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INDONESIA
AL KAUNIYAH
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
ISSN : 19783736     EISSN : 25026720     DOI : 10.15408/kauniyah
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi (p-ISSN: 1978-3736, e-ISSN: 2502-6720) is an Open Access Journal published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, and established since 2007. Since 2016 Al-Kauniyah has established a collaboration with the Association of Lecturer in Biology and Biology Education throughout the State Islamic Higher University (PTKIN) in Indonesia. Until 2015, Al-Kauniyah covered environmental biology solely, but since 2016 the journal has been extended to cover the entire field of biological science (bioscience). By publishing biannually, on April and October, Al-Kauniyah is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject of biology. Since volume 9 issue 1 April 2016, Al-Kauniyah had been changes the layout. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. Manuscripts can be submitted to AL-KAUNIYAH
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Articles 460 Documents
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Quality of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) Gamma Irradiation Result in the Second Generation (MV2) Manhalush Intan Shafifi; Dasumiati Dasumiati; Deudeu Lasmawati; Marina Yuniawati Maryono; Junaidi Junaidi; Irawan Sugoro
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 1 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i1.17008

Abstract

AbstrakRumput gajah (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) memiliki kadar protein kasar 6,26%. Ternak ruminansia membutuhkan protein kasar 10–15%. Cara alternatif untuk meningkatkan kadar protein kasar dan karakter agronomi dapat dilakukan dengan metode mutasi induksi menggunakan sinar gama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar protein kasar tertinggi dan melakukan karakterisasi aksesi hasil iradiasi gama untuk proses seleksi. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan, yaitu rancangan acak kelompok faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah iradiasi dosis dengan taraf 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, dan 50 Gy. Faktor kedua adalah buku batang, yaitu buku batang atas, tengah, dan bawah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa protein kasar tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan buku tengah dengan dosis 50 Gy dengan nilai 17,21% dan peningkatan persentase sebesar 12,19%. Hasil berpengaruh nyata pada generasi kedua terjadi pada karakter agronomi jumlah tunas. Kadar protein kasar tertinggi terjadi pada buku tengah dosis 50 Gy. Perlakuan buku atas dosis 10 Gy memperoleh karakter jumlah tunas yang banyak pada generasi kedua. Peningkatan kadar protein kasar dan karakter agronomi rumput gajah yang diperoleh belum stabil, karena termasuk dalam generasi awal. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai penelitian lanjutan untuk memperoleh tanaman rumput gajah dengan kadar protein kasar dan karakter agronomi rumput gajah yang stabil.Abstract Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) had crude protein 6.26%. Ruminant animals need 10–15% crude protein. An alternative way to increase the crude protein with induction by used gamma-ray irradiation. The purpose of this research were to determine the highest crude protein content and characterize accessions resulting from gamma irradiation for the selection process. The experimental design used a random block design. The first factor, gamma irradiation with level dose 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Gy. The second factor, upper node, middle node, and lower node. The result were the highest crude protein occurred in the middle node with a dosage of 50 Gy with a value of 17.21% and a percentage increase 12.19%. The significant result occurred in agronomic characters of total of shoots in the second generation. The highest increase of crude protein occurred on the middle node dose of 50 Gy. Interaction of the upper node dose of 10 Gy was able to obtain the most shoots in the second generation. The increase in crude protein content and agronomic character of elephant grass was not stable because it was included in the early generation. The results of this research can be used as further research to obtain elephant grass with stable high crude protein content and stable elephant grass agronomic characters.
Keberadaan Ruellia simplex (Acanthaceae) Ternaturalisasi di Pulau Jawa Arifin Surya Dwipa Irsyam; Arieh Mountara; Asih Perwita Dewi; Muhammad Rifqi Hariri; Peniwidiyanti Peniwidiyanti; Rina Ratnasih Irwanto; Zakaria Al Anshori
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 1 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i1.18125

Abstract

AbstrakInformasi mengenai suku Acanthaceae di Jawa telah dianggap selesai ketika buku Flora of Java diterbitkan. Berdasarkan buku tersebut, marga Ruellia di Jawa hanya terdiri dari lima jenis, yaitu R. brevifolia, R. costata, R. elegans, R. Repens, dan R. tuberosa. Sebagian besar dari anggota Ruellia merupakan jenis asing yang ternaturalisasi, sehingga Ruellia eksotik lainnya yang belum terekam kemungkinan masih ada. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menyediakan informasi terkini marga Ruellia di Pulau Jawa dan akan menjadi bagian dari penulisan Alien Flora of Java. Penelitian dilakukan di Jawa Barat (Bandung, Bogor, Depok, Cianjur, Sukabumi, Sumedang, dan Tasikmalaya), Jawa Tengah (Tegal), Yogyakarta, dan Jawa Timur (Malang) pada bulan September hingga November 2020. Pengamatan spesimen Ruellia dilakukan di Herbarium Bogoriense. Penelitian ini berhasil mengungkap satu jenis tambahan spesies dari marga Ruellia, yaitu R. simplex C.Wright. Jenis tersebut dibudidayakan sebagai tanaman hias, namun populasi meliarnya telah ditemukan di Cimenyan (Kabupaten Bandung), Rancaekek (Kabupaten Bandung), Pasir Mulya (Kota Bogor), dan Leuwiliang (Kabupaten Bogor). Jenis ini diduga telah ternaturalisasi dan memiliki kemungkinan untuk tumbuh mendominasi hingga mengancam flora lokal. Secara morfologi, R. simplex dicirikan oleh perawakan yang tegak, helaian daun melanset hingga memita, dan bunga yang berwarna ungu, jambon pucat, atau putih. Kunci determinasi untuk marga Ruellia di Jawa, deskripsi jenis, foto, dan diskusi singkat disajikan dalam makalah ini.Abstract Based on the Flora of Java, the genus Ruellia in the island only consists of five species, namely R. brevifolia, R. costata, R. elegans, R. repens and R. tuberosa. Most of the species are naturalized alien flora. Thus, other exotic Ruellia that have not been recorded may still exist. Our study was conducted to provide updated information on the genus Ruellia in Java and be part of the Alien Flora of Java writing. Field study was conducted in West Java (Bandung, Bogor, Depok, Cianjur, Sukabumi, Sumedang, and Tasikmalaya), Central Java (Tegal), Jogjakarta, and East Java (Malang) from September to November 2020. Further specimen examinations were carried out in Herbarium Bogoriense and Herbarium Bandungense. This research revealed a newly recorded alien species found in Java, namely R. simplex C. Wright. The species is commonly cultivated as an ornamental plant, and it also has been naturalized in the island. Its wild populations were found in Cimenyan (Bandung Regency), Rancaekek (Bandung Regency), Pasir Mulya (Bogor City), and Leuwiliang (Bogor Regency). Ruellia simplex is characterized by its erect habit, lanceolate to linear leaves, and corolla in purple, pale pink, or white. The updated key to the Ruellia of Java, species description, photographs, and a brief discussion is presented in this paper.
Isolasi dan Uji Aktivitas Enzim Β-Galaktosidase Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) dari Fermentasi Buah Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Fitri Yuniarti; Wahyu Hidayati; Septi Setiawati; Khansa Nabilah
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 1 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i1.15523

Abstract

AbstrakKemampuan bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dalam menghasilkan enzim β-galaktosidase berguna untuk mengatasi masalah pencernaan pada penderita intoleransi laktosa. Buah sirsak (Annona muricata L.) adalah salah satu sumber isolat BAL. Kandungan glukosa pada buah sirsak berguna untuk pertumbuhan BAL, terutama selama proses fermentasi buah sirsak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat BAL yang memiliki aktivitas enzim β-galaktosidase yang diisolasi selama proses fermentasi buah sirsak. Aktivitas enzim diuji dengan mengukur kemampuan enzim β-galaktosidase dalam menguraikan laktosa menjadi monosakarida. Penelitian di awali dengan isolasi BAL selama fermentasi buah sirsak dan dilanjutkan dengan karakterisasi BAL secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis.  Pengukuran aktivitas enzim isolat BAL terpilih dilakukan dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Visible dengan substrat o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) dan dilanjutkan pengukuran kadar protein dengan metode Bradford. Hasil penelitian menemukan enam isolat BAL. Aktivitas enzim β-galaktosidase tertinggi ditemukan pada isolat SM6, yaitu 0,292 U/mL dan kadar protein 0,8092 mg/mL. Penelitian ini menemukan, buah sirsak merupakan sumber isolat BAL yang potensial menghasilkan enzim β-galaktosidase. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi informasi tambahan mengenai bahan alam sumber isolat BAL penghasil enzim β-galaktosidase, untuk dapat dimanfaatkan bagi penderita intoleransi laktosa.Abstract The ability of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) to produce β-galactosidase enzymes is useful for overcoming digestive problems in people with lactose intolerance. Soursop fruit (Annona muricata L.) is a source of LAB isolates, the glucose content in soursop fruit is useful for LAB growth, especially during the fermentation process of soursop fruit. This study aims to obtain LAB isolates that have β-galactosidase enzyme activity isolated during the fermentation process of soursop fruit. Enzyme activity was tested by measuring the ability of the β-galactosidase enzyme to break down lactose into monosaccharides. The research was started with LAB isolation during soursop fruit fermentation and continued with macroscopic and microscopic characterization of LAB. Examination of the enzyme activity of selected LAB isolates was carried out using a visible spectrophotometer with o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) substrate and continued with protein content measurement using the Bradford method. The results of the study found six LAB isolates. The highest activity of -galactosidase enzyme was found in SM6 isolate, which was 0.292 U/mL and protein content was 0.8092 mg/mL. This study showed that soursop fruit is a source of LAB isolates that have the potential to produce β-galactosidase enzymes. The results of this study are expected to provide additional information regarding natural sources of LAB isolates that produce β-galactosidase enzymes, to be used by people with lactose intolerance.
COVER AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI VOL. 15 NO. 1 APRIL 2022 Cover cover
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 1 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i1.26675

Abstract

Identifikasi dan Analisis Filogentik Kerang Kima (Genus Tridacna) dari Pulau Kur Menggunakan DNA Barcoding Teddy Triandiza; Agus Kusnadi; Hawis Madduppa; Neviaty P Zamani; Udhi E Hernawan; Rosmi N Pesillette; Abdul Kadir Yamko; Nurlita P Anggraini; Fildzah Z Hulwani; Ichtineza H Hardono; Risnita Tri Utami
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 1 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i1.17631

Abstract

AbstrakPeran penting kerang Kima secara ekologis sebagai salah satu spesies kunci dalam ekosistem terumbu karang menyebabkan biota laut ini mengalami tekanan antropogenik di sebagian besar wilayah di Indo-Pasifik, termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies Kima genus Tridacna asal Pulau Kur menggunakan markea gen COI dan menganalisis hubungan filogenetiknya. Sampel jaringan Kima diekstrak menggunakan kit ekstraksi komersial. Primer universal (LCO1490; HCO2198) dan primer spesifik Kima (LCO: 5’-GGG TGA TAA TTC GAA CAG AA-3’; RCO: 5’-TAG TTA AAG CCC CAG CTA AA-3’) digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi DNA target. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap 26 sekuen Kima asal Pulau Kur dengan panjang fragmen 479 bp menggunakan software MEGA6 meliputi analisis jarak genetik dan pohon filogenetik. Hasil analisis homologi menggunakan BLASTn mendapatkan empat jenis Kima, yaitu Tridacna maxima, T. crocea, T. noae, dan T. squamosa dengan similaritas 99–100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jarak genetik dalam spesies sangat rendah berkisar 0,0000–0,0103 sedangkan jarak genetik antar spesies berkisar antara 0,0112–0,1729. Hasil konstruksi pohon filogenetik kerang Kima menunjukkan adanya dua klad utama yang kohesif dan jelas terpisah, yaitu kelompok Tridacna yang monofiletik dan Hippopus hippopus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, teknik DNA Barcoding sangat efektif untuk identifikasi dan mengkonfirmasi fenomena cryptic spesies.Abstract The role of the giant clam as the key and ecologically important species in coral reef ecosystem has led them to experience anthropogenic pressure in the most of Indo-pacific region including Indonesia. This research aimed to identify the species of giant clam Tridacna from Kur Island, Southeast Maluku by using COI gene marker and to analyze their phylogenetic relationship. The tissue sample of giant clam was extracted with a commercial extraction kit. Universal primer (LCO1490; HCO2198) and specific primer for giant clam (LCO: 5’-GGG TGA TAA TTC GAA CAG AA-3’; RCO: 5’-TAG TT AAG CCC CAG CTA AA-3’) was used to amplify DNA target. Twenty-six sequences from Kur Island with 479 bp fragment length were analyzed by using MEGA6 software. Homological analysis on BLASTn found four species i.e Tridacna maxima, T. crocea, T. noae, and T. squamosa with 99–100% similarity. The result also showed that genetic distance value intraspecies was very low ranging from 0.000 to 0.0105, while genetic distance inter-species ranged from 0.0112 to 0.1729. Reconstruction of phylogenetic tree of giant clam revealed two main group that cohesive and clearly separated i.e Tridacna group which monophyletic and Hippopus hippopuxs. Based on the result, the DNA barcoding technique was effective for identification and confirmation of the occurrence of cryptic species phenomenon.
Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi (Brassica rapa L.) dengan Pupuk Organik Berbahan Azolla pinnata dan Telur Keong Mas (Pomacea cannaliculata) Regina Cahya Cendekianesti; Erma Prihastanti; Sri Haryanti
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 1 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i1.16919

Abstract

AbstrakSawi hijau (Brassica rapa L.) merupakan sayuran yang memiliki nilai ekonomis karena banyak digemari oleh masyarakat, sehingga budi dayanya membutuhkan pemupukan yang menunjang pertumbuhannya. Penggunaan pupuk organik cair memiliki keunggulan cepat diserap oleh tanaman. Azolla pinnata dan telur keong mas (Pomacea cannaliculata) dapat menjadi kandidat pupuk cair karena mengandung unsur hara tinggi berupa sumber nitrogen, fosfat, dan kalium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan pupuk A. pinnata dan P. cannaliculata berbeda konsentrasi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas sawi hijau. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial 3 x 3 yang terdiri dari 9 perlakuan dan 6 kali ulangan. Konsentrasi pupuk A. pinnata adalah 0 mL/L, 100 mL/L, dan 150 mL/L, sedangkan konsentrasi pupuk P. cannaliculata adalah 0%, 15%, dan 45%. Parameter pengamatan berupa tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat basah, berat kering, panjang daun, lebar daun dan klorofil total. Dana dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi dan Duncan Multiple Range Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi pupuk Azolla pinata dan P. cannaliculata tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat basah, berat kering, lebar daun, panjang daun, dan kadar klorofil total. Namun demikian, pemberian pupuk secara terpisah berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan sawi hijau, dengan penggunaan yang disarankan 100 mL/L air A. pinnata dan 45% P. canaliculata.Abstract Green mustard (Brassica rapa L.) is a vegetable has economic value because it is favored by the community, so its cultivation requires fertilization to support its growth. The use of liquid organic fertilizer has the advantage of being quickly absorbed by plants. Azolla pinnata and golden snail eggs (Pomacea cannaliculata) can be candidates for liquid fertilizer because they contain high nutrients in the form of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium. The study aims to determine the effect of A. pinnata and gold snail eggs as fertilizers with different concentrations on the growth and productivity of green mustard. The research used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of 3 x 3 consisting of 9 treatments and 6 replications. Concentrations of A. pinnata were 0 mL/L, 100 mL/L, and 150 mL/L, while P. cannaliculata were 0%, 15%, and 45%. Parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, leaves width and length. Data obtained were analyzed using the analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test. Result showed that combination of Azolla pinnata and P. canaliculata had no significant effect on plant height, the number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, leaf width, leaf length, and total chlorophyll content. However, the application of fertilizer separately showed a positive effect on the growth of the plant, with the recommended use of A. pinnata at 100 mL/L of water and P. canaliculata at 45%.
Prediksi Potensi Koleksi Kebun Raya Purwodadi Sebagai Anti-Coronavirus: Sebuah Kajian Literatur Elga Renjana; Elok Rifqi Firdiana; Linda Wige Ningrum; Melisnawati H. Angio; Syaiful Rizal
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 1 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i1.16381

Abstract

AbstrakSARS-CoV-2 dikenal sebagai agen penyebab COVID-19. Penyakit ini pertama kali muncul di Cina yang dalam beberapa bulan telah menyebar secara masif ke 198 negara lain termasuk Indonesia, dan menyebabkan pandemik global. Sekalipun vaksin telah ditemukan namun laju mutasi virus yang sangat cepat menjadikannya kurang efektif. Beberapa dekade terakhir, para ilmuwan telah mengidentifikasi senyawa-senyawa tumbuhan yang mempunyai potensi sebagai aktivitas anti-coronavirus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji senyawa aktif yang dapat menghambat aktivitas coronavirus dan menentukan koleksi tumbuhan Kebun Raya Purwodadi yang mengandung senyawa tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan melalui review dan kompilasi berbagai literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KR Purwodadi memiliki 49 jenis, 38 marga, dan 24 suku koleksi tumbuhan yang diprediksi mengandung 12 jenis senyawa anti-coronavirus, yaitu amentoflavone, beta-sitosterol, betulinic acid, curcumin, emodin, epigallocatechin gallate, eucalyptol, hinokinin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, dan quercetin. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan memiliki potensi dalam menyediakan bahan obat alami terhadap penyakit di dunia, sehingga kelestariannya perlu untuk terus dijaga. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan penelitian selanjutnya dalam mencari tumbuhan yang paling berpotensi sebagai anti-coronavirus.Abstract SARS-COV-2 is known as the causing agent of COVID-19. It first appeared in China and in just a few months it spread massively to 198 other countries including Indonesia and caused a global pandemic. Even though the vaccine has been found, the rapid mutation rate of the virus makes it less effective. In the last few decades, scientists have identified the plant compounds as having potential as anti-coronavirus. The purpose of this study was to examine active compounds having the activity of coronavirus inhibition and to determine the living collections of Purwodadi Botanic Garden containing those compounds. The study was conducted through a review and compilation of various related literature. The results showed that Purwodadi BG had 49 species, 38 genera, and 24 families of living collections predicted to contain 12 types of anti-coronavirus compounds, namely amentoflavone, beta-sitosterol, betulinic acid, curcumin, emodin, epigallocatechin gallate, eucalyptol, hinokinin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, and quercetin. It shows that plants are potential to provide natural medicinal ingredients against diseases in the world so their sustainability needs to be maintained. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for further research in finding most potential plants as anti-coronavirus.
Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat Oleh Masyarakat Lokal Etnis Batak Mandailing di Desa Tanjung Julu, Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, Sumatra Utara Marina Silalahi; Nisyawati Nisyawati; Riska Septi Wahyuningtyas
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 1 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i1.17958

Abstract

Masyarakat lokal etnis Batak di Sumatra Utara masih menggunakan tumbuhan dalam pengobatan tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan dan manfaat tumbuhan obat oleh masyarakat etnis Batak Mandailing di Desa Tanjung Julu Kecamatan Mandailing Natal. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan etnobotani. Sebanyak 32 responden umum dan 8 informan kunci diwawancarai dengan wawancara bebas dan semi terstruktur. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan menghitung nilai tanaman obat. Masyarakat di Desa Tanjung Julu menggunakan 163 jenis dengan 128 marga dan 56 famili untuk mengobati 23 macam penyakit. Zingiberaceae, Rutaceae, Asteraceae, dan Arecaceae adalah famili yang paling banyak jumlahnya. Sebagian besar tumbuhan digunakan untuk mengatasi penyakit gaib (gangguan setan 47 jenis) dan penyakit alam (demam sebanyak 59 jenis dan sakit perut sebanyak 43 jenis). Pemanfaatan bunga jopan (Clibadium surinamense) dan sirampas para (Mikania cordata) perlu dikaji lebih lanjut karena tanaman ini masih sangat mudah ditemukan di lingkungan sekitarnya sehingga dapat dikembangkan sebagai alternatif obat sakit perut.Abstract The local Batak ethnic community in North Sumatra still uses plants in traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the types of plants used and the benefits of medicinal plants by the Mandailing Batak ethnic community in Tanjung Julu Village, Mandailing Natal District. The research was conducted with the ethnobotany approach. A total of 32 general respondents and eight key informants were interviewed with free and semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by calculating the value of medicinal plants. Communities in Tanjung Julu Village used 163 type with 128 genera and 56 families to treat 23 types of diseases. Zingiberaceae, Rutaceae, Asteraceae, and Arecaceae are the most numerous families. Most of the plants are used to overcome supernatural diseases (47 species of devil disorders) and natural diseases (fever as many as 59 species and stomach pain as many as 43 species). The utilization of bunga jopan (Clibadium surinamense) and sirampas para (Mikania cordata) needs to be studied further because they are attainable around the environment to be developed as an alternative stomach ache medicine.
Freshwater Snail as Intermediate Host of Trematode in Water Channels of Palangka Raya City Arif Rahman Jabal; Hairil Akbar; Fidela Amadea Dyna Setyaji; Nathasya Rizkyana Riyadi; Abi Bakring Balyas; Ivan Permana Putra; Agnes Immanuela Toemon; Arini Ratnasari
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 1 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i1.25957

Abstract

AbstrakMost of the area of Palangka Raya City consists of peat swamp land that is flooded almost all year round and river flows area. Therefore, there are many species of snails that can be found in rivers and peat swamp water. The existence of snails in peat swamp ecosystems and river flows as an intermediary host for intestinal worms for mammals and humans is essential information for human-environmental health studies. Research on the capability of snails as hosts of Trematodes on peat swamp land and river flows in Palangka Raya City has never been done. Research methods include the collection and identification of snail’s and identification Trematode larvae. We collected 557 snails, and the identification showed the identity of our samples were Ampullariidae: Pila sp., Pomacea sp., Viviparidea: Bellamya sp., and Planorbidae: Indoplanorbis sp. Pila sp. was 35.90%, the most common snail found at the study site compared to Pomacea sp., Bellamya sp., and Indoplanorbis sp.. The results of this study, snail observations confirmed the presence of trematode larvae, namely cercariae and redia. This study is the first information regarding the presence of Trematodes in the snail body at the research area.AbstrakSebagian besar area di Kota Palangka Raya merupakan lahan rawa gambut yang tergenang sepanjang tahun dan daerah aliran sungai. Hal ini membuat potensi keragaman keong yang tinggi di kedua area tersebut. Selain itu, informasi mengenai keberadaan keong sebagai inang dari Trematoda di daerah lahan rawa gambut dan aliran sungai merupakan hal yang penting dalam studi kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. Penelitian mengenai potensi keong sebagai inang dari Trematoda di lahan gambut dan aliran sungai Kota Palangka Raya belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Metode penelitian meliputi koleksi dan identifikasi dari keong yang ditemukan, serta observasi fase hidup Trematoda dalam tubuh keong. Sebanyak 557 keong berhasil dikoleksi pada penelitian ini. Hasil identifikasi keong menunjukkan keberadaan dari Ampullariidae: Pila sp., Pomacea sp., Viviparidea; Bellamya sp., dan Planorbidae: Indoplanorbis sp. Pila sp. sebesar 35,90% merupakan keong yang paling banyak ditemukan di lokasi penelitian dibandingkan dengan Pomacea sp., Bellamya sp.,  dan Indoplanorbis sp. Hasil observasi keong mengkonfirmasi keberadaan larva Trematoda, yakni  cercariae dan redia. Penelitian ini merupakan informasi pertama mengenai keberadaan Trematoda dalam tubuh keong di lokasi penelitian.
DNA Barcoding Anggrek Dendrobium linearifolium Teijsm. & Binn. Berdasarkan Penanda Molekuler ITS2 Mukhamad Su'udi; Dyah Wulan Budyartini; Zakiyah Ramadany
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 1 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i1.16710

Abstract

AbstrakDendrobium linearifolium Teijsm. & Binn. merupakan salah satu spesies anggrek yang telah dimanfaatkan sebagai obat herbal tradisional di Bali. Bagian pseudobulb dari D. linearifolium dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Bali untuk mengobati sakit telinga. Jenis anggrek ini menunjukkan kemiripan morfologi dengan anggrek Dendrobium faciferum J.J. Sm. dan Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. sehingga menyulitkan dalam proses identifikasi menggunakan karakter morfologi. Penggunaan DNA barcoding dengan penanda molekuler Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk membedakan D. linearifolium secara akurat dan tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi D. linearifolium menggunakan DNA barcoding ITS2 sebagai penanda molekuler DNA inti. DNA genom D. linearifolium Teijsm. & Binn. diisolasi dan digunakan sebagai DNA template dalam reaksi PCR. Amplikon yang dihasilkan kemudian diurutkan dengan cara sekuensing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan urutan sekuen ITS2 dari D. linearifolium Teijsm. & Binn. memiliki homologi tinggi  dengan D. junceum (Accession: AB593590; Per. Ident: 92,57%). Hasil analisis bioinformatika menunjukkan urutan sekuen ITS memiliki variasi basa nitrogen yang tinggi dan spesifik yang menunjukkan ciri khas suatu spesies. Dengan demikian, urutan ini dapat dijadikan sebagai penanda molekuler dalam identifikasi spesies anggrek. Sebagai kesimpulan, sekuen ITS2 dapat direkomendasikan sebagai penanda molekuler untuk identifikasi anggrek D. linearifolium Teijsm. & Binn.Abstract Dendrobium linearifolium Teijsm. & Binn is a species of orchid that has been used as traditional herbal medicine in Bali. Balinese uses the pseudobulb of D. linearifolium to treat earaches. This type of orchid shows morphological similarities to D. faciferum J.J. Sm. and D. crumenatum Sw. which raised ardurous to identify using morphological characters. DNA barcoding with the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) as molecular marker is expected to distinguish D. linearifolium accurately and precisely. This study aims to identify D. linearifolium using ITS2 as a molecular marker. The Genomic DNA of D. linearifolium was extracted and used as template DNA in PCR reactions. DNA amplicons are then sequenced. The results showed that ITS2 sequence of D. linearifolium Teijsm. & Binn. has high homology with D. junceum (Accession: AB593590; Per. Ident: 92.57%). The results of the bioinformatics analysis showed that the ITS sequence had a high variation and specificity of nitrogen base to indicate the characteristics of a species. Therefore, this sequence can be used as a molecular marker to identify an orchid to species. In conclusion, the ITS2 sequence can be recommended as a molecular marker for species identification of D. linearifolium.

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