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Journal of Tropical Soils
Published by Universitas Lampung
ISSN : 0852257X     EISSN : 20866682     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.v25i1
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
Journal of Tropical Soils (JTS) publishes all aspects in the original research of soil science (soil physic and soil conservation, soil mineralogy, soil chemistry and soil fertility, soil biology and soil biochemical, soil genesis and classification, land survey and land evaluation, land development and management environmental), and related subjects in which using soil from tropical areas.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Konservasi Alam dan Lahan
Articles 817 Documents
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Isolation, Characterization, and Molecular Identification of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Several Tropical Soils Hazra, Fahrizal; Pratiwi, Etty
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 18 No. 1: January 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i1.67-74

Abstract

The objectives of the research were: (i)  to isolate and characterize of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and (ii) to identify PSB based on molecular amplification of 16S rRNA gene.  Soil samples were collected from rhizosphere in Bogor, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara.  Several stages in this research were: (i) isolation PSB in Pikovskaya agar, (ii) morphological and biochemical characterization of PSB, (iii) measurement of  phosphatase enzymes, and (iv) measurement of secreting indole acetic acid phytohormone.   As many as 29 isolates of PSB have been collected and three isolates of them, namely: P 3.5 (East Nusa Tenggara), P 6.2 (West Nusa Tenggara), and P 10.1 (Citeureup, West Java) were chosen for further study.  There were many characteristics of isolate P 10.1: (i) it had capable to solubilize P with the value of highest solubilization index (1.80), (ii) it had the highest phosphatase enzyme (120.40 mg kg-1), and (iii) it had the highest pH decrease at each observation for six days.  Isolates P 3.5 and P 10.1 were the Gram-negative bacteria with coccus shapes and isolate P 6.2 was a Gram-negative bacteria with bacillus shape.  Deoxiribonucleat Acid (DNA) amplification of these bacteria employing 16S rRNA primers generated the 1,300bp-PCR product.  The results of the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolates P 3.5 and P 10.1 has 98% similarity with Gluconacetobacter sp. strains Rg1-MS-CO and isolate P 6.2 has 97% similarity with Enterobacter sp. pp9c strains.Keywords: 16S rRNA, indole acetic acid, isolation, phosphatase enzymes, phosphate solubilizing bacteria[How to Cite : Hazra F and E Pratiwi. 2013. Isolation, Characterization, and Molecular Identification of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Several Tropical Soils. J Trop Soils, 18 (1): 67-74. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.67][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.67]
Inoculation Effect of N2-Fixer and P-Solubilizer into a Mixture of Fresh Manure and Phosphate Rock Formulated as Organonitrofos Fertilizer on Bacterial and Fungal Populations Nugroho, Sutopo Ghani; Dermiyati, .; Lumbanraja, Jamalam; Triyono, Sugeng; Ismono, Hanung
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 18 No. 1: January 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i1.75-80

Abstract

Microbial N2-fixer and P-solubilizer were innoculated in a mixture of fresh manure and phosphate rock formulated as an Organonitrophos fertilizer. The population dynamics of bacteria and fungi growing during the composting process were observed. The inoculation treatments consisted of: K = mixture of 20% phosphate rock and 80% of fresh manure + decomposers (control), N = mixture of 20% phosphate rock and 80% of fresh manure + decomposers + N2-fixer (Azotobacter and Azospirillum sp.) , P = mixture of 20% phosphate rock and 80% of fresh manure + decomposers + P-solubilizer (A. niger and P. fluorescens), and NP = mixture of 20% phosphate rock and 80% of fresh manure + decomposers + N2-fixer + P-solubilizer. The results showed that inoculation of microbial N2-fixer and combination inoculation of N2-fixer and P-solubilizer increased the total bacterial population compared to that of the control as well as the only inoculation of microbial P-solubilizer on the 14th day of observation in which the bacteria reached the highest population. On all the observation days, the population of fungi in the inoculation of microbial P-solubilizer treatment increased significantly compared to that of the control. However, there was no difference between the populations of fungi in the inoculation of N2-fixer and combination inoculation of N2-fixer and Psolubilizer. The genus of fungy identified in the compost of the mixture of fresh manure and phosphate rock were Chytridium sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., and Fusarium sp.[How to Cite : Nugroho SG, Dermiyati, J Lumbanraja, S Triyono, H Ismono. 2013. Inoculation Effect of N2-Fixer and P-Solubilizer into a Mixture of Fresh Manure and Phosphate Rock Formulated as Organonitrofos Fertilizer on Bacterial and Fungal Populations. J Trop Soils, 18 (1): 75-80. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.75][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.75]
Assessment Erosion 3D Hazard with USLE and Surfer Tool: A Case Study of Sumani Watershed in West Sumatra Indonesia Aflizar, .; Afrizal, Roni; Masunaga, Tsugiyuki
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 18 No. 1: January 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i1.81-92

Abstract

Quantitative evaluation of soil erosion rate is an important basic to investigate and improve land use system, which has not been sufficiently conducted in Indonesia.  The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Erosion Three Dimension (E3D) in Surfer were used to identify characteristic of dominant erosion factors in Sumani Watershed in West Sumatra, Indonesia using data soil survey and monitoring sediment yield in outlet watershed.  Climatology data from three stations were used to calculate Rainfall erosivity (R) factor. As many as101 sampling sites were used to investigate soil erodibility (K-factor) with physico-chemical laboratory analysis. Digital elevation model (DEM) of Sumani Watershed was used to calculate slope length and Steepness (LS-factor). Landsat TM imagery and field survey were used to determine crop management (C-factor) and conservation practices (P-factor). Calculating soil loss and map of USLE factor were determined by Kriging method in Surfer 9. Sumani Watershed had erosion hazard in criteria as: severe to extreme severe (26.23%), moderate (24.59%) and very low to low (49.18%).  Annual average soil loss for Sumani watershed was 76.70 Mg ha-1 y-1 in 2011. Upland area was designated as having a severe to extreme severe erosion hazard compared to lowland which was designated  as having very less to moderate.  On the other land, soil eroded from upland were deposited in lowland. These results were verified by comparing one year’s sediment yield observation on the outlet of the watershed. Land use (C-factor), rainfall erosivity (R- factor), soil erodibility (K-factor), slope length and steepness (LS-factor) were dominant factors that affected soil erosion. Traditional soil conservation practices were applied by farmer for a long time such as terrace in Sawah.  The USLE model in Surfer was used to identify specific regions susceptible to soil erosion by water and was also applied to identify suitable sites to conduct soil conservation planning in Sumani Watershed.[How to Cite : Aflizar, R Afrizal, T Masunaga. 2013. Assessment Erosion 3D Hazard with USLE and Surfer Tool: A Case Study of Sumani Watershed in West Sumatra Indonesia. J Trop Soils, 18 (1): 81-92. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.81][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.81]
Micronutrient Assessment of Cocoa, Kola, Cashew and Coffee Plantations for Sustainable Production at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria Ogeh, Joseph Sunday; Ipinmoroti, Rotimi Rofus
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 18 No. 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.93-97

Abstract

The micronutrient status of the soils and leaf of cocoa, kola, cashew and coffee plantations to study the soil-plant micronutrient content relationship in the plantation soils for proper management towards optimum production of the crops was investigated at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria. Soil and leaf samples were collected from these plantations and analyzed according to standard laboratory procedures. The soil samples were analyzed for the micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe) and in addition pH, organic carbon, sand, silt and clay contents, while the leaves were analyzed for only the micronutrient contents. Results indicated that the soils were sandy loam, acidic, low in organic carbon, deficient in Cu and Mn but very high in Fe and Zn contents. This probably resulted in nutrient imbalance in the soils and the deficiency of the nutrients in the crops. The plantations therefore require application of organic manures and micronutrient fertilizers to rectify the inadequate soil organic matter and to supply sufficient amount of Cu and Mn in the soils, to obtain quality fruit yield at optimum level from the plantations.Keywords: Cashew, cocoa, coffee, kola, micronutrients, sustainable production [How to Cite: Ogeh JS and RR Ipinmoroti. 2013. Micronutrient Assessment of Cocoa, Kola, Cashew and Coffee  Plantations for Sustainable Production at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 93-97. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.93] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.93]  REFERENCESAdebiyi S, EO Uwagbue, EA Agbongiarhuoyi, I Ndagi and EO Aigbekaen. 2011.  Assessment of agronomic practices among kola farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. World J Agric Sci 7: 400-403.Afolabi CA and NE Egbe. 1984.  Yield response of kola to N, P and K fertilizer application:  A case study of preliminary trial. Cafe Cacao The 28: 13-16. AOAC [Association of Official Analytical Chemists]. 1990.  Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Edition. Washington DC: 774-784.Ayanlaja SA. 1983.  Rehabilitation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Nigeria: Major problem and possible solution. Plant Soil  73: 403-409.CBN [Central Bank of Nigeria]. 2010.  Annual Report and Statement of Accounts for the year. Abuja, Nigeria. 182 p.Chude VO and GO Obigbesan. 1983.  Safe and toxic application rates of boron for cocoa seedlings. Plant Soil 74: 145-147.Egbe NE, EA Ayodele and CR Obatolu. 1989.  Soils and nutrition of cocoa, coffee, kola  cashew and tea. Prog Tree Crop Res 2: 28-38.Falade JA. 1978.  Cashew growing soil in Nigeria. East Afr Agric J 43: 100-105. FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization]. 2010.  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.  http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx? PageID=567#ancor. Accessed on 21 January 2010.Ibiremo OS and O Fagbola. 2008. Effect of phosphorus fertilizer and arbuscular mycorhizal  fungi inoculation on the growth of cashew seedlings in two soils in Nigeria. Nigerian J Soil Sci 18: 138-146.Ipinmoroti RR, OSO Akanbi, MA Daniel, LA Adebowale, GA Adewoye, EA Makinde and CO Kayode. 2011.  Potentials of NPK and organic fertilizers on growth performance of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) seedlings on degraded typic alfisol soils in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Agric Sci Tech 1: 876-881.Ipinmoroti RR, P Aikpokpodion and OSO Akanbi.  2009.  Nutritional assessment of cocoa plots for soil fertility management on some cocoa farms in Nigeria. Proceedings of 16th International Cocoa Research Conference Held at Grand Hyatt  Hotel, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia, pp 1481-1485.Iremiren GO and  AM Ekhomun. 2005.  Effects of N fertilizer rates on the performance of maize-okra mixture in an acid sand soil of the Nigerian forest zone. Nigerian J Appl Sci 23: 11-14. McKenzie RH.  2001.  Micronutrient requirements of crops. Alberta Agriculture and Rural development   http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex713. Acessed on 21 July 2011.Nelson DW and LE Sommers. 1982.  Organic carbon and soil extracts In: D L Sparks (ed).  Methods of soil Analysis. Part 2- Chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy Monograph No.9, 2nd Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA, pp. 539-579.Ogunlade MO, OS Ibiremo, RR Ipinmoroti, CI Iloyanomon and PE Aikpokpodion. 2011.  Determination of phosphorus and potassium fixation capacities and fertilizer fctors in soils of three cocoa growing areas of Nigeria. J Soil Nat 5: 11-16.Ogunmoyela OA and CR Obatolu. 1984.  Nutrient studies and fertilizer requirements of Nigeria tea. Cafe Cacao The 28: 179-184.Ogunwale JA, JO Olaniyan and MO Aduloju. 2002.  Morphological, physico-chemical and clay mineralogical properties of soils overlaying basement complex rocks in Ilorin East, Nigeria. Moor J Agric Res 3: 147-154.Ojeniyi SO. 1980. Nutrient studies of NPK treated coffee plots. Plant Soil 56: 175-179.Omotoso TI. 1974.  The effect of fertilizer and irrigation on the leaf macronutrient composition of Coffea canephora during a year. Turrialba 24: 315-318.Opeke LK. 1987. Tropical tree crops. Spectrum Books Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria, p 247.Wood GAR and RA Lass. 1985.  Cocoa, 4th ed. London: Longman, pp. 620-632.  
Changes of Soil Chemical Properties during Rice Straw Decomposition in Different Types of Acid Sulphate Soils Hairani, Anna; Susilawati, Ani
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 18 No. 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.99-103

Abstract

Organic residues often exhibit different physico-chemical properties and affect the soil ecosystem in different ways. Hence, the study of their impact on soil is essential to benefit from their potential as amendments and to avoid adverse environmental effects. It is required to study the role of rice straw in the changes of soil properties during decomposition processes in the rice field. The research was conducted on potential acid sulphate soil (PASS) and actual acid sulphate soil (AASS) in the glass house. Soil pH, Fe2+, organic-Fe, total N and available P were observed at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after planting (WAP). The result showed that rice straw application : (1) decreased soil pH of PASS and increase soil pH of AASS; (2) tended to increase Fe2+ both in PASS and AASS; (3) stimulated the organic-Fe concentration in AASS was higher than organic-Fe concentration in PASS; (4) had no different effect in total N and decreased P concentration in the both of soil during observation. P concentration on PASS was lower than on AASS.Keywords: Decomposition, rice straw, soil chemical properties, soil type[How to Cite: Hairani A and A Susilawati. 2013.Changes of Soil Chemical Properties during Rice Straw Decomposition in Different Types of Acid Sulphate Soils. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 99-103. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.99]REFERENCESBalai Penelitian Tanah. 2005. Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air dan Pupuk.  Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Departemen Pertanian.  Bogor. p: 136 (in Indonesian).Banach AM, K Banach, RCJH Peters,  RHM Jansen, EJW Visser, Z Stepniewska, JGM Roelofs and LPM Lamers.  2009.  Effects of long-term flooding on biogeochemistry and vegetation development in floodplains; a mesocosm experiment to study interacting effects of land use and water quality.  Biogeosciences  6: 1325-1339. doi:10.5194/bg-6-1325-2009.Bonneville S.  2005.  Kinetics of Microbial Fe (III) Oxyhydroxide Reduction : The Role of Mineral Properties.  [Dissertation].  Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University. The Netherlands. 117 p.Cayuela ML, T Sinicco and C Mondini.  2009.  Mineralization dynamics and biochemical properties during initial decomposition of plant and animal residues in soil. App Soil Ecol  41: 118 -127.De-Campos AB, AL Mamedov and C Huang. 2009. Short-term reducing conditions decrease soil aggregation. Soil Sci Soc Am J  73: 550-559.Dent D. 1986. Acid Sulphate Soils: A Baseline for Research and Development. International Land Reclamation Institute Pub. 39. Wageningen, The Netherlands. 204 p.Dobermann A and T Fairhurst.  2000.  Rice: Nutrient Disorders and Nutrient Management.  International Rice Research Institute.  Makati city, The Fhillipines.  191 p. Fahmi A, B Radjagukguk and BH Purwanto.  2009.  Kelarutan posfat dan ferro pada tanah sulfat masam yang diberi bahan organik jerami padi.  J Tanah Trop 14: 119 -125 (in Indonesian).Fahmi A. 2010.  Pengaruh pemberian jerami padi terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman padi (Oryza sativa ) di tanah sulfat masam.  J Berita Biol 10:  7-14 (in Indonesian). Havlin JL, JD Beaton, SL Tisdale and WL Nelson. 2005. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers, an introduction to nutrient management. 7th edition. Prentice Hall. 515 p.Indrayati L and A  Jumberi. 2002.  Pengelolaan jerami padi pada pertanaman padi di lahan pasang surut sulfat masam.  In: Pengelolaan Tanaman Pangan Lahan Rawa.  Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan, Bogor. Kirk G.  2004.  The Biogeochemistry of Submerged Soils. John Willey and Sons. Chicester, England.  291 p.Kongchum M.  2005.  Effect of  Plant Residue and Water Management Practices on Soil Redox Chemistry, Methane Emission and Rice Productivity.   [Dissertation].  Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University.  USA.  201 pKyuma K.  2004.  Paddy Soil Science.  Kyoto University Press dan Trans Pacific Press.  Melbourne.  Australia. 279 p.Liang X, J Liu, Y Chen, H Li, Y Ye, Z Nie, M Su and Z Xu.  2010.  Effect of pH on the release of soil colloidal phosphorus.  J Soils Sediments 10: 1548-1556.Lindsay WL. 1979.  Chemical Equilibria in Soils. John Willey & Sons. New York. 449 p.Liu C, M Chen and F Li. 2010. Fe(III) reduction in soils from South China. In: RJ Gilkes and N Prakongkep (eds). Soil Solutions for a Changing World. Soil minerals and contaminants, 19th World Congress of Soil Science. Brisbane, Australia, pp.70-73.McIntyre RES, MA Adams, DJ Ford and PF Grierson.  2009.  Rewetting and litter addition influence mineralization and microbial communities in soils from a semi-arid intermittent stream.  Soil Biol Biochem 41: 92-101.Morris AJ. 2011. Phosphate Binding to Fe and Al in Organic Matter as Affected by Redox Potential and pH. [Dissertation]. Soil Science, North Carolina  State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. 229 p.Olomu MO, GJ Racz and CM Cho.  1973.  Effect of flooding on the Eh, pH, and concentrations of Fe and Mn in several manitoba soils.  Soil Sci Soc Am J  37: 220 -224.Ponnamperuma FN. 1984.  Effects of flooding on soils.  In: T Kozlawski (ed).  Flooding and Plant Growth: Physical Ecology. A Series Monographs, Text and Treatises.  Academic Press Inc.  Harcourt Brace Javanovich Publisher, USA, pp. 10-45. Reddy KR and RD Delaune.  2008. The Biogeochemistry of Wetland; Science and Application. CRC Press.  New York.Rukhsana F, C Butterly, J Baldock and C Tang.  2010. Model carbon compounds differ in their effects on pH change of soils with different initial pH. In: RJ Gilkes and N Prakongkep (eds). 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World, 1 – 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia,  pp. 160-163.Syahrawat KL.  2006.  Organic matter and mineralizable nitrogen relationships in wetland rice soils.  Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 37: 787-796. Wagai R and LM Mayer.  2007.  Sorptive stabilization of organik matter in soils by hydrous iron oxides.  Geochim Cosmochim Act 71: 25-35.Watanabe I.  1984.  Anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in flooded rice soils. In: Organic Matter and Rice. 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Soil Structure and Carbon Pools in Response to Common Tropical Agroecosystems Handayani, Iin Purwati; Prawito, Priyono
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 18 No. 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.105-113

Abstract

Maintaining soil physical properties and organic C is the goal for sustainable use of soil resources in agroecosystems. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the changes in soil structure and C pools and to quantify the availability of labile C pools. The study site was in Bengkulu Province Sumatra, Indonesia. Four common agroecosystems were used to determine soil physical properties including bulk density, porosity, and soil aggregates. Labile soil C pools examined were particulate organic C (POC), microbial biomass C (MBC) and C mineralization (C min). Farming practices significantly affected the bulk density, macro-porosity, micro-porosity, aggregate stability(AS), mean weight diameter (MWD) and aggregation ratio (AR). However, the responses from treatments depend upon the soil depth. In general, agroforestry and fallow fields provided lower bulk density, higher porosity, AS, MWD and AR compared to rubber tree plantation and grain cropping. As a general trend, the values of POC, MBC and C min decreased in the order of agroforestry > fallow field > rubber tree plantation > grain cropping. The order of labile C pools in all fields were POC > MBC > C min. Significant increases (32 – 62%, p<0.05) in the soil organic C content was observed in agroforestry and fallow fields compared to rubber tree plantation and grain cropping systems at the depth of 0 – 20 cm. The highest available POC (43 to 82%) and MBC (2 to 5%) were found in agroforestry and fallow field. Mineralized C was about 2% in all fields indicating similar amount of active C from soil organic matter. In conclusion, improvement in soil structure properties, TOC, POC and MBC in agroforestry andfallow fields indicates better soil C sequestration and soil quality in these agroecosystems.Keywords: Aggregation, carbon mineralization, microbial biomass carbon, particulate organic carbon,  rubber plantation[How to Cite: Handayani IP and P Prawito. 2013. Soil Structure and Carbon Pools in Response to Common Tropical Agroecosystems. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 105-113. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.105][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.99]REFERENCESAhn MY, AR Zimmerman, NB Comerford, JO  Sickman and S Grunwald.  2009.  Carbon mineralization and labile organic carbon labile pools in the sandy soils of north Florida watershed. Ecosystems 12: 672-685.  Anderson JPE. 1982.  Soil Respiration. In: AL Page, RH Miller and DR Keeney(eds).  Methods of Soil Analysis part 2, chemical and microbiological properties, 2nd ed. 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Plant Roots: the Hidden Half.  Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 641-669.Cambardella  CA and ET  Elliot.  1992.  Particulate soil organic-matter changes across a grassland cultivation sequence.  Soil Sci Soc Am J 56: 777-783.Castro H,  CA  Cambardella  and ET  Elliot.  2010.  Carbon and nitrogen distribution in aggregates from cultivated and native grassland soil.  Soil Sci Soc Am J  57: 1071-1076.Eynard A, TE Schumacher, RA Kohl and DD Malo.  2006. Soil wettability relationships with soil organic carbon and aggregate stability. Proceedings of the 18th World Congress of Soil Science, Philadelphia, July 9-15, Pennyslavia, USA.Franzluebbers  AJ.  2002.  Soil organic matter stratification ratio as indicator of soil quality.  Soil Till Res 66: 95-106. 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Plant and Soil 338: 43-50.  doi: 10.1007/s11104-0100352-z.Houghton  RA and CL  Goodale.  2004.  Effect of land use change on the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems.  Ecosystems and Land Use Change, Geographical Monograph Series 153: 85-98.Huang  X, EL Skidmore and GL Tibke.  2002.  Soil quality of two Kansas soils as influenced by the Conservation Reserve Program.  J Soil Water Conserv 57: 344-350.  Jenkinson  DS and JN Ladd.  1981.  Microbial biomass in soil:measurement and turnover.  In: EA Paul and JN Ladd (eds). Soil Biochemistry Vol. 5. Marcel Dekker, NY, pp. 415-471. Jinbo  Z, S Changchun and Y  Wenyan.  2007.  Effects of cultivation on soil microbial properties in a freshwater march soil in Northeast China.  Soil Till Res 93: 231-235.Klute A.  1986.  Methods of soil analysis- Part 1.  Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America.  Agronomy Series 9.  Madison, WI, 1188 p.Kosmas  C, St Gerontidis and M Marathianou.  2000.  The effect of land use change on soils and vegetation over various lithological formations on Lesvos (Greece).  Catena 40: 51-68. Li XG, PL  Zhang, P Yin, YK  Li, QF  Ma, RJ  Long and FM  Li.  2009.  Soil organic  carbon and nitrogen fractions and water-stable aggregation as affected by cropping and grassland reclamation in an arid sub-alpine soil.  Land Degrad Dev 20: 176-186.Li Y and BW Mathew.  2010.  Effect of conversion of sugarcane plantation to forest and pasture on soil carbon in Hawaii.  Plant Soil 335: 245-253.Lopez-Bermudez  F, A  Romero-Diaz, J  Martinez-Fernandez and J  Martinez-Fernandez. 1996.  The El Ardal field site:soil and vegetation cover. In: CJ Brandt and JB Thornes (eds).  Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use.  John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 169-188.Luxmoore  RJ.  1981.  Micro-, meso-, and macroporosity of soil.  Soil Sci Soc Am J 45: 671-672.Mazzarino  MJ, L Szott and M Jimenez.  1993.  Dynamics of soil total C and N, microbial biomass and water soluble C in tropical agro ecosystems.  Soil Biol Biochem 25: 205-214.McLauhan  KK, SE Hobbie and WM Post.  2006.  Conversion from agriculture to grassland builds soil organic matter on decadal timescales.  Ecol Appl 16: 143-153.  Mohammadi  K.  2011.  Soil microbial activity and biomass as influenced by tillage and fertilization in wheat production.  Am-Euras J Agric Environ Sci 10: 330-337.Paul  EA and FE  Clark.  1996.  Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry.  Academic, San Diego, CA.Preger AC, R Kosters, CC  Du Preez, S  Brodowski and W  Amelung.  2010.  Carbon sequestration in secondary pasture soils: a chronosequence study in the south African Highveld.  Eur J Soil Sci 61: 551-562.Puget  P, C  Chenu and J Balesdent.  2000.  Dynamics of soil organic matter associated with particle-size fractions of water-stable aggregates.  Eur J Soil Sci 51: 595-605.SAS Institute.  2007.  SAS User’s Guide: Statistics.  SAS Inst., Cary, NC. 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Shrestha  BM, BR  Singh, BK Sitaula, R  Lal and RM  Bajracharya.  2007.  Soil aggregate- and particle- associated organic carbon under different land uses in Nepal.  Soil Sci Soc Am J  71: 1194-1203.Six  J, RT Conant, EA  Paul and K Paustian.  2002.  Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: implications for C-saturation of soils.  Plant Soil 241: 155-176.Skidmore  EL, WA  Carstenson and EE  Banbury.  1975.  Soil changes resulting from cropping.  Soil Sci Soc Am J 39: 964-967.Sparling  GP.  1992.  Ratio of microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon is sensitive indicator changes in soil organic matter.  Aust J Soil Res 30: 195-207.Staben  ML, DF  Bezdicek, MF Fauzi and  JL Smith. 1997.  Assessment of soil quality in conservation reserve program and wheat-fallow soils.  Soil Sci Soc Am J 61: 124-130.Su YZ, WJ  Liu, R Yang and XX  Chang.  2009.  Changes in soil aggregate, carbon, nitrogen following the conversion of cropland to alfalfa forage land in the marginal Oasis of Northwest China.  Environ Manage 43: 1061-1070.Templer  PH, PM Groffman and AS  Flecker.  2005.  Land use change and soil nutrient transformations in the Los Haitises region of the Dominican Republic.  Soil Biol Biochem 37: 215-225.Wander   MM and GM Bidart.  2000.  Tillage practice influences on the physical protection, bioavailability and composition of particulate organic matter.  Biol Fertil Soils 32: 360-367.Wang  B, GB Liu, S  Xue and B Zhu.  2011.  Changes in soil physic-chemical and microbiological properties during natural succession on abandoned farmland in the Loess Plateau.  Environ Earth Sci 62: 915-925.Yadav RS, BL Yadav and BR Chhipa.  2008.  Litter dynamics and soil properties under different tree species in a semi-arid region of Rajasthan, India.  Agroforest Syst 73: 1-12.Zhang K, H Dang, S Tan, Z Wang and Q Zhang.  2010.  Vegetation community and soil characteristics of abandoned agricultural land and pine plantation in the Qinling Mountains china.  For Ecol Manage 259: 2036-2047.Zhu B, Z  Li, P Li, G Xu and S  Xue.  2010.  Soil erodibility, microbial biomass, and physical-chemical property changes during long-term natural vegetation restoration: a case study in the Loess Plateau China.  Ecol Res 25: 531-541. 
Spatial Variability of Soil Inherent Fertility Status at Irrigation Rice Field in Waeapo Plain, Buru Regency Susanto, Andriko Noto
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 18 No. 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.115-124

Abstract

Analysis and interpretation of spatial variability soils properties are a basis in site-specific nutrients management. Evaluation inherent potentiality (IP) of soil fertility status is the method to know variability of soil fertility and spatial distribution at the area. Evaluation of IP was conducted by mathematical calculation to eleven soil properties namely total C, total N, N-NH4+, total P, P-Bray 1, P (extract HCl 25%), [Ca+Mg]-exch., K-exch., CEC, available Si, and sand content. Result of IP evaluation in Waeapo plain indicated that from the total rice field area of 25,848.83 ha, 75.64% or 19,552.44 ha showed very low IP class, and the rest for the width of 6,296.39 ha or 24.36% had low IP class. Content of C-total, N-total, N-NH4+, P2O5 total, P2O5 extracted by HCl 25%, available P2O5 and Si was not limited IP, because they were all classified as moderate class. Limiting factor of very low and low IP was a combination of three elements of [Ca+Mg]-exch., K-exch, and CEC. Increasing CEC and availability of K with addition of ameliorant such as organic materials, calcite, zeolite and dolomite would improve IP status class.Keywords: Buru Island, inherent potentiality of soil fertility, rice, Waeapo Plain[How to Cite: Susanto AN and BH Sunarminto. 2013.Spatial Variability of Soil Inherent Fertility Status at Irrigation Rice Field in Waeapo Plain, Buru Regency. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 115-124. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.115][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.115] REFERENCESAl-Jabri M. 2008. Kajian metode penetapan kapasitas tukar kation zeolit sebagai pembenah tanah untuk lahan pertanian terdegradasi. J Standardisasi 10: 56-63  (in Indonesian). Davatgar N, Neishabouri MR, Sepaskhah AR. 2012. Delineation of site specific nutrient management zones for a paddy cultivated area based on soil fertility using fuzzy clustering. Geoderma 173: 111-118.Doberman A and T Fairhurst. 2000.  Rice: Nutrient disorders and nutrient management. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI).  Philippines. 191p. Dobermann A, C Witt, S Abdulrachman, HC Gines, R Nagarajan, TT Son, PS Tan, GH Wang, NV Chien, VTK Thoa, CV Phung, P Stalin, P Muthukrishnan, V Ravi, M Babu, GC Simbahan and MAA Adviento. 2003. Soil fertility and indigenous nutrient supply in irrigated rice domains of asia.  Agron J 95: 913-923.Esington ME. 2003. Soil and Water Chemistry. An Integrative Approach. CRC Press. Boca Raton - Florida. 523p.Fairhurst T,  A Dobermann, AG Quijano and V Balasubramanian. 2007. Kahat dan Keracunan Mineral dalam  Padi: Panduan Praktis Pengelolaan Hara, In : Fairhurst, C. Witt, RJ. Buresh, and A. Dobermann (Eds.). International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI), and International Potash Institute (IPI). Diterjemahkan oleh Adi Wiyono. Badan Litbang Pertanian. Jakarta. 91p + A-46p  (in Indonesian).Haefele SM and MCS Wopereis. 2005. Spatial variability of indigenous supplies for N, P and K and its impact on fertilizer strategies for irrigated rice in West Africa. Plant  Soil 270: 57-72.Haefele SM, DE Johnson, S Diallo, MCS Wopereis and I Janin. 2000.  Improved soil fertility and weed management is profitable for irrigated rice farmers in the Sahel. Field Crops Res 66: 101-113.Hanudin E. 2000. Pedoman Analisis Kimia Tanah. Jurusan Tanah. Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta (in Indonesian).Hazelton P and B Murphy. 2007. Interpreting Soil Test Results. What Do All The Numbers Mean?. CSIRO Publishing.  Australia. 152p.Kyuma K. 2004. Paddy Soil Science. Kyoto University Press and Trans Pacific Press. 290p.  Mc Bratney AB and MJ Pringle. 1997. Spatial variability in soil-implication for precision agriculture. In: JV Stafford (ed.) Precision Agriculture ‘97. Vol. I. Bioss Scientific Publ. Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom, pp.3-31.Meunier A.  2005. Clays. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Germany. 467p.N Davatgar, MR Neishabouri and AR Sepaskhah. 2012.  Delineation of site specific nutrient management zones for a paddy cultivated area based on soil fertility using fuzzy clustering. Geoderma 173-174: 111-118.Nguyen BV, DC Olk and KG Cassman. 2004.  Characterization of Humic Acid Fractions Improves Estimates of Nitrogen Mineralization Kinetics for Lowland Rice. Soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68: 1266-1277.Poerwadi AD and A Masduqi. 2004. Penurunan Kadar Besi oleh Media Zeolit Alam Ponorogo Secara Kontinyu. JPurifikasi 5: 169-174  (in Indonesian).Prasetyo BH and RJ Gilkes. 1997. Properties of Kaolinit from Oxisol and Alfisols in West Java.  Agrivita  20: 220 - 227.Sirappa MP, AN Susanto, AJ Rieuwpassa, ED Waas and S Bustaman. 2005. Karakteristik, Jenis Tanah dan Penyebarannya Pada Wilayah Dataran Waeapo,  Pulau Buru. Agriplus  15(1): 20-32 (in Indonesian).Sulaeman, Suprapto dan Eviati. 2005. Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air  dan Pupuk. Edisi Pertama. 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Relationship between Distance Sampling and Carbon Dioxide Emission under Oil Palm Plantation Dariah, Ai; Agus, Fahmuddin; Susanti, Erni; Jubaedah, .
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 18 No. 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.125-130

Abstract

Carbon dioxide emission on peatland under oil palm plantation were highly varied probably due to many factors involved.  The objectives of the research were to evaluate the effect of distance sampling from center of oil palm tree on Carbon dioxide flux, and  to study the factors that cause variability of carbon dioxide flux on peatland under oil palm plantation.  The study was conducted on peatland at Arang-Arang Village, Kumpek Ulu Sub-District, Muaro Jambi District, Jambi Province, on six year old oil palm plantation.  The study was conducted in the form of observational exploratory.  Emission measurements performed on 5 selected oil palm trees at points within 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 cm from the center of trunk.  Carbon dioxide flux was measured using (IRGA), Li-COR 820.  The results showed that there is significant correlation between the distance of sampling from center of oil palm tree and Carbon dioxide flux.  The farther distance from the tree, Carbon dioxide flux more decreased. Before applying fertilizer, variability of soil fertility was not significantly correlated with the flux of Carbon dioxide, so the difference of Carbon dioxide flux based on distance sampling can be caused by root distribution factor.  After fertilizer application, variability of Carbon dioxide flux under the oil palm tree were beside affected by differences in root distribution, was also greatly influenced by fertilization.Keywords: Carbon dioxide flux, distance sampling, oil palm, peat, root-related respiration [How to Cite: Dariah A, F Agus, E Susanti and Jubaedah. 2013.Relationship between Sampling Distance and Carbon Dioxide Emission under Oil Palm Plantation. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 125-130. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.125][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.125] REFERENCESAgus F, E Handayani, van M Noordwijk, K Idris and S Sabiham.  2010 Root respiration interferes with peat CO2 emission measurement. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 1 - 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia. 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Long-term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Yields Utomo, Muhajir; Banuwa, Irwan Sukri; Buchari, Henrie; Anggraini, Yunita; Berthiria, .
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 18 No. 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.131-139

Abstract

The impact of agricultural intensification on soil degradation now is occurring in tropical countries. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of long-term tillage and N fertilization on soil properties and crop yields in corn-soybean rotation. This long-term study which initiated since 1987 was carried out on a Typic Fragiudult soil at Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Sumatra (105o13’45.5"-105o13’48.0"E, 05o21’19.6"-05o21’19.7"S) in 2010 and 2011. A factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The first factor was tillage system namely intensive tillage (IT) and conservation tillage (CT) which consist of minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT); while the second factor was N fertilization with rates of 0, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1 applied for corn, and 0, 25, and 50 kg N ha-1 for soybean. The results showed that  bulk density and soil strength at upper layer after 24 years of cropping were similar among treatments, but the soil strength under IT at 50-60 cm depth was 28.2% higher (p<0.05) than NT. Soil moisture and temperature under CT at 0-5 cm depth were respectively 38.1% and 4.5%  higher (p<0.05) than IT. High N rate decreased soil pH at 0-20 cm depth as much as 10%,  but increased total soil N at 0-5 cm depth as much as 19% (p<0.05).  At 0-10 cm depth, MT with no N had highest exchangeable K, while IT with medium N rate had the lowest (p<0.05). At 0-5 cm depth, MT with no N had highest exchangeable Ca, but it had the lowest (p<0.05) if combined with higher N rate. Microbial biomass C throughout   the growing season for NT was consistently highest and it was 14.4% higher (p<0.05) than IT. Compared to IT, Ap horizon of CT after 24 years of cropping was deeper, with larger soil structure and more abundance macro pores. Soybean and corn yields for long-term CT were 64.3% and 31.8% higher (p<0.05) than IT, respectively. Corn yield for long-term N with rate of 100 kg N ha-1 was 36.4% higher (p<0.05) than with no N.Keywords: Conservation tillage, crop yields, N fertilization, soil properties[How to Cite: Utomo M, IS Banuwa, H Buchari, Y Anggraini  and  Berthiria. 2013.Long-term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Yields. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 131-139. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.131][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.131] REFERENCESAl-Kaisi and X Yin. 2005. Tillage and crop residue effects on soil carbon dioxide emission in corn-   soybean rotation. J Environ Qual 34: 437-445. Pub Med. Barak P, BO Jobe, AR Krueger, LA Peterson and DA Laird. 1997. Effects of long-term soilacidification due to nitrogen inputs in Wisconsin. Plant Soil 197: 61-69.Blake GR and KH  Hartge. 1986.  Bulk density. In: A Klute (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. 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Gorontalo, 6-7 Oktober, 2004, pp. 18-35 (in Indonesian).Utomo M,  A Niswati, Dermiyati, M R Wati, AF Raguan and S Syarif. 2010. Earthworm and soil carbon sequestration after twenty one years of continuous no-tillage corn-legume rotation in Indonesia. JIFS  7: 51-58.Utomo M, H Buchari, IS Banuwa, LK Fernando and R Saleh. 2012. Carbon storage and carbon dioxide emission as influenced by long-term conservation tillage and nitrogen fertilization in corn-soybean rotation. J Trop Soil 17: 75-84.Wang W,  RC Dalal and PW Moody. 2001. Evaluation of the microwave irradiation method for measuring soil microbial biomass. Soil Sci  Soc Am J 65: 1696-1703.Wright AL and FM Hons.  2004. Soil aggregation and carbon and nitrogen storage under soybean cropping sequences. Soil Sci Soc Am J 68: 507-513. Zibilske LM, JM Bradford and JR Smart. 2002. Conservation tillage induced change in organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in a semi-arid alkaline subtropical soil. 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Soil Erosion Prediction Using GIS and Remote Sensing on Manjunto Watershed Bengkulu, Indonesia Gunawan, Gusta; Sutjiningsih, Dwita; Soeryantono, Herr; Widjanarko, Soelistiyoweni
JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS Vol. 18 No. 2: May 2013
Publisher : UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.141-148

Abstract

The study aims to assess the rate of erosion that occurred in Manjunto Watershed and financial loss using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing. Model used to determine the erosion is E30 models. The basis for the development of this model is to integrate with the slope of the slope between NDVI. The value of NDVI obtained from satellite imagery. Slope factor obtained through the DEM processing. To determine the amount of economic losses caused by erosion used the shadow prices. The amount of nutrients lost converted to fertilizer price. The results showed that the eroded catchment area has increased significantly. The rate of average annual erosion in the watershed Manjunto in 2000 amounted to 3 Mg ha-1 yr-1. The average erosion rate in the watershed Manjunto annual increase to 27 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in the year 2009. Economic losses due to erosion in 2009 was Rp200,000,- for one hectare. Total losses due to erosion for the total watershed area is Rp15,918,213,133, -. The main factor causing the high rate of erosion is high rainfall, slope and how to grow crops that do not pay attention to the rules of conservation.Keywords: Soil erosion, digital elevation model, GIS, remote sensing, valuation erosion[How to Cite: Gunawan G, D Sutjiningsih, H Soeryantono and S Widjanarko. 2013.Soil Erosion Prediction Using GIS and Remote Sensing on Manjunto Watershed Bengkulu-Indonesia. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 141-148. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.141][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.141]REFERENCESAksoy E, G Ozsoy and MS Dirim. 2009. Soil mapping approach in GIS using Landsat satellite imagery and DEM data. Afr J Agric Res 4: 1295-1302.Ananda J and G Herath. 2003. Soil erosion in developing countries: a socio-economic appraisal. J Environ Manage 68: 343-353.Ananda J, G Herath and A Chisholm. 2001. Determination of yield and Erosion Damage Functions Using Subjectivly Elicited Data: application to Smallholder Tea in Sri Lanka. 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