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Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
ISSN : 02156253     EISSN : 27146103     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
Refleksi (ISSN 0215 6253) is a journal published by the Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta. The Journal specializes in Qur'an and Hadith studies, Islamic Philosophy, and Religious studies, and is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject. This journal welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 763 Documents
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Al-Jarḥ Wa Al-Ta’dīl Salam, M. Isa H. A.
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 2 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i2.44852

Abstract

Throughout history, ḥadīth has undergone periods of falsification due to various factors such as political interests, racial discrimination, and ideological motives. During these times, the authentic sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) were mixed with fabricated statements from individuals driven by personal interests. This posed a significant threat to the integrity of Islamic teachings in matters of creed (ʿaqīdah), worship (ʿibādah), and social transactions (muʿāmalah), as ḥadīth is considered a fundamental source of Islamic law. In response, scholars undertook rigorous efforts to authenticate ḥadīth by establishing systematic methodologies to distinguish between authentic and weak reports. One of the primary methods developed was al-Jarḥ wa al-Taʿdīl, a critical science used to evaluate the reliability of ḥadīth narrators. Scholars analyzed the sanad (chain of transmission) and matan (text) of ḥadīth, ensuring that narrators were trustworthy and their transmission was continuous and accurate. Through Jarḥ wa Taʿdīl, scholars assessed the credibility of narrators and determined whether their narrations should be accepted or rejected. This paper discusses the definition, scope, historical development, and key works related to al-Jarḥ wa al-Taʿdīl, highlighting its crucial role in the authentication of ḥadīth.
Metodologi Periwayatan Hadis Maulana, Maulana
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 2 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i2.44854

Abstract

The ḥadīth of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) serves as the second primary source of Islamic teachings after the Qur’an. However, the transmission of ḥadīth differs significantly from that of the Qur’an. While all Qur’anic verses were transmitted through mutawātir (massively transmitted) chains, ḥadīth are classified into mutawātir and āḥād (solitary reports). Consequently, the Qur’an holds the status of qaṭʿī al-wurūd or qaṭʿī al-thubūt, meaning its authenticity is universally accepted. In contrast, ḥadīth, especially those classified as āḥād, require rigorous scrutiny to determine their authenticity. Thus, ḥadīth are generally regarded as ẓannī al-wurūd or ẓannī al-thubūt, indicating their authenticity is probabilistic rather than definitive. While the primary concern in Qur’anic studies is understanding and applying its teachings, the study of ḥadīth encompasses not only comprehension and implementation but also the examination of its transmission. This necessity led to the development of ʿIlm al-Dirāyah, a specialized discipline focused on the methodologies of ḥadīth transmission. This paper explores the methodologies of ḥadīth transmission, including the conditions for acceptance and narration, different methods and forms of transmission, and efforts in ḥadīth dissemination. It begins by defining and comparing al-riwāyah and al-shahādah, followed by a discussion on scholarly differences and the author’s analytical perspective.
Teori Konflik: Sebuah Review atas Pemikiran Jonathan H. Turner Fadhly-Hassan, Hasnim
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 3 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i3.44935

Abstract

As reflected in the title of his book, The Structure of Sociological Theory, Jonathan H. Turner explores the structure of sociological theories, categorizing them into five major perspectives: (1) functional theory, (2) conflict theory, (3) exchange theory, (4) interactionist theory, and (5) structuralist theory. Each of these perspectives has its own distinct sub-theories. This paper aims to review one of the perspectives discussed by Turner—conflict theory. Following Turner’s analytical structure, the review first examines the origins of conflict theory, which he traces back to Karl Marx, Georg Simmel, and Max Weber. The discussion then progresses to various perspectives within conflict theory, including Dahrendorf’s conflict theory, Coser’s functional conflict theory, and Collins’ exchange conflict theory. One of the most intriguing aspects of Turner’s approach is his effort to formulate theoretical propositions for each perspective. As he states in the introduction , a proposition is “a theoretical statement that specifies the connection between two or more variables.” These propositions, as formulated by Turner, have the potential to contribute significantly to theory building in sociological research.
Penggunaan Metode Etnografi dalam Penelitian Agama Tanggok, M. Ikhsan
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 3 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i3.44936

Abstract

This paper discusses ethnography, a qualitative research method commonly used in anthropological and social science studies to understand social phenomena in the field. One of the most notable American anthropologists who employed this method in studying Javanese religion was Clifford Geertz, along with his wife, Hildred Geertz. In the 1950s, Clifford Geertz conducted research in Mojokuto, East Java, leading to his well-known Santri-Abangan-Priyayi trichotomy, published in The Religion of Java (1960). Hildred Geertz, in the same period, studied Javanese family structures, resulting in her dissertation, later translated into Indonesian as Keluarga Jawa. Beyond Java, Clifford Geertz also conducted research in Bali, culminating in works such as Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali (1980) and his famous essay on Balinese cockfighting, Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight (1973). His symbolic anthropology approach is often compared to that of Victor Turner, another prominent scholar who focused on African ritual processes, best exemplified in The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure (1977). This paper explores the ethnographic method by discussing its definition, historical background, objectives, procedural framework, and key considerations for its application in religious studies and social research.
Teologi Pembebasan di Amerika Latin: Perspektif Sosiologi Marxis Hasan, Mohammad Nuh
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 3 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i3.44937

Abstract

Liberation Theology in Latin America emerges as a theological reflection shaped by a socio-political context characterized by oppression, economic disparity, and cultural alienation. This theological movement seeks three interrelated forms of liberation: first, liberation from economic, social, and political oppression; second, liberation from institutionalized violence and dehumanization; and third, spiritual liberation from sin, enabling communion with God and humanity. However, its application has sparked controversy due to its Marxist analytical approach, which promotes political revolution, justifies violence, and challenges ecclesiastical authority. Critics argue that this theological perspective aligns with atheistic, materialistic, radical, and anti-capitalist ideologies, positioning it in opposition to Western thought.
Rekontekstualisasi Tradisi Tafsir Al-Qur’an di Indonesia: Mencari Kemungkinan Penggunaan Analisis Metodologis “Barat” Kusmana, Kusmana
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 3 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i3.44938

Abstract

The effort to recontextualize Qur’anic exegesis in Indonesia—or in any other Muslim-populated region—using Western methodological approaches necessitates situating it within the broader development of Western religious studies. Over the past century, Western scholarship on religion has been dominated by historical, comparative, and phenomenological approaches, often influenced by empirical positivism and shaped by the colonial backdrop of Western scholars. This background has led to a research paradigm that positions Western culture as superior to the cultures being studied. Historically, Qur’anic studies in Indonesia have been rooted in the Islamic scholarly tradition of the Middle East, with minimal Western influence until the late 20th century. This can be attributed to Indonesia’s early exposure to Islam and its strong scholarly connections with Middle Eastern institutions. Consequently, Indonesian exegetical traditions have followed textualist approaches similar to those in the Middle East, often focusing on the text itself while overlooking the interpreter and contextual dimensions. The influence of Western scholarship on Indonesian Qur’anic studies remains limited to academic circles, with Indonesian scholars predominantly consuming rather than critically engaging with Western works. Responses to Western methodologies vary: some scholars cautiously integrate Western research, others embrace it as neutral and applicable to Islamic studies, while some advocate for a convergence of Islamic and Western epistemologies. The challenge remains in balancing academic rigor with theological commitments to foster a more dynamic and globally engaged tradition of Qur’anic exegesis in Indonesia.
Pengaruh Waḥdat Al-Wujūd dalam Pemikiran Islam di Nusantara Noer, Kautsar Azhari
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 3 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i3.44939

Abstract

Among the great mystics in history, Ibn al-‘Arabi (560-683/1165-1240) stands out as one of the most influential. His mystical ideas, particularly the doctrine of Waḥdat al-Wujūd (Unity of Being), spread throughout the Islamic world and left a profound impact on Sufi philosophy. This paper explores the influence of Waḥdat al-Wujūd on Islamic thought in the Nusantara region. It examines the historical development of this doctrine, identifies key Sufi scholars who embraced and disseminated it, and analyzes the factors that facilitated or hindered its acceptance. Additionally, this study considers the future trajectory of Waḥdat al-Wujūd in Nusantara, assessing its relevance in contemporary Islamic discourse.
Agama dan Multikulturalisme: Belajar dari Pengalaman Australia Nurdin, M. Amin
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 3 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i3.44940

Abstract

For more than three decades, immigrants from Asia, Africa, and Latin America have settled in liberal democratic countries in Europe and North America, raising questions about cultural differences and the integration of these communities into dominant cultural and political systems. Australia, as a liberal democracy and an immigrant nation, has also faced challenges in managing religious and ethnic diversity. This paper explores the relationship between religion and multiculturalism in Australia, examining government policies on social integration and cultural preservation for immigrant communities. With a particular focus on the Muslim minority—comprising over 300,000 individuals from 67 countries—this study analyzes Australia’s response to diversity through the ideologies of assimilation and multiculturalism. By learning from Australia's experience, this paper offers insights into the broader discourse on multiculturalism, identity, and religious pluralism in democratic societies.
Aborsi dalam Perspektif Agama-agama Samawi Rohmatin, Tien
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 3 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i3.44941

Abstract

This paper discusses abortion, the reasons behind its practice, and the perspectives of the Abrahamic religions on this issue. Fundamentally, all Abrahamic faiths prohibit abortion, viewing it as an inhumane act that destroys and terminates the life of a fetus, a potential human being that deserves respect and protection, even if conceived under unlawful circumstances. However, abortion is permitted in cases where the mother’s life is at risk. If pregnancy endangers the mother’s survival, abortion is allowed, and no legal or religious punishment is applied. Therefore, abortion cannot be legalized without compelling justification, as its legalization could encourage extramarital sexual relations.
Pemikiran Politik Islam: Suatu Pengantar Awal Nugraha, Agus
Refleksi: Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat Vol. 4 No. 3 (2002): Refleksi
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ref.v4i3.44942

Abstract

History has recorded that during the medieval period, for approximately seven centuries, Islam flourished as a dominant global civilization, excelling in various fields of knowledge. Prominent Muslim scholars contributed significantly to diverse disciplines, such as Ibn Sina in medicine, al-Khwarizmi in mathematics, Ibn Khaldun in sociology, and Jabir ibn Hayyan in chemistry. Likewise, in the field of political thought, figures such as al-Farabi, al-Mawardi, al-Ghazali, and Ibn Taymiyyah made substantial contributions. During the reign of Caliph Harun al-Rashid (786–809 CE), Baghdad became the center of scientific study and the intellectual hub of the world. However, following the decline of the Islamic Caliphate and the rise of Western dominance, the influence of Muslim thinkers in global intellectual discourse significantly diminished, with Western thought becoming the primary reference in various fields. Given this historical shift, revisiting Islamic political thought is crucial for rediscovering the intellectual legacy established by early Muslim scholars. This paper does not aim to provide an in-depth analysis of Islamic political thought but rather to offer an introductory overview of its rich intellectual tradition.

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