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Influence of Biodiesel Waste Cooking Oil on Produce Hydrocarbon Fraction by Catalytic Cracking Waste Polystyrene and its Application in Gasoline Engine Juwono, Hendro; Elliyanti, Ardita; Pamungkas, Firman Satria; Assari, Anas; Dermawan, Ahmad Hawky; Nurfitriyah, Arifah
ALCHEMY Vol 7, No 2 (2019): ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/al.v7i2.8546

Liquid fuel from polystyrene waste and waste cooking oil biodiesel was successfully obtained through catalytic cracking using Al-MCM-41/Ceramic. The structure, morphology, acidity, and porosity of the catalyst were studied by SEM-EDX, pyridine FTIR, and N2 gas adsorption-desorption. The products of catalytic cracking were analyzed using gas chromatogram-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The highest yield was obtained at feedstock variations of 57% (P): 43% (M) with the number of hydrocarbon fractions ( C7) is 0.48%, hydrocarbon fraction (C8 - C12) is 20.99%, and hydrocarbon fraction ( C12) is 78.53% in the cracking time 1 hours. Physical characteristics were reported in the form of density, flash point, and caloric value respective. The performance of liquid fuels with commercial fuels, Premium (RON 88), and additives of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) comparisons of 225 (mL): 750 (mL): 18.25 (mL) respectively produce thermal efficiency on engine use gasoline generator sets was 28.22% at the load of 2118 Watts. Based on this research, all variations of feedstock produce liquid fuels that are in accordance with SNI 06-3506-1994 concerning the quality of gasoline fuel types.Â Keywords: Catalytic cracking, polystyrene waste, waste cooking oil, liquid fuel

Analisis Kuat Tarik dan Elongasi Film Gelatin – Khitosan Abdul Wafi; Lukman Atmaja; Yatim Lailun Ni’mah
ALCHEMY:Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 1 (2020): ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Gelatin and chitosan have been widely used in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, textiles, cosmetics, food processings, and others. Gelatin has different mechanical properties compared to chitosan, especially its tensile strength and elongation. In this study, gelatin (Ge) was obtained commercially, while chitosan (Ch) was obtained from the skin of windu shrimp via deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation of chitin into chitosan. The results of this study indicated that the degree of deacetylation of chitosan was 52.06%. Afterward, various films including Ge, Ch, Ge 4%-Ch 1.5%, Ge 4%-Ch 3%, Ge 4%-Ch 4% were prepared by the casting method. The film of Ge 4%-Ch 4% exhibited the best tensile strength and elongation with values of 0.6 MPa and 21.53%, respectively. Gelatin dan kitosan merupakan biopolimer alam yang selama ini banyak digunakan di berbagai industri seperti farmasi, tekstil, kosmetik, pengolahan pangan dan lain sebagainya. Gelatin memiliki sifat mekanik yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan kitosan terutama kuat tarik dan elongasinya. Pada penelitian ini, gelatin (Ge) diperoleh secara komersial, sedangkan kitosan (Ch) diperoleh dari kulit udang windu melalui proses deproteinasi, demineralisasi, dan deasetilasi kitin menjadi kitosan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan derajat deasetilasi kitosan sebesar 52,06%. Selanjutnya, dilakukan proses pembuatan film Ge, Ch, Ge 4%-Ch 1,5%; Ge 4%-Ch 3%, Ge 4%-Ch 4% dengan menggunakan metode casting. Film Ge 4%-Ch 4% memiliki kuat tarik dan elongasi yang paling baik yaitu 0,6 MPa dan 21,53%, berturut-turut.

Profil FTIR Minyak Ikan dan Lemak Babi serta Perbandingannya sebagai Dasar Penentuan Autentifikasi Halal Dewi Sinta Megawati; Begum Fauziyah; Siti Maimunah; Abdul Wafi
ALCHEMY:Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 1 (2020): ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Research has been conducted on the determination of tuna oil and lard spectra using FTIR. This research aims to determine the IR spectra profile of lard and tuna oil and to compare both spectra profiles. Profile and comparison of lard and tuna oil IR spectra useful to determine whether an ingredient or a product contaminated with lard. The fatty acid profile of lard by FTIR analysis showed a significant difference in the absorption patterns of the spectra, especially at 3010-3000, 1680- 1600, and 968-966 cm-1 wavenumbers which represented the different composition and type of fatty acids in the lard and tuna oil. The absorption patterns at 3007 and 1653 cm-1 regions (double bond C=C cis) for tuna oil showed relatively high peaks if it is compared to lard samples because of the percentage of MUFA fatty acids (oleic acid) in tuna oil was much higher. Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai penentuan spektra minyak ikan tuna dan lemak babi dengan menggunakan FTIR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil spektra IR dari lemak babi dan minyak ikan tuna serta membandingkan kedua profil spektranya. Profil dan perbandingan spektra IR lemak babi dan minyak ikan tuna dapat digunakan sebagai dasar penentuan apakah suatu bahan atau produk terkontaminasi lemak babi. Profil asam lemak babi hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang cukup signifikan pada pola-pola penyerapan spektra, khususnya pada bilangan gelombang 3010-3000, 1680-1600 dan 968-966 cm-1 yang merepresentasikan perbedaan komposisi dan jenis asam lemak pada sampel lemak babi dan minyak ikan tuna. Pola serapan pada bilangan gelombang 3007 dan 1653 cm-1 (ikatan rangkap C=C cis) untuk sampel minyak ikan tuna menunjukkan puncak yang relatif tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan sampel lemak babi karena persentase asam lemak MUFA (asam oleat) pada minyak ikan tuna jauh lebih tinggi.

Potential Use of Compounds from Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica Juss) as PPARg and ERa Inhibitors to Control Breast Cancer Cell Growth In Silico Model Supriyanto Supriyanto; Muhaimin Rifa'i; Yunianta Yunianta; Simon Bambang Widjanarko
ALCHEMY:Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 1 (2020): ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Treatment using herbs is currently growing rapidly. Compounds in herbal plants can cure various degenerative diseases. The study aims to analyze the potency of nimbin, deacetylnimbin, salanin, and deacetylsalanin compounds in the neem leaves extract to inhibit target proteins namely PPARg and ERa. PPARg is the main regulator of the function of adipose tissue microvascular endothelial cells (aMVECs) while ERa is a protein that mediates all estrogen effects and it is important in the growth of prostate and breast cancer. Inhibition of ERa can prevent the proliferation and growth of breast cancer cells by affecting the performance of estrogen which binds to hormonal receptors and causes inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation. The results of in silico analysis show that deacetylnimbin can inhibit ERa protein. The docking analysis shows that deacetylnimbin has the potential to replace tamoxifen as a breast cancer drug. The other studies such in vitro and in vivo are needed to validate in silico study.

Potential Use of Compounds from Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica Juss) as PPARg and ERa Inhibitors to Control Breast Cancer Cell Growth In Silico Model Supriyanto, Supriyanto; Rifa'i, Muhaimin; Yunianta, Yunianta; Widjanarko, Simon Bambang
ALCHEMY Vol 8, No 1 (2020): ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Treatment using herbs is currently growing rapidly. Compounds in herbal plants can cure various degenerative diseases. The study aims to analyze the potency of nimbin, deacetylnimbin, salanin, and deacetylsalanin compounds in the neem leaves extract to inhibit target proteins namely PPARg and ERa. PPARg is the main regulator of the function of adipose tissue microvascular endothelial cells (aMVECs) while ERa is a protein that mediates all estrogen effects and it is important in the growth of prostate and breast cancer. Inhibition of ERa can prevent the proliferation and growth of breast cancer cells by affecting the performance of estrogen which binds to hormonal receptors and causes inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation. The results of in silico analysis show that deacetylnimbin can inhibit ERa protein. The docking analysis shows that deacetylnimbin has the potential to replace tamoxifen as a breast cancer drug. The other studies such in vitro and in vivo are needed to validate in silico study.

Aktivitas Antioksidan Isolat Steroid Hasil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dari Fraksi n-Heksana Hydrilla verticillata Ahmad Ghanaim Fasya; Bagas Purwantoro; Lulu'atul Hamidatu Ulya; Mujahidin Ahmad
ALCHEMY:Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 1 (2020): ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Hydrilla verticillata is one of Allah SWT creations that potential as an antioxidant. This study’s objectives were to determine antioxidant activity and identify steroid isolates of n-hexane fraction of H. verticillata. The steroid compounds were extracted using methanol solvent. The methanol extract was hydrolyzed with HCl 2 N and partitioned using n-hexane. The n-hexane fraction was tested phytochemically and separated using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The steroids compounds were identified using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, and LC-MS/MS. The result showed that maceration extraction produced 5.14% yield, whereas n-hexane fraction produce 47.95% yield. Steroid separation through analytical TLC revealed that n-hexane: ethyl acetate (4:1) as the best eluant with 12 spots, while separation using preparative TLC yielded 19 spots. Steroid isolate from TLC preparative has antioxidant activity with EC50 of 5.109 ppm. Identification of steroid compounds using UV-Vis produced maximum wavelengths at 203.9 and 276 nm, while using FTIR indicated the presence of O-H group, geminal dimethyl, C=O, C=C, secondary C-OH, and =C-H (alkene) which might contain steroid compounds. The result of LC-MS/MS showed the presence of β-sitosterol. Hydrilla verticillata merupakan salah satu ciptaan Allah SWT yang memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan mengidentifikasi senyawa steroid pada isolat hasil pemisahan fraksi n-heksana H. verticillata. Senyawa steroid diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak pekat metanol dihidrolisis dengan HCl 2 N dan dipartisi dengan n-heksana. Fraksi n-heksana hasil partisi diuji fitokimia dan dipisahkan senyawanya menggunakan KLT (Kromatografi Lapis Tipis). Identifikasi dilakukan menggunakan UV-Vis, FTIR, dan LC-MS/MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstraksi maserasi menghasilkan rendemen 5,14%, sedangkan rendemen partisi n-heksana sebesar 47,95%. Pemisahan steroid menggunakan KLT analitik menunjukkan bahwa variasi eluen terbaik adalah n-heksana: etil asetat (4:1) dengan 12 noda, sedangkan pemisahan KLT preparatif menghasilkan 19 noda. Isolat steroid hasil KLT preparatif memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan EC50 5,109 ppm. Identifikasi senyawa steroid menggunakan UV-Vis menunjukkan bahwa panjang gelombang maksimum sebesar 203,9 dan 276 nm, sedangkan untuk identifikasi isolat steroid menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan gugus fungsi O-H, geminal dimetil, C=O, C=C, C-OH sekunder dan =C-H (alkena) yang diduga merupakan senyawa steroid. Hasil LC-MS/MS menunjukkan adanya senyawa steroid β-sitosterol.

Aktivitas Antioksidan Isolat Steroid Hasil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dari Fraksi n-Heksana Hydrilla verticillata Fasya, Ahmad Ghanaim; Purwantoro, Bagas; Ulya, Lulu'atul Hamidatu; Ahmad, Mujahidin
ALCHEMY Vol 8, No 1 (2020): ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Â Hydrilla verticillata is one of Allah SWT creations that potential as an antioxidant. This studyâ€™s objectives were to determine antioxidant activity and identify steroid isolates of n-hexane fraction of H. verticillata. The steroid compounds were extracted using methanol solvent. The methanol extract was hydrolyzed with HCl 2 N and partitioned using n-hexane. The n-hexane fraction was tested phytochemically and separated using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The steroids compounds were identified using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, and LC-MS/MS. The result showed that maceration extraction produced 5.14% yield, whereas n-hexane fraction produce 47.95% yield. Steroid separation through analytical TLC revealed that n-hexane: ethyl acetate (4:1) as the best eluant with 12 spots, while separation using preparative TLC yielded 19 spots. Steroid isolate from TLC preparative has antioxidant activity with EC50 of 5.109 ppm. Identification of steroid compounds using UV-Vis produced maximum wavelengths at 203.9 and 276 nm, while using FTIR indicated the presence of O-H group, geminal dimethyl, C=O, C=C, secondary C-OH, and =C-H (alkene) which might contain steroid compounds. The result of LC-MS/MS showed the presence of Î²-sitosterol.Â Hydrilla verticillata merupakan salah satu ciptaan Allah SWT yang memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan mengidentifikasi senyawa steroid pada isolat hasil pemisahan fraksi n-heksana H. verticillata. Senyawa steroid diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak pekat metanol dihidrolisis dengan HCl 2 N dan dipartisi dengan n-heksana. Fraksi n-heksana hasil partisi diuji fitokimia dan dipisahkan senyawanya menggunakan KLT (Kromatografi Lapis Tipis). Identifikasi dilakukan menggunakan UV-Vis, FTIR, dan LC-MS/MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstraksi maserasi menghasilkan rendemen 5,14%, sedangkan rendemen partisi n-heksana sebesar 47,95%. Pemisahan steroid menggunakan KLT analitik menunjukkan bahwa variasi eluen terbaik adalah n-heksana: etil asetat (4:1) dengan 12 noda, sedangkan pemisahan KLT preparatif menghasilkan 19 noda. Isolat steroid hasil KLT preparatif memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan EC50 5,109 ppm. Identifikasi senyawa steroid menggunakan UV-Vis menunjukkan bahwa panjang gelombang maksimum sebesar 203,9 dan 276 nm, sedangkan untuk identifikasi isolat steroid menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan gugus fungsi O-H, geminal dimetil, C=O, C=C, C-OH sekunder dan =C-H (alkena) yang diduga merupakan senyawa steroid. Hasil LC-MS/MS menunjukkan adanya senyawa steroid Î²-sitosterol.Â Â Â

Variasi Komposisi Eluen pada Isolasi Steroid dan Triterpenoid Alga Merah Eucheuma cottonii dengan Kromatografi Kolom Basah Armeida Dwi Ridhowati Madjid; Dwi Anik Rahmawati; Ahmad Ghanaim Fasya
ALCHEMY:Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 1 (2020): ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/al.v8i1.10040

Steroid and triterpenoid compounds in petroleum ether fractions of red algae Eucheuma cottonii were isolated by slurry column chromatography. Isolation was started with maceration extraction using methanol solvent. The methanol extract was hydrolyzed with HCl 2 N and partitioned using petroleum ether solvent. The presence of steroid and triterpenoid was determined by phytochemical test using Lieberman Burchard reagent. Petroleum ether fraction was separated by slurry column chromatography with the variation of eluent composition n-hexane: ethyl acetate 16:4; 17:3; 18:2. The isolates were monitored by analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and the best result was identified using FTIR. Percent yields of methanol extract and petroleum ether fraction were 11.866% and 8.03%, respectively. The optimum eluent composition in column chromatography for separation was n-hexane : ethyl acetate (18:2) obtained 2 steroid and 3 triterpenoid fractions. FTIR analysis gives information about functional groups of –OH, C=C, C-O, CH2, -C(CH3)2forsteroids and functional groups of –OH, C=O, C=C, CH2, -C(CH3)2 for triterpenoid.Keywords: Eucheuma cottonii, column chromatography, steroid, triterpenoid, variation of eluent composition Senyawa steroid dan triterpenoid dalam fraksi petroleum eter alga merah Eucheuma cottonii telah diisolasi menggunakan kromatografi kolom basah. Isolasi dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak pekat metanol dihidrolisis dengan HCl 2 N dan dipartisi menggunakan pelarut petroleum eter. Senyawa steroid dan triterpenoid diuji fitokimia menggunakan reagen Lieberman Burchard. Fraksi petroleum eter dipisahkan menggunakan kromatografi kolom basah variasi komposisi eluen n-heksana:etil asetat dengan perbandingan 16:4; 17:3; dan 18:2. Hasil isolasi dimonitoring menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) analitik. Hasil monitoring yang terbaik diidentifikasi gugus fungsinya menggunakan FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen ekstrak metanol dan fraksi petroleum eter masing-masing sebesar 11,866% dan 8,03%. Pemisahan kolom dengan variasi komposisi eluen n-heksana:etil asetat terbaik adalah 18:2 dengan diperoleh 2 kelompok fraksi steroid dan 3 kelompok fraksi triterpenoid. Hasil analisis FTIR pada isolat steroid memberikan informasi gugus –OH, C=C, C-O, CH2, -C(CH3)2, sedangkan isolat triterpenoid memberikan informasi gugus –OH, C=O, C=C, CH2,-C(CH3)2. Gugus gem dimetil (-C(CH3)2)merupakan ciri khas rantai samping steroid ataupun triterpenoid.Kata kunci: Eucheuma cottonii, kromatografi kolom, steroid, triterpenoid, variasi komposisi eluen

Sintesis Senyawa Vanilil Metil Keton dan Uji Aktivitas Antiinflamasi terhadap Enzim COX-1 dan COX-2 melalui Analisis In Silico Khoirotul Ummah; Robby Gus Mahardika; Ana Mardliyah
ALCHEMY:Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 2 (2020): ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/al.v8i2.10863

This study reports the synthesis of vanillyl methyl ketone from eugenol through Wacker oxidation and anti-inflammatory activity test toward COX-1 and COX-2 through in silico analysis. Wacker oxidation process was catalyzed by PdCl2 and CuCl2 using DMF solvent under the aerobic condition at room temperature for 48 hours. The product of the synthesis was purified by column chromatography and was characterized by NMR, IR, and MS spectroscopy. Characterization by spectroscopic methods showed that vanillyl methyl ketone was formed with a yield of 45% and vanillin (3%) was produced as a by-product. The anti-inflammatory activity of vanillyl methyl ketone was carried out by molecular docking toward COX-1 and COX-2 obtained from PDB. The analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory activity and selectivity toward COX-2 of vanillyl methyl ketone was higher than eugenol. This was shown by the low binding energy affinity and the number of hydrogen bonds formed between the vanillyl methyl ketone and the active site of the enzyme. Keywords: eugenol, Wacker, vanillyl methyl ketone, antiinflammatory, in silico Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis senyawa vanilil metil keton dari eugenol melalui oksidasi Wacker serta dilakukan uji aktivitas antiinflamasi terhadap enzim COX-1 dan COX-2 melalui analisis in silico. Proses oksidasi Wacker dikatalisis oleh PdCl2 dan CuCl2 menggunakan pelarut DMF dalam kondisi aerob pada suhu ruang selama 48 jam. Senyawa hasil sintesis dipisahkan menggunakan kolom kromatografi dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektroskopi NMR, IR dan MS. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa senyawa vanilil metil keton telah terbentuk dengan randemen sebanyak 45% dan juga dihasilkan senyawa vanillin (3%) sebagai produk samping. Aktivitas antiinflamasi senyawa vanilil metil keton dilakukan dengan docking molekuler terhadap enzim COX-1 dan COX-2 yang diperoleh dari PDB. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antiinflamasi dan selektivitas terhadap COX-2 pada senyawa vanilil metil keton lebih tinggi dibandingkan eugenol. Hal ini ditunjukkan melalui rendahnya afinitas energi pengikatan dan banyaknya ikatan hidrogen yang terbentuk antara vanilil metil keton dengan sisi aktif enzim. Kata kunci : eugenol, Wacker, vanilil metil keton, antiinflamasi, in silico

Ekstraksi Zat Warna Alami dari Kayu Bakau (Rhizophora mucronata) dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction Yuniati, Yuyun; Cahyani, Maulidya D.; Novidayasa, Ifra; Prihatini, Pantjawarni; Mahfud, Mahfud
ALCHEMY Vol 9, No 1 (2021): ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/al.v9i1.11038

Dyes are widely used for various manufacturing processes. However, the high use of synthetic dyes has resulted in pollution and health problems. To overcome this problem, one way that can be done is to return to using natural dyes. Natural dyes can be obtained from various plants, one of which is the Indonesian mangrove plant (Rhizophora mucronata). This research has succeeded in extracting natural dyestuffs from mangrove bark using the microwave-assisted extraction method. Mangrove wood extraction was carried out with solvents, namely distilled water and ethanol 96%, which was optimized based on the ratio of sample mass to volume of solvent and extraction power. The results showed that qualitatively the mangrove extract contained tannins, flavonoids, and quinones as compounds that gave chocolate color. The color resistance of mangrove extracts is very strong in textiles under alkaline conditions. Based on the results of extraction optimization, the optimum conditions were obtained at a ratio of 0.067 g/mL of 96% ethanol at 380 watts of power, with a yield percentage reaching 53.053%.Â Keywords: extraction, mangrove wood, microwaveÂ Zat warna banyak digunakan untuk berbagai proses manufaktur. Namun, tingginya penggunaan zat pewarna sintetis mengakibatkan pencemaran dan masalah kesehatan. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah kembali menggunakan zat warna alami. Zat pewarna alami dapat diperoleh dari berbagai tumbuhan, salah satunya tanaman bakau Indonesia (Rhizophora mucronata). Penelitian ini telah berhasil melakukan ekstraksi zat warna alami kulit kayu bakau dengan metode microwave-assisted extraction. Ekstraksi kayu bakau dilakukan dengan pelarut yaitu akuades dan etanol 96% yang dioptimasi berdasarkan rasio massa sampelâ€“volume pelarut dan daya ekstraksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara kualitatif ekstrak kayu bakau mengandung tanin, flavonoid, dan kuinon sebagai senyawa pemberi warna coklat. Ketahanan warna ekstrak kayu bakau sangat kuat pada bahan tekstil pada kondisi basa. Berdasarkan hasil optimasi ekstraksi, kondisi optimum didapatkan pada rasio massa sampel-volum pelarut sebesar 0,067 g/mL dan daya sebesar 380 Watt sehingga diperoleh persentase yield mencapai 53,053%.Â Kata kunci: ekstraksi, kayu bakau, microwave

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Armeida Dwi Ridhowati Madjid

Contact Email
armeida@uin-malang.ac.id

Phone
+6281233402334

Journal Mail Official
alchemy@uin-malang.ac.id

Editorial Address
Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Gedung BJ Habibie Lt 2 Jl. Gajayana 50 Malang 65144 Indonesia

Location
Kota malang,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Armeida Dwi Ridhowati Madjid

Contact Email armeida@uin-malang.ac.id

Phone +6281233402334

Journal Mail Official alchemy@uin-malang.ac.id

Editorial Address Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Gedung BJ Habibie Lt 2 Jl. Gajayana 50 Malang 65144 Indonesia

Location Kota malang, Jawa timur INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Armeida Dwi Ridhowati Madjid

Contact Email
armeida@uin-malang.ac.id

Phone
+6281233402334

Journal Mail Official
alchemy@uin-malang.ac.id

Editorial Address
Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Gedung BJ Habibie Lt 2 Jl. Gajayana 50 Malang 65144 Indonesia

Location
Kota malang,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA