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Spirakel
Published by Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan
ISSN : 20861346     EISSN : 23548819     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22435/spirakel
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
SPIRAKEL is a media for researchers / academics / students / practitioners of Health Office, Department of Health, Public Health Service Center, to obtain or disseminate scientific information on tropical infectious diseases.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 50 Documents
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TINGKAT INFEKSI SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTH PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR DI DATARAN TINGGI BADA, KECAMATAN LORE BARAT, KABUPATEN POSO, SULAWESI TENGAH Rosmini Rosmini; Anis Nurwidayati
SPIRAKEL Vol 9 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Baturaja

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Abstract

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries, also in Indonesia. STH’s infection were caused by nematode such as (ring worm, hook worm and whip worm. This infection affecting the physical growth and cognitive development in school age children. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of STH infection among school children in Tuare and Lengkeka, West Lore District, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This study was conducted with cross sectional design. The study was conducted in May 2016. Stool smple were collected from school children class 4 and 5 in Tuare and Lengkeka, then examined using Kato-Kat’z method. The results showed that infection of STH due to Ascaris worm were found inTuare and Lengkeka Village, which prevalence were 18.18% and 19.35%. Mix infection of Ascaris and hookworm were also found in both location with the prevalence were 9.09% and 6.45%. The infection of whip worm was only found in Tuare Village which prevalence was 4.55%. Based on the results can be concluded that the STH infection in Tuare and Lengkeka Village still remain high. The treatment of school children as well as behavioral counseling clean and healthy living were needed to be conducted in both village.
KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT DAN KUALITAS AIR TERHADAP KEBERADAAN JENTIK Aedes spp DI KELURAHAN SUKARAMI PALEMBANG Indah Margarethy; Nungki Hapsari Suryaningtyas; Desy Asyati
SPIRAKEL Vol 9 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Baturaja

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Abstract

Sukarami regency is one of the areas with the highest dengue cases in Palembang City. The presence of larvae will affect the mosquito population of dengue vectors. The spot has several characteristic differences that will affect the Aedes spp mosquito. to meet the eggs This study aims to determine the relationship between larvae habitat with habitat characteristics and air quality. The sample of this research is 100 homes inhabited as residence in Sukarami Village. Collection of Aedes spp larvae. with single larvae method. Aedes spp larvae habitat habitat data collection through the form. Measurement of water quality in Aedes spp larvae habitat. carried out to obtain water temperature, pH and salinity. The resulting data is then processed and categorized based on each variable. The analysis using bivariate using chi-square test to know the relationship between habitat characteristics and water quality with larvae area. The results showed significant differences between container type, container wall surface, container location, cover condition and water pH with Aedes spp larvae seeds (p <0.05). DHF surveillance activities through cadre empowerment for widening and Aedes spp eradication larvae should be undertaken as an effort to restore the chain of Aedes spp mosquitoes and propagation.
BERBAGAI ASPEK TENTANG MALARIA DI KABUPATEN PESAWARAN, PROVINSI LAMPUNG Ritawati Ritawati; Yanelza Supranelfy
SPIRAKEL Vol 10 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Baturaja

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Abstract

Malaria is one of infectious diseases that still affect health problems in Indonesia. Pesawaran District, Lampung is a malaria endemic area, Annual Parasite Insidense (API) for 5 years (2013-2017) including areas with High Case Insidence (HCI) because it has API> 5 ‰. Efforts are made towards malaria-free areas that is integrated malaria control. This requires local entomological data primarily related to species, malaria morbidity, community behavior towards malaria and data on the use of anti-malarial drugs. The method used in the writing of literature study through the study of books, articles, and scientific journals from 2008 to 2017. API Pesawaran District in 2017 highest is 7,5‰ for 10 years (2008-2017 ). Anopheles spp, found in Pesawaran District are Anopheles barbumbrosus, An. nigerrimus, An.nitidus, An peditaeniatus, An.sundaicus, An. barbirostris, An. annularis, An. minimus, An. kochi, An. aconitus, An. tessellatus, An. vagus, An. subpictus, An.indefinitus, An. maculatus and An. hyrcanus group. Community attitudes found that the variables associated with malaria incidence are the habit of going out at night, the installation of wire netting, the density of the walls of the house, the use of mosquito nets at night, the use of anti-mosquito / repellent and the use of body covering. The use of ACT as an anti malarial drug especially Falciparum in Pesawaran District, Lampung is still adequately with highest failure prevalence was 11.59% and the lowest at 2.1%.
EFEKTIVITAS GRANUL DAUN SALAM (Eugenia polyantha Wight) SEBAGAI LARVASIDA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti Priadi Eling Waskito; Widya Hary Cahyati
SPIRAKEL Vol 10 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Baturaja

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Abstract

The usage of synthetic larvicide has many weakness, such as causing resistance. The alternative way to reduce the unwanted impact by using biolarvicide from plants such as the bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha Wight). The purpose of this research is to find out the larvicidal effect of bay leaf extract granule againts Aedes aegypti. The study was conducted with true experiment method with post test only control group design. The population of this research was Ae. aegypti larvae instar III in IVRCRD Salatiga. Total sample were 600 larvae used. The data was analyzed with univariate and bivariate analysis (Kruskal Wallis) by using SPSS. The result showed that there was correlation between bay leaf extract granule due to larvae mortality (p=0.001). The value of LC50 of bay leaf extract granule is 3,646.770 mg and LC90 is 9,430.171 mg. The value of LT50 of 3,500 mg is 27.462 hours, while LT90 is 4.778E3 hours. Based on acute toxicity test, it has affected to Ae. aegypti larvae.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS AIR KOTORAN SAPI DAN AIR KOTORAN AYAM SEBAGAI ATRAKTAN PADA OVITRAP TERHADAP JUMLAH TELUR Aedes aegypti EFEKTIFITAS AIR KOTORAN SAPI DAN AIR KOTORAN AYAM SEBAGAI ATRAKTAN PADA OVITRAP TERHADAP JUMLAH TELUR Aedes eegypti Yunita Budiman; Suwarja Suwarja; Robinson Pianaung; Steven Jacob Soenjono; Milana Salim
SPIRAKEL Vol 10 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Baturaja

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Abstract

Penyakit berbasis lingkungan masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat sampai saat ini. Salah satu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kondisi sanitasi yang tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan adalah demam berdarah dengue yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Nyamuk ini mengalami siklus kehidupan di dua habitat yakni stadium pra dewasa (telur, larva dan pupa) hidup di lingkungan air sedangkan stadium dewasa (nyamuk) hidup di luar air. Pengendalian nyamuk Ae. aegypti memerlukan tindakan pengawasan oleh surveilans. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas air kotoran sapi dan air kotoran ayam sebagai atraktan pada ovitrap terhadap jumlah telur Aedes aegypti yang tertangkap. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan rancangan post test only control grup. Jumlah telur Aedes aegypti yang tertangkap berjumlah 429. Media air kotoran sapi kosentrasi 5 % menghasilkan 288 butir (67,1%,) rata-rata 72, air kotoran ayam kosentrasi 5 % menghasikan 52 butir (12,1%) rata-rata 13 dan pada air sumur 200 ml (kontrol) menghasilkan 89 butir (20,8%) rata-rata 22. Hasil hipotesis menunjukan nilai probabilitas signifikan 0,000 lebih kecil dari taraf signifikan (α) 0,05 maka ada hubungan jenis media air yang digunakan dengan jumlah telur Aedes aegypti yang tertangkap. Dan air kotoran sapi merupakan jenis media air yang paling disukai nyamuk Aedes aegyti untuk meletakan telurnya dari pada air kotoran ayam.
GAMBARAN DAERAH RESEPTIF MALARIA DI KECAMATAN SALAMAN KABUPATEN MAGELANG JAWA TENGAH Diana Andriyani Pratamawati; Lulus Susanti; Sidiq Setyo Nugroho; Mujiyono Mujiyono; Ika Martiningsih
SPIRAKEL Vol 10 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Baturaja

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Abstract

Kasus malaria baru masih ditemukan di Kabupaten Magelang sepanjang tahun 2017. Kabupaten Magelang termasuk kawasan perbukitan Menoreh yang pada tahun 2014 telah menerima sertifikat bebas malaria, namun pada tahun 2015 kasus malaria meningkat hingga ditemukannya kembali kasus indigenous yaitu kasus yang penderitanya tidak pergi keluar desa/keluar pulau sebelum sakit. Sepanjang tahun 2015 hingga 2017 terus menerus ditemukan kasus positif malaria di Kabupaten Magelang baik kasus impor maupun indigenous. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan kendala survailans migrasi dalam peningkatan kasus malaria di Kabupaten Magelang tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain cross-sectional, lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan Salaman Kabupaten Magelang sebagai wilayah dengan kasus tertinggi malaria. Sampel yang diambil secara purposive dari semua pasien suspek malaria yang diperiksa Juru Malaria Desa pada bulan Januari-November 2017. Sampel terdiri dari kasus positif Plasmodium malaria dan sampel kontrol yang tidak sakit malaria serta sebanding umurnya dengan sampel kasus. Jumlah kasus dan kontrol dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 14 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kasus malaria di Kabupaten Magelang merupakan perpaduan kasus impor dan kasus indigenous. Sebagian besar penderita malaria berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan umur < 45 tahun, serta pekerjaan paling banyak sebagai buruh di daerah Kalimantan Tengah. Wilayah Kabupaten Magelang dapat digolongkan sebagai daerah reseptif malaria dengan ditemukan berbagai spesies vektor malaria seperti Anopheles maculatus, An. balabacensis, An. vagus di sekitar kandang ternak di Desa Paripurno dan Desa Kalirejo. Keberadaan Juru malaria desa (JMD) dalam keberhasilan survailans migrasi di Kecamatan Salaman Kabupaten Magelang sangatlah penting, namun adanya keterbatasan jumlah JMD sementara daerah yang sulit dijangkau cukup luas menyebabkan kegiatan surveilans migrasi menjadi tidak optimal.
PERILAKU MASYARAKAT MUARO JAMBI DALAM PENCEGAHAN FILARIASIS LIMFATIK Maya Arisanti; Rizki Nurmaliani
SPIRAKEL Vol 10 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Baturaja

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Abstract

Filariasis limfatik merupakan penyakit yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Salah satu kabupaten yang masih mengalami masalah kesehatan filariasis limfatik adalah Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Penularan filariasis limfatik disebabkan masih adanya cacing filaria. Mansonia uniformis merupakan vektor yang ditemukan di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran epidemiologi filariasis limfatik di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi dengan melihat beberapa aspek. Hasil penelusuran literatur menunjukkan bahwa hingga tahun 2014 ditemukan 130 kasus filariasis limfatik di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, tiga diantaranya merupakan kasus baru. Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor kovariat terjadinya filariasis limfatik adalah perilaku masyarakat yang tidak menggunakan pelindung diri dari gigitan nyamuk sewaktu tidur dan saat keluar rumah di malam hari. Faktor lain terkait lingkungan yaitu keberadaan genangan air, sawah dan rawa bisa menjadi tempat berkembangbiak vektor penyebab filariasis limfatik. Jadi jarak rumah yang dekat dengan sawah/rawa merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya filariasis limfatik. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah masih ditemukannya kasus baru pada tahun 2014 mengindikasikan masih terjadinya penularan filariasis di kabupaten tersebut. Penularan terjadi karena masyarakat yang belum sepenuhnya melakukan tindakan pencegahan dari gigitan nyamuk khususnya Ma. uniformis sebagai vektor filariasis limfatik di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi.
UJI EFIKASI KELAMBU BERINSEKTISIDA DI DESA SUMARE KABUPATEN MAMUJU PROVINSI SULAWESI BARAT Anis Nurwidayati; Andi Arahmadani Arasy
SPIRAKEL Vol 11 No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Baturaja

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Abstract

One of malaria control methods is by prevention of vector control by using insecticide. One of them is the long-lasting Insecticidal nets (LLINs). The use of LLINs is chosen because it is easy to apply and lasts longer (approximately three years). However, uncontrolled and continuous use will triggers the resistance of mosquitoes to insecticides present in mosquito nets. The test activity aimed to determine the effectiveness of LLINs in Sumare Village. Testing was conducted by following WHO standard method. The results showed that LLINs with permethrin active ingredient in 2012 were no longer effective to be used, with the mortality rate of Anopheles subpictus mosquitoes only 36%. Testing of active LLINs delthamethrin procurement in 2014 was also not effective with Anopheles subpictus mosquito mortality rate of 61.4%. Average temperature recorded during the test was 29C and relative humidity of 72%. The conclusion is the LLINs in Sumare Village that used for one up to three years was not effective.
DAYA BUNUH EKSTRAK KULIT KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) TERHADAP JENTIK Aedes sp Stevie Mariany Pamikiran; Steven J. Soenjono; Suwarja Suwarja; Indah Margarethy; Milana Salim; Nungki Hapsari Suryaningtyas
SPIRAKEL Vol 10 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Baturaja

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Abstract

Pengendalian jentik Aedes sp dengan cara menggunakan insektisida alami dapat berfungsi sebagai upaya pencegahan timbulnya resistensi terhadap insektisida kimiawi. Senyawa yang terkandung dalam tumbuhan berpotensi sebagai insektisida yaitu golongan sianida, saponin, tanin, flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid dan minyak atsiri. Salah satunya ekstrak dari kulit kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) mengandung senyawa flavonoid. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak kulit kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) dalam membunuh jentik Aedes sp. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat eksperimen dengan desain penelitian post test only control group design untuk mengetahui konsentrasi letal ekstrak kulit kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) terhadap jentik Aedes sp. Perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali pengulangan dengan jumlah jentik Aedes sp masing-masing 10 jentik. Konsentrasi yang digunakan yaitu 0,25%, 0,5%, 0,75%, 1% dan kontrol menggunakan air sumur. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 1% efektif dalam membunuh jentik Aedes sp sebesar 50%. dan nilai LC50 ekstrak kulit kentang pada konsentrasi 1,1%. Ekstrak kulit kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) belum efektif digunakan sebagai larvasida Aedes sp.
EFEKTIVITAS KELAMBU BERINSEKTISIDA TERHADAP NYAMUK An.sundaicus (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) DAN PENGGUNAANNYA DI DESA SUNGAI NYAMUK, KALIMANTAN UTARA Sugiarto Sugiarto; Upik Kesumawati Hadi; Susi Soviana; Lukman Hakim
SPIRAKEL Vol 10 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Baturaja

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Abstract

Long lasting insecticide nets (LLiNs) are used in vector control programs to malaria elimination. Maintenance of LLiNs is an important factor to ensure the effectiveness of the bed nets. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of LLiNs against An. sundaicus and analyze knowledge, attitudes, practises (KAP). The research was conducted in the Sungai Nyamuk Village, Sebatik Sub District, Nunukan District - North Kalimantan. The method used in this research is the WHO bioassay cone test and questionnaires of KAP for the use of LLiNs. The efficacy test consists of the treatment and control groups. Treatment group was LLiNs that have been used for 6 months, 12-23 months and over 24 months, while the control group was bed nets without insecticide. The results showed that LLiNs have been used for 6 months had the highest effectiveness with mortality 24 hours and 1 hour knockdown An. sundaicus amounted to 94,13%. While LLiNs have been used for 12-23 months showed ineffective with 24-hour mortality is 71,74%, LLiNs more than 24 months (mortality 24 hours is 37,33%). KAP results showed a 100% respondents to accept the distribution of LLiNs, but not willing to wash the nets. The effectiveness of LLiNs is correlated with washing nets. The use of LLiNs to prevent malaria transmission will be effective if supported by good maintenance.

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