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INDONESIA
AL KAUNIYAH
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
ISSN : 19783736     EISSN : 25026720     DOI : 10.15408/kauniyah
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi (p-ISSN: 1978-3736, e-ISSN: 2502-6720) is an Open Access Journal published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, and established since 2007. Since 2016 Al-Kauniyah has established a collaboration with the Association of Lecturer in Biology and Biology Education throughout the State Islamic Higher University (PTKIN) in Indonesia. Until 2015, Al-Kauniyah covered environmental biology solely, but since 2016 the journal has been extended to cover the entire field of biological science (bioscience). By publishing biannually, on April and October, Al-Kauniyah is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject of biology. Since volume 9 issue 1 April 2016, Al-Kauniyah had been changes the layout. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. Manuscripts can be submitted to AL-KAUNIYAH
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 460 Documents
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Flowering Phenology of Pinang Gajah (Nenga gajah J. Dransf.) in The Bogor Botanic Gardens Rizmoon Nurul Zulkarnaen; Inggit Puji Astuti; Joko Ridho Witono; Aulia Hasan Widjaya; Harto Harto
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 2 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i2.18157

Abstract

AbstractNenga gajah J. Dransf. is an endemic palm species originating from the island of Sumatra. The palm is one of the collections of the Bogor Botanic Gardens with seven collection numbers of N. gajah from Jambi and Riau. However, the reproduction information of the palm is still unknown until now. Information on the phenology of flowering is essential in conservation activities, especially its presence in nature and the production of seeds for reintroduction purposes. This study aims to determine the phases and timing of the flowering period and the factors that influence the flowering of N. gajah in the Bogor Botanic Gardens. This study was conducted on individuals at the phase of initiation of flowering. Flowering observation variables include the length of the period from flower buds to the anthesis phase until the flowers wither, and the fertilization process from young fruit to ripe. The flower and fruit of N. gajah were documented in each stage. The data recorded included flower and fruit development time for each phase and visiting insects. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to describe the process of flowering and fertilization that occurred. The results showed that the flower initiation phase took an average of 25.5 days, the anthesis phase took 6–7 days, the anthesis phase took 7–9 days, and the fruit formation and ripening phase took 100–120 days. Insects that are thought to act as pollinating insects for N. gajah include Trigona sp., Polyrachis sp., and Apis sp.AbstrakNenga gajah J. Dransf. merupakan salah satu jenis palem endemik yang berasal dari Pulau Sumatra. Palem tersebut menjadi salah satu koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor dengan tujuh nomor koleksi N. gajah yang berasal dari Jambi dan Riau namun informasi reproduksi palem tersebut masih belum diketahui hingga kini. Informasi fenologi pembungaan tersebut sangat diperlukan dalam kegiatan konservasi, khususnya keberadaannya di alam dan produksi biji untuk tujuan reintroduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fase-fase dan waktu periode pembungaan dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pembungaan N. gajah di Kebun Raya Bogor. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap individu yang berada pada tahap inisiasi pembungaan. Variabel pengamatan pembungaan meliputi panjang periode dari kuncup bunga menuju fase antesissampai bunga layu dan proses pembuahan dari buah muda sampai masak. Perkembangan bunga dan buah N. gajah didokumentasikan pada setiap fase, data yang dicatat meliputi waktu perkembangan bunga dan buah untuk setiap fase, serta serangga pengunjung. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk menggambarkan proses pembungaan dan pembuahan yang terjadi. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa fase inisiasi bunga membutuhkan waktu rata-rata 25,5 hari, menuju fase antesis membutuhkan waktu 6–7 hari, fase antesis membutuhkan waktu 7–9 hari, dan fase pembentukan dan pematangan buah membutuhkan waktu 100–120 hari. Serangga yang diduga berperan sebagai serangga penyerbuk N. gajah antara lain Trigona sp., Polyrachis sp., dan Apis sp.
Pengaruh Anti-Stres Jus Microgreens Ketumbar (Coriandrum sativum L.) Terhadap Lalat Buah (Drosophila melanogaster) yang Diinduksi Methotrexate Mohamad Agus Salim; Muhammad Subandi
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 2 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i2.18959

Abstract

AbstrakSaat ini, masyarakat dihadapkan pada kondisi kehidupan yang selalu mengganggu metabolisme normalnya dan mengurangi kebugaran tubuh yang dikenal dengan stres. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan jus microgreens ketumbar (Coriandrum sativum L.) (JMK) sebagai agen anti-stres pada Drosophila melanogaster (selanjutnya disebut Drosophila) jantan tipe liar yang diinduksi methotrexate (MTX). Disiapkan empat kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok pertama Drosophila yang tidak diberi perlakuan sebagai kontrol. Kelompok kedua, Drosophila yang mendapatkan perlakuan 10 ppm MTX, kelompok ketiga Drosophila yang mendapat perlakuan 10% JMK, dan kelompok keempat Drosophila yang mendapat perlakuan ganda 10 ppm MTX + 10% JMK. Setiap kelompok perlakuan diulang 4 botol kultur dan setiap botol kultur berisi 30 ekor Drosophila jantan tipe liar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 7 hari pengamatan. Beberapa parameter pengamatan diukur seperti kelulusan hidup dan kemampuan lokomotor (geotaksis negatif). Sedangkan parameter fisiologi yang diamati, yaitu kandungan catalase (CAT) dan superoxide dismutase (SOD). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa JMK dapat memperbaiki kelulusan hidup dan geotaksis negatif Drosophila yang menurun bila mendapat perlakuan MTX saja. Begitupun kandungan CAT, dan SOD yang meningkat pada kelompok Drosophila yang mendapat perlakuan MTX, akan menurun pada kelompok Drosophila yang mendapat perlakuan JMK sebagai indikator berkurangnya kondisi stres. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, JMK memiliki potensi sebagai agen anti-stress pada Drosophila yang diinduksi MTX.AbstractCurrently, people are dealing with situations that always interfere with their normal metabolism and decline their physical fitness, known as stress. This study attempted to evaluate the potential of cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L) microgreens juice as an anti-stress agent in wild-type male methotrexate-induced Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila). Four treatment groups were prepared, namely the first group of non-treated Drosophila, as a control, the second group of Drosophila treated with methotrexate (10 ppm), the third group of Drosophila treated with cilantro microgreens juice (10%) and the fourth group of Drosophila treated with methotrexate (10 ppm) and cilantro microgreens juice (10%) as dual treatment. Each treatment group consisted of 4 bottles of culture as replication, and each culture bottle contained 30 wild-type male Drosophila. This research was conducted for 7 days of observation. Several parameters were observed and measured, such as survival rate and locomotor ability (negative geotaxis). Meanwhile, the physiological parameters observed were catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) content. The results showed that cilantro microgreens juice could improve survival rate and negative geotaxis of Drosophila which were observed to decrease when treated with methotrexate alone. Similarly, increased levels of CAT and SOD were found in Drosophila group that received methotrexate treatment, but both parameters decreased in Drosophila group treated cilantro microgreens juice as an indicator of stress reduction. To conclude, cilantro microgreens juice has the potential as an anti-stress agent in methotrexate-induced Drosophila.
Potential Medicinal Plant Species For Fever Used by Minangkabau Ethnic at Nagari Taruang-Taruang, West Sumatra, Indonesia Ardian Khairiah; Nisyawati Nisyawati; Marina Silalahi; Adeel Abdulkarim Fadhel Altuhaish
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 2 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i2.25261

Abstract

AbstractFever is a symptom of illness that is commonly found in the Minangkabau ethnic community. This way, the Minangkabau ethnic community has local knowledge of utilizing plants to cure fever. The purpose of this study was to obtain species of plants used by the Minangkabau ethnic community in the treatment of diseases with symptoms of fever, as well as their potential as modern medicinal ingredients. The research method was carried out by using the open, semi-structural, and participatory observation techniques. Interviews were conducted with 9 key informants selected by purposive sampling and 126 respondents selected by snowball sampling. Data were analyzed qualitatively with descriptive statistic and quantitatively by calculating the Cultural Significance Index (CSI) and fidelity value. The medicinal plants used were 40 species from 22 families. The most used families were Euphorbiaceae (5 species), Musaceae, and Poaceae (each of 4 species), and Rubiaceae (3 species). Cocos nucifera had the highest CSI value, indicating the species was widely used in Minangkabau community. Based on the value of fidelity, 70% value was obtained by 4 plants to treat fever, namely Costus speciosus, Kalanchoe pinnata, Sacciolepeis interrupta, and Enhydra fluctuans. The four plants have the potential to be further developed into modern medicinal ingredients.AbstrakDemam merupakan gejala sakit yang umum ditemukan pada masyarakat etnis Minangkabau. Masyarakat etnis Minangkabau memiliki pengetahuan lokal dalam memanfaatkan tumbuhan untuk penyembuhan demam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh jenis tumbuhan yang digunakan oleh masyarakat etnis Minangkabau dalam pengobatan penyakit dengan gejala demam, serta potensinya sebagai bahan obat modern. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara terbuka, semistruktural dan observasi partisipasif. Wawancara dilakukan pada 9 orang informan kunci yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dan 126 orang responden yang dipilih menggunakan snowball sampling. Data dianalisis secara statistika deskriptif dan kuantitatif dengan menghitung nilai kultural (Index of Cultural Significance) dan nilai Fidelitas. Tumbuhan yang obat yang dimanfaatkan sebanyak 40 jenis yang berasal dari 22 suku. Famili terbanyak yang dimanfaatkan yaitu Euphorbiaceae (5 jenis), Poaceae dan Musaceae (masing masing 4 jenis), dan Rubiaceae (3 jenis). Cocos nucifera merupakan tumbuhan obat dengan nilai kultural (CSI) tertinggi. Berdasarkan nilai fidelitas terdapat 4 tanaman yang memiliki nilai 70% dalam penyembuhan demam, yaitu Costus speciosus, Kalanchoe pinnata, Sacciolepeis interrupta, dan Enhydra fluctuans. Keempat tanaman tersebut memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi bahan obat modern.
Kandungan Nutrisi, Aktivitas Antioksidan, dan Kadar Fenolik Total Tubuh Buah Kulat Basi (Termitomyces sp.) Asal Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu Henny Sulistiany; Mustika Sari
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 2 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i2.18230

Abstract

AbstrakKulat basi (Termitomyces sp.) adalah jamur asal Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu yang hidup bersimbiosis dengan rayap. Jamur ini digemari masyarakat karena rasanya yang enak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan nutrisi, aktivitas antioksidan, dan kadar fenolik total dari ekstrak metanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksan tubuh buah Kulat basi (Termitomyces sp.). Uji kandungan nutrisi meliputi kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat dilakukan berdasarkan metode Sudarmadji et al. (1984). Aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis dengan metode DPPH dan kadar fenolik total dianalisis dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji proksimat (kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat) dari Kulat basi secara berurutan adalah 16,09 ± 0,19%, 15,64 ± 0,58%, 31,78 ± 0,87%, 1,42 ± 0,02% dan 5,62 ± 0,94%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa Kulat basi mengandung mineral dan protein yang tinggi, serta kandungan lemak dan karbohidrat yang rendah. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dalam meredam radikal DPPH ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak metanol tubuh buah jamur dengan IC50 sebesar 2,54 ± 0,02 mg/mL. Kandungan fenolik total ekstrak metanol juga menunjukkan nilai yang paling tinggi (0,85 ± 0,01 mg GAE/g ekstrak) dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etil asetat dan n-heksan. Dengan demikian, Kulat basi (Termitomyces sp.) berpotensi sebagai makanan fungsional karena memiliki nutrisi yang baik dan berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Abstract Kulat basi (Termitomyces sp.) is a mushroom from Kapuas Hulu Regency that lives in symbiosis with termites. This mushroom is popular because of its delicious taste. This study was conducted to determine the nutrient content, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of Kulat basi (Termitomyces sp.). Testing of the nutrient content test including moisture, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate content was carried out based on the method of Sudarmadji et al. (1984). Antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH method and total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results showed that the proximate test (moisture, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate content) of Kulat basi mushroom was 16.09 ± 0.19%, 15.64 ± 0.58%, 31.78 ± 0.87%, 1.42 ± 0.02% and 5.62 ± 0.94%, respectively. These finding indicated that Kulat basi mushroom contained high minerals and protein, also low fat and carbohydrate content. The highest antioxidant activity in reducing DPPH radicals was shown by the methanol extract of mushroom with IC50of 2.54 ± 0.02 mg/mL. The total phenolic content of methanol extract also revealed the highest value (0.85 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g extract) compared to ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts. In conclusion, Kulat basi (Termitomyces sp.) has the potential as a functional food for its high nutrient content and natural antioxidant potential.
Hubungan Karakter Morfofisiologi dan Hasil Panen Dua Varietas Padi Tercekam Salinitas Menggunakan Penambahan Hara Silika Padat Nasrudin Nasrudin; Arrin Rosmala
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 2 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i2.19005

Abstract

AbstrakPenggunaan varietas toleran dengan penambahan hara silika merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan ketahanan padi terhadap cekaman salinitas sehingga dapat memperbaiki hasil panen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan karakter morfofisiologi dengan hasil panen pada dua varietas padi tercekam salinitas dengan penambahan hara silika padat. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial. Faktor pertama, yaitu padi varietas Dendang dan IPB 4S serta faktor kedua, yaitu dosis silika padat per kg tanah antara lain 300 mg, 450 mg, dan 600 mg. Tinggi padi varietas Dendang lebih rendah dibandingkan tinggi tanaman padi varietas IPB 4S. Namun, padi varietas Dendang memiliki jumlah anakan, bobot kering tajuk, jumlah malai per rumpun, persentase gabah isi, dan produktivitas lebih tinggi. Interaksi padi varietas Dendang dengan penambahan 300 mg dosis silika menghasilkan jumlah malai per rumpun dan produktivitas tertinggi. Jumlah anakan dan bobot kering tajuk berkorelasi positif terhadap jumlah malai per rumpun (R²= 0,85; R²= 0,81), persentase gabah isi (R²= 0,75; R²= 0,60), dan produktivitas (R²= 0,65; R²= 0,70). Padi varietas Dendang mampu tumbuh dan berproduksi lebih optimal pada kondisi salin dibandingkan padi varietas IPB 4S. Penambahan silika sebanyak 300 mg mampu memperbaiki beberapa karakter morfofisiologi dan hasil panen.AbstractThe use of tolerant varieties with the addition of silica nutrients is an effort to increase rice resistance to saline conditions, thus improving the crop yields. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between morphophysiological characters and crop yields of two rice varieties under salinity stress with the addition of solid silica nutrients. The study applied a completely randomized factorial design. The first factor was rice of Dendang and IPB 4S varieties, and the second factor was the dosage of silica per kg of soil, namely 300 mg, 450 mg, and 600 mg. In terms of plant height, Dendang variety was lower than IPB 4S, however Dendang produced higher number of tillers, canopy dry weight, number of panicles, percentage of filled grain, and productivity. Interaction between Dendang variety and the addition of 300 mg silica nutrients resulted in the highest number of panicles and productivity. The number of tillers and canopy dry weight had a positive correlation to number of panicles (R²= 0.85; R²= 0.81), to percentage of filled grain (R²= 0.75; R²= 0.60), and to productivity (R²= 0.65; R²= 0.70). The rice of Dendang variety was able to grow and optimally produce yield compared to IPB 4S under saline conditions. The addition of 300 mg solid silica nutrients was able to improve several morphophysiological characters and crop yield.
Isolation and Characterization of Cellulolytic Bacteria During Natural Fermentation of Sweet Orange Peel Waste (Citrus sinensis) La Ode Sumarlin; Farida Ariyanti; Megga Ratnasari Pikoli; Anna Muawanah; Meyliana Wulandari
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 2 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i2.23357

Abstract

Abstract Orange peel is one of organic waste which contains fibers, such as cellulose and hemicellulose utilized by cellulolytic microorganisms as growth media in the fermentation process. Cellulolytic microorganisms are widely used in many industries. This research will observe the profile of bacterial colonies, particularly cellulosic bacteria, during the fermentation of orange peels (Citrus sinensis). Fermentation was carried out during the research process; the bacteria were further isolated in Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) media. The fermentation process was performed for 14 weeks where sampling on the first week was done every day for five days (H0–H4), while sampling from the 2nd to 14th weeks were conducted once a week (M2–M14). The isolation process was carried out in a Nutrient Agar medium with spreading method by calculating the Total Plate Count (TPC) of bacterial colonies and observing the macroscopic morphology of bacterial colonies. Bacterial counts are expressed in Colony Forming Units (CFU)/mL or viable count/mL. The identification of bacterial genus was based on the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Bacterial isolation from the fermentation of sweet orange peel resulted in 20 isolates where 16 isolates were found to be cellulolytic bacteria through qualitative test in Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) agar plate. The hypothetic genus of 16 bacterial isolates were Eubacterium, Cellulomonas, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Planococcus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Azomonas, Flavobacterium, Cytophaga, and Jonesia. Isolate F15 (Cytophaga and Azomonas) was found to dominate the growth, while other isolates grew alternately with lesser frequency. Hypothetic genus of bacteria actively involved in the process were cellulolytic bacteria, allowing the liquid of fermentation products to be possibly used in the application.AbstrakKulit jeruk merupakan salah satu limbah organik yang mengandung serat seperti selulosa dan hemiselulosa yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh mikroorganisme selulolitik sebagai media pertumbuhan dalam proses fermentasi. Mikroorganisme selulolitik telah digunakan di banyak industri. Penelitian ini mengamati profil koloni bakteri selama proses fermentasi kulit jeruk terutama bakteri selulotik. Selama proses penelitian dilakukan proses fermentasi, lalu bakteri diisolasi menggunakan media Carboxyl Methyl Callulose (CMC). Proses fermentasi dilakukan selama 14 minggu dengan rincian sampling pada Minggu ke-1 dilakukan setiap hari selama 5 hari (H0–H4), sedangkan minggu ke-2 hingga 14 dilakukan setiap seminggu sekali (M2–M14). Proses isolasi dilakukan dalam medium Nutrient Agar dengan teknik sebar dengan perhitungan koloni Total Plate Count (TPC) dan pengamatan morfologi koloni bakteri secara makroskopis. Hasil perhitungan bakteri dinyatakan dalam Colony Forming Units (CFU)/mL atau viabel count/mL. Pendugaan genus bakteri berdasarkan Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Hasil isolasi bakteri dari fermentasi kulit jeruk manis adalah 20 isolat yang 16 di antaranya merupakan bakteri selulolitik melalui uji kualitatif pada media plat Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). Genus hipotetik bakteri dari 16 isolat adalah Eubacterium, Cellulomonas, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Planococcus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Azomonas, Flavobacterium, Cytophaga, dan Jonesia. Isolat F15 (Cytophaga dan Azomonas) mendominasi pertumbuhan, sedangkan isolat lain tumbuh berselang seling dengan frekuensi yang lebih kecil. Genus bakteri hipotetik yang terlibat aktif adalah bakteri selulolitik sehingga cairan hasil fermentasi dapat digunakan dalam aplikasi.
Soil Transmitted Helmint on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) From Plantation and Post-Irradiation Narti Fitriana; Nelly Suryani; Yani Indriyani; Priyanti Priyanti
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 2 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i2.24513

Abstract

AbstractSoil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) is a group of intestinal parasitic nematode worms that can infect humans. One of the transmissions to humans is consuming lettuce grown on soil media. This study aims to identify the types of intestinal parasitic nematodes found in lettuce and soil from plantations based in the Regency of Bogor, Cianjur, and Bandung and analyze the prevalence, intensity, and dominance categories before and after irradiation. The irradiation dose used was 5 kGy with a gamma irradiation source [60Co]. The descriptive method used in this study where the samples were collected from 9 sampling points at each study site. Identification showed that there were 3 types of intestinal parasitic nematodes found in lettuce, namely Ascaris lumbricoides (1,833 eggs), Strongyloides stercoralis (2 larvae), and Trichuris trichiura (91 eggs). The highest prevalence was found in A. lumbricoides (100%) which is classified %) classified as very severe contamination, very severe, and superinfection intensity of contamination criteria. The highest dominance of intestinal parasitic nematodes was found in A. lumbricoides. In the post-irradiated lettuce and soil samples was found eggs of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. The eggs of A. lumbricoides were the most common, 321 eggs were found in the post-irradiated lettuce, while 11 eggs of T. trichiura were found therein. Irradiation techniques can be used for the application of free-STH lettuce in the future, however, maintaining fresh food sanitation shall always be a priority preventive effort.AbstrakSoil Transmitted Helminth (STH) merupakan kelompok cacing nematoda parasit intestinalis yang dapat menginfeksi manusia. Salah satu transmisi kepada manusia adalah mengonsumsi selada yang ditanam pada media tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis cacing nematoda parasit intestinalis yang ditemukan pada selada dan tanah asal perkebunan di Kabupaten Bogor, Kabupaten Cianjur, dan Kabupaten Bandung serta menganalisis kategori prevalensi, intensitas, dan dominansinya sebelum dan pascairadiasi. Dosis iradiasi yang digunakan adalah 5 kGy dengan sumber iradiasi gamma [60Co].  Metode deskriptif digunakan pada penelitian ini, sampel dikoleksi dari 9 titik sampling pada setiap lokasi. Identifikasi menunjukkan terdapat 3 jenis cacing nematoda parasit intestinalis yang ditemukan pada selada yaitu Ascaris lumbricoides (1.833 telur), Strongyloides stercoralis (2 larva), dan Trichuris trichiura (91 telur). Prevalensi tertinggi ditemukan pada A. lumbricoides (100%) tergolong tingkat kontaminasi kategori selalu dengan kriteria kontaminasi sangat parah, intensitas kontaminasi kategori super infeksi. Dominansi cacing nematoda parasit intestinalis tertinggi ditemukan pada A. lumbricoides. Pada selada dan sampel tanah pasca iradiasi ditemukan telur A. lumbricoides dan T. trichiura. Telur A. lumbricoides merupakan yang terbanyak, pada selada pasca iradiasi ditemukan 321 sedangkan T. trichiura ditemukan 11. Teknik iradiasi dapat digunakan untuk aplikasi selada bersih dari STH di masa datang namun menjaga sanitasi pangan segar merupakan usaha preventif prioritas. 
Toksisitas Oral Akut Arthrospira maxima dan Chlorella vulgaris Isolat Glagah Pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Galur Wistar Laksmindra Fitria; Tika Candra Dewi; Kholidatus Silmi; Mulyati Mulyati; Rahadian Yudo Hartantyo; Slamet Widiyanto; Eko Agus Suyono
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 2 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i2.18716

Abstract

AbstrakArthrospira (Spirulina) dan Chlorella adalah mikroalga yang telah dikenal bermanfaat bagi kesehatan sehingga banyak dikembangkan sebagai produk suplemen makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari tingkat ketoksikan dan keamanan mengkonsumsi A. maxima dan C. vulgaris yang diisolasi dari perairan Pantai Glagah di Provinsi D.I. Yogyakarta menggunakan tikus Wistar sebagai model praklinis. Studi toksisitas merupakan langkah awal sebelum dilakukan eksplorasi potensi, pemanfaatan, dan pengolahan kedua mikroalga ini sebagai produk suplemen kesehatan. Prosedur uji toksisitas mengikuti Guideline OECD No. 420. Parameter yang diamati meliputi berat badan, profil hematologis, evaluasi fungsi hati (aktivitas ALT dan kadar bilirubin), serta fungsi ginjal (kadar kreatinin dan asam urat). Berdasarkan hasil, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian per oral A. maxima dan C. vulgaris hingga dosis 5.000 mg/kg bb tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda ketoksikan, ditunjukkan dengan nilai untuk sebagian besar variabel yang berada dalam kisaran normal. Fluktuasi nilai yang terjadi merupakan wujud dinamika fisiologis normal. Dalam penelitian ini kami mendapat temuan bahwa C. vulgaris menunjukkan potensi sebagai antianemia. Oleh karena studi toksisitas ini adalah dosis tunggal dan terbatas untuk periode akut, maka perlu dilanjutkan dengan studi toksisitas dosis berulang dan periode yang lebih panjang, selain untuk mempelajari ketoksikan dan keamanan juga untuk menggali potensinya.AbstractArthrospira (Spirulina) and Chlorella are microalgae that possess benefits for health, therefore they are Arthrospira (Spirulina) and Chlorella are microalgae that possess benefits for health, therefore they are developed as food supplement products. This study aimed to determine the toxicity and the safety of consuming A. maxima and C. vulgaris isolated from Glagah coastal water in D.I. Yogyakarta Province using Wistar rats as preclinical model. Toxicity study is the first step before exploring the potential, utilization and processing of these microalgae as health supplement products. Toxicity test procedure was performed following OECD Guideline No. 420. Parameters observed included: body weight, hematological profile, and evaluation of liver function (ALT activity and bilirubin level) and renal function (creatinine and uric acid levels). Based on the results, it is concluded that oral administration of A. maxima and C. vulgaris up to dose of 5,000 mg/kg bw demonstrated no signs of toxicity, indicated by values for most of variables were within normal range. Fluctuation in values were manifestation of normal physiological dynamic. In this study, we found that C. vulgaris could be an antianemia potential. Since this toxicity study was a single-dose and limited to acute period, it is suggested to continue with repeated-dose toxicity studies with longer periods to examine the toxicity and the safety of both species besides exploring their potential.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Amfibi (Ordo: Anura) di Desa Pasia Laweh, Pesisir Selatan, Sumatra Barat Yeni Gusma Yanti; Muhammad Nazri Janra; Djong Hon Tjong
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 2 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i2.19775

Abstract

AbstrakPenelitian mengenai keanekaragaman jenis amfibi (ordo: Anura) di Desa Pasia Laweh, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, Sumatra Barat ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis amfibi beserta indeks keanekaragamannya pada beberapa habitat yang diteliti. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Juni sampai Desember 2019 menggunakan metode survei dengan penangkapan secara aktif (visual encounter) di empat tipe habitat yaitu hutan primer, sekunder, sungai, permukiman, dan sawah, dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran morfometrik dan pendeskripsian jenis yang didapat. Hasil penelitian ini didapati 23 jenis amfibi dari enam famili, yaitu Ranidae (7 jenis), Bufonidae (4 jenis), Dicroglossidae (5 jenis), Microhylidae (3 jenis), Megophryidae (1 jenis), dan Rhacophoridae (3 jenis). Jenis Pulchrana debussyi dan Ingerophrynus claviger yang sangat sedikit catatan distribusinya juga teramati pada penelitian ini. Jenis P. debussyi, Rhacophorus nigropalmatus, dan R. reinwardtii dikoleksi dari lapangan pada fase berudu dan berhasil diidentifikasi setelah dipelihara sampai menjadi katak muda (froglet); ciri-ciri morfologi berudu dan froglet digambarkan di dalam tulisan ini. Indeks keanekaragaman jenis dari habitat-habitat amfibi yang ada di Desa Pasia Laweh mengindikasikan bahwa kawasan ini tergolong berkeaneragaman amfibi sedang.Abstract The study on the diversity of amphibian (order Anura) in Pasia Laweh Village, Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra aimed to obtain species inventory for this amphibian order as well as to reveal the diversity index at its habitats. The study was conducted from June to December 2019, using survey method where samples collected through night visual encounter technique in four habitat types; primary and secondary forest, rivers, habitation and paddy fields. Collected specimens were further measured for their morphometric parameters and taxonomically described. The study recorded 23 amphibian species classified into six families; Ranidae (7 species), Bufonidae (4 species), Dicroglossidae (5 species), Microhylidae (3 species), Megophryidae (1 species) and Rhacophoridae (3 species). Species with distribution-lacking records, namely Pulchrana debussyi and Ingerophrynus claviger, were also observed in this study. Moreover, Pulchrana debussyi, Rhacophorus nigropalmatus and R. reinwardtii were collected as tadpoles, which then reared into identifiable froglets; hence, the description on tadpoles and froglets are provided in this paper for the respective species. Diversity index from studied habitats in Pasia Laweh Village indicated that the area had moderate amphibian diversity.
Tipe Sarang dan Sebaran Jenis Rayap (Isoptera) di Hutan Kota dan Perkebunan Sawit Wilayah Jambi Asni Johari; Anggun Rabiatul Adawia; Tia Wulandari
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 2 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i2.16689

Abstract

AbstrakJenis sarang dan distribusi rayap di habitat alami dapat ditentukan oleh faktor lingkungan, salah satunya vegetasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis tipe sarang dan pola sebaran rayap di Hutan Kota dan perkebunan kelapa sawit di Provinsi Jambi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi habitat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di lokasi hutan kota ditemukan 79 koloni rayap dari 9 jenis dengan 4 tipe sarang, yaitu tipe gundukan, pohon, kayu mati, dan serasah. Jenis rayap yang ditemukan di hutan kota, yaitu Pericapritermes mohri, Termes rostratus, Microtermes sp., Odontotermes oblongatus, Hospitalitermes hospitalis, Longipeditermes longipes, Nasutitermes longinasus, Bulbitermes constrictoides, Prohamitermes sp. Di lokasi kawasan perkebunan kelapa sawit ditemukan 37 koloni rayap dari 7 jenis dengan 3 tipe sarang, yaitu tipe gundukan, pohon, dan kayu mati. Pola sebaran jenis rayap yang ditemukan di hutan kota mengelompok, seragam, dan pola penyebaran acak. Pola sebaran rayap di lokasi perkebunan kelapa sawit, hanya ditemukan tipe menyebar acak. Tipe sarang dan pola sebaran rayap lebih banyak ditemukan di lokasi yang tidak ditanami kelapa sawit. Rayap yang hidup di hutan kota dan perkebunan sawit bervariasi jenis dan tipe sarangnya.AbstractTypes of nests and distribution of termites in natural habitats can be determined by environmental factors, including vegetation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nest types and distribution patterns of termites in urban forests and oil palm plantations in Jambi Province. Data were collected using a purposive sampling method that was adapted to habitat conditions. The results showed that in the urban forest location, 79 termite colonies of 9 species were found with 4 types of nests, namely mounds, trees, dead wood and litter. The types of termites found in urban forests were Pericapritermes mohri, Termes rostratus, Microtermes sp., Odontotermes oblongatus, Hospitalitermes hospitalis, Longipeditermes longipes, Nasutitermes longinasus, Bulbitermes constrictoides, Prohamitermes sp. At the location of the oil palm plantation area, a total of 37 termite colonies of 7 species were found with 3 types of nests, namely mounds, trees, and dead wood. The distribution patterns of termites found in urban forests were clumped, uniform, and random. In oil palm plantation, the distribution pattern of termites found was only randomly distributed. Nest types and distribution patterns of termites were observed more common in locations with no oil plant plantation. To conclude, termites found in urban forest and oil palms plantation varied in species and nest type.

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