 27 samples from the farmers, 15 samples from the collectors, 13 samples from the traders, and 9 samples from the exporters. The results showed that the moisture contents of coffee beans collected from the farmers and bean collectors (42.5%) were significantly higher than the maximum tolerable limit determined by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) (13%), while the MC of the beans from the traders and exporters (9.7–10.9%) was significantly lower. Based on the total defective values, coffee beans from the farmers had more diverse grades (1–6) than those at other levels. Penicillium citrinum was the dominant fungus found in those beans collected from the farmers, collectors, and traders, while Aspergillus niger was the dominant fungus found in those beans from the exporters. At trader level, 46% of the samples were infected by Aspergillus ochraceus and A. niger, which are known as ochratoxin A (OTA) producing fungi. At exporter level, 44% of the samples were infected by A. ochraceus, while 78% of the samples were infected by A. niger. Thus, the postharvest handling methods conducted especially by farmers and collectors of Arabica coffee beans should be improved to reduce the moisture content and to increase the grade quality of the coffee beans.

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