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INDONESIA
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
ISSN : 02156253     EISSN : 27146103     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
Refleksi (ISSN 0215 6253) is a journal published by the Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta. The Journal specializes in Qur'an and Hadith studies, Islamic Philosophy, and Religious studies, and is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject. This journal welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 763 Documents
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Ridda (Apostasy) and the Ambiguity of Islamic Legal Discourses Aini, Noryamin
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 1 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i1.44770

Abstract

The emergence of Islamic liberalism has often been perceived as a threat by those who consider themselves the primary guardians of Islam’s purity. This perception has led to a rise in religious fundamentalism, characterized by intolerance toward diverse interpretations of Islamic teachings. One of the most tragic cases related to this issue is the execution of Sudanese leader Mahmoud M. Thaha on January 18, 1985, by Nimeiri’s regime. Thaha was sentenced to death for his unorthodox views on naskh (abrogation) and mansūkh, which challenged the established Islamic doctrine. The concept of ridda (apostasy) has become increasingly contentious, particularly in light of human rights discourse. Historically, ridda laws have been used by fundamentalist groups as a means to suppress dissent. Classical jurists developed these laws within specific socio-political contexts, yet their interpretations have persisted. This paper argues that the traditional Islamic law of ridda is not only at odds with Qur’anic principles of religious freedom but also suffers from significant epistemological and methodological ambiguities. The reliance on Prophetic traditions and legal precedents is problematic due to inherent contradictions and contextual misinterpretations. This study critically examines the methodological foundations of ridda law and its implications for contemporary Islamic legal discourse.
Agama Sebagai Faktor Konflik dan Integrasi Ali, Muhamad
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 1 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i1.44772

Abstract

Religion plays a crucial role in shaping social and individual life, even in secular states. In societies with a strong religious presence, such as Indonesia, religious institutions, figures, and symbols influence social interactions and national identity. However, religion presents a paradox: while it promotes peace and social cohesion, it has also been a catalyst for conflict and violence. This dual nature of religion raises essential questions about the conditions under which religion fosters integration versus when it becomes a source of division. This paper explores the complex relationship between religion, conflict, and social integration. It examines historical and contemporary cases where religion has both united and divided communities, highlighting the socio-political and ideological factors involved. The study also considers potential strategies for reducing religious conflict and fostering peaceful coexistence in the future.
Melacak Akar Perang Suci: Perkembangan Ide Jihād dalam Tradisi Islam Ropi, Ismatu
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 1 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i1.44773

Abstract

This article examines Reuven Firestone’s book, Jihad: The Origin of Holy War in Islam (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), within the broader context of the historical and scholarly discourse on religious wars. The study of holy war as a religiously justified conflict remains relatively new in academic traditions, with early foundational works such as Julius Wellhausen’s Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel (1885) inspiring later research. Comparative studies on the Judeo-Christian tradition have been explored by scholars such as Susan Niditch, Roland Bainton, and James A. Brundage. Meanwhile, Western scholarly attention to religious war in Islam began in the early 20th century with works by Gardner (1912) and Stephen van Rensselaer Trowbridge (1913), followed by seminal studies such as Majid Khadduri’s War and Peace in the Law of Islam (1955) and Rudolph Peters’ Jihad in Mediaeval and Modern Islam (1977). The term "holy war" itself remains problematic, as its definition is contested and varies across different traditions. In the European context, it is often framed as a form of justification for war through religious legitimacy. Unlike conventional warfare, which is based on strategy, military strength, and tactical calculations, religious war often involves eschatological, metaphysical, and supernatural elements. Historical examples, such as the Battle of Badr, illustrate how religious narratives influence perceptions of divine intervention in warfare. The article also addresses the paradox of how religions, which fundamentally advocate order and morality, justify violence. Drawing on political, theological, and linguistic perspectives, it argues that religious war functions within a binary opposition framework, where good confronts evil and divine forces oppose satanic ones. Within this paradigm, material motivations become secondary to spiritual rewards, including divine favor and the promise of paradise. This study contributes to the ongoing debate on the ideological and theological dimensions of religious war, particularly in the Islamic tradition.
Agama dan Tantangan Sains Modern Bakhtiar, Amsal
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 1 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i1.44774

Abstract

Before discussing the role and challenges of religion in the era of science and technology, it is essential to examine the historical relationship between religion and science in human civilization. The evolution of human civilization has been shaped by the interplay of various values, including those of science and religion. Throughout history, new scientific discoveries have often sparked social upheaval, as societies struggle to reconcile novel findings with existing beliefs. This paper explores key historical moments of tension and adaptation between religion and science, from Greek philosophy and the Islamic Golden Age to the Renaissance and modern secularism. While scientific advancements have led to a secular worldview in the West, a resurgence of spirituality and religious movements is observed in contemporary times. The paper further discusses the potential for reconciliation between religion and science in the modern world.
Humanisme Freudian dan Pandangannya tentang Agama Sutrisno, Mudji
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 1 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i1.44775

Abstract

Freud’s psychoanalytic influence extends beyond psychology, significantly impacting philosophy by introducing a fundamental understanding of human nature, shaped by unconscious impulses. This paper explores Freud’s contributions to philosophy, particularly his perspectives on human nature and religion. By analyzing his theories, we aim to understand how his psychoanalytic framework redefined traditional views on religious belief and human existence.
Pemikiran Politik Ahmad Khan Hakim, Masykur
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 1 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i1.44776

Abstract

Ahmad Khan was a multifaceted figure, recognized as a reformer, thinker, educator, and politician. His religious reformist ideas sparked both praise and criticism within the Muslim community of India. While respected as an intellectual and educator, his views were often seen as controversial. Scholars such as Rajmohan Gandhi and Abdul Hayy Hasan an-Nawdiy acknowledged his intelligence and courage but questioned his depth of Islamic knowledge and personal religious observance. Despite these critiques, Ahmad Khan made significant contributions to political and Islamic thought in 19th-century India. While his reforms in religion, society, and education are well-documented, his political thought remains underexplored. This paper aims to shed light on his political ideas and role as a politician.
Di Balik Keyakinan: “Islam Fundamentalis” atau “Islam Neo-Modernis”? (Analisis Sosio-Historis Pemberitaan Majalah Tempo 1980-1994) Ridwan, M. Deden
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 2 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i2.44848

Abstract

This study explores how Tempo magazine reported on the Islamic “neo-fundamentalist” movement—specifically ḥarakah—and its positioning in relation to the discourse of “neo-modernist Islam” in Indonesia from 1980 to 1994. The latter movement, though not entirely synonymous, has later been associated with what is commonly referred to as “liberal Islam.” Tempo is considered to have had a significant influence in presenting and shaping these two intellectual currents through its journalistic coverage. By analyzing the magazine’s reporting, this study seeks to discern Tempo’s intellectual inclination between these two Islamic ideologies. The findings suggest that media outlets, to a certain extent, inherently possess and project an intellectual vision in their editorial stance.
Tasawuf dan Terapi Krisis Modernisme: Studi Kritis terhadap Pemikiran Seyyed Hossein Nasr Syamsuri, Syamsuri
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 2 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i2.44849

Abstract

This paper aims to explore Sufism as an alternative solution to the crisis of modernism, particularly in the spiritual domain. It also examines the model or form of Sufism proposed by Seyyed Hossein Nasr as a response to this crisis. By analyzing Nasr’s perspective, this study highlights how Sufism can serve as a counterbalance to the spiritual and existential dilemmas posed by modernity.
Islam Liberal dan Rasional: Kajian Atas Pemikiran Syed Ameer Ali Palawa, Alimuddin Hassan
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 2 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i2.44850

Abstract

This paper presents an overview of Syed Ameer Ali’s perspectives on the causes behind the rise and decline of classical Islamic civilization. It further examines several of his key liberal-rational ideas, focusing on three main topics: (i) polygamy in Islam, (ii) slavery in Islam, and (iii) eschatological life in Islam. To provide context, this study begins with a brief biographical account of Syed Ameer Ali before delving into his intellectual contributions.
Frithjof Schuon dan Filsafat Perenial Nasuhi, Hamid
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 2 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i2.44851

Abstract

The study of religion has evolved significantly over time, generally divided into two main approaches: normative and empirical. Theology and philosophy of religion belong to the normative category, while sociology of religion, psychology of religion, and history of religion fall under the empirical category. However, both approaches face criticism: the normative approach is often seen as overly dogmatic, while the empirical approach tends to reduce religion to a purely anthropological phenomenon. In response to these limitations, a new orientation in religious studies has emerged—one that seeks a more sympathetic understanding of different faiths. While phenomenology offers an approach to grasping religious experiences, it does not necessarily uncover the deeper unity underlying religious diversity. This is where perennial philosophy comes into play. One of the foremost scholars devoted to the perennialist approach in modern times is Frithjof Schuon. His works cover a wide range of religious traditions, from Christianity to Native American spirituality, from Islam to Japanese Shintoism. Unlike many Western scholars who focus primarily on the exoteric, empirical aspects of religion, Schuon begins with the esoteric essence of religious doctrines and symbols before examining their exoteric expressions. This method is evident in his three major works on Islam: Understanding Islam, Dimensions of Islam, and Islam and the Perennial Philosophy.

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