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Insignia: Journal of International Relations
Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
ISSN : 20891962     EISSN : 25979868     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Art,
Arts Humanities
Insignia Journal of International Relations is published biannually (April & November) by Laboratorium of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University. This journal contains articles or publications from all issues of International Relations such as: International Politics, Foreign Policy, Security Studies, International Political Economy, Transnational Studies, Area Studies & Non-traditional Issues.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 206 Documents
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U.S. Economic Diplomacy towards Japan in Resolving Beef Tariff Barriers Andrea Gladys Gabriella; Shanti Darmastuti; Wiwiek Rukmi Dwi Astuti
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.6852

Abstract

The United States (US) is one of beef exporting countries in Japan. The high level of demand for beef in Japan was followed by a decrease in the volume of US beef from Japan during 2017-2020 period caused by import barriers in the form of tariffs faced by US beef. These tariff barriers arise because the US does not have a trade agreement with Japan. This study aims to discuss the efforts made by the US through negotiating tariff barriers with Japan regarding beef exports. This study uses the concepts of economic diplomacy and trade theory as the basis for research analysis. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collection through documentation study. The results of this study indicate that the US effort in negotiating tariff barriers with Japan is to form a bilateral trade agreement, namely the US-Japan Trade Agreement (USJTA) which uses the stages of decision-making in economic diplomacy in its formation. Through this effort, the US successfully lowered its beef import tariffs in Japan and leveled its beef competitive level with the CPTPP member countries. In the formation of the USJTA, various actors are involved, both state and non-state actors. Efforts to negotiate tariff barriers on beef exports by the US and Japan succeeded in increasing US beef exports after the establishment of the USJTA began to be implemented on January 1, 2020. Keywords: economic diplomacy, export, tariff barriers, United States
The ILO's Role in Fulfilling Garment Workers' Rights through the BWB II Program After the Rana Plaza Collapse Heren Budi Mulia Kusmawan; Resa Rasyidah
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.7155

Abstract

The collapse of the Rana Plaza building in Bangladesh on April 24, 2013, was recorded as the worst industrial accident ever. This accident killed at least 1,132 and injured more than 2,500. This incident made the world aware of the poor working conditions in Bangladesh's garment industry sector. In addition, many workers do not even get their working rights, so there are actions or demonstrations carried out by workers, demanding their rights. The demonstration even received support from activists or outsiders???. Bangladesh is a developing country with the second largest textile exporter after China. Bangladesh's garment industry accounts for about 80 percent of the total revenue in the country's manufacturing sector. This study discusses the role of the International Labor Organizations (ILO) in fulfilling the rights of garment workers through the Better Work Bangladesh (BWB) program after the collapse of Rana Plaza. To explain this case, the author uses the role theory of international organizations by Kelly Kate S. Pease. According to Pease, state problems can be solved with the help of external parties by acting as problem solvers, collective art mechanisms, capacity builders, and aid providers. Research shows that the ILO has an effective role in fulfilling the rights of Bangladeshi garment workers through the Better Work Bangladesh Phase II Program, in creating better or more prosperous labor conditions by cooperating with several internal and external parties. Keywords: Better Work Bangladesh (BWB), labor, garment, ILO
Humanitarian Action of United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) in Jayapura During the Covid-19 Pandemic Claudia Conchita Renyoet; Made Selly Dwi Suryanti; M Zaenul Muttaqin
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.7375

Abstract

The issue of humanitarianism in international relations is a vital topic to probe deeper. Activist groups, individuals, and institutionalized groups or organizations, such as the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), have been carrying out humanitarian actions in Papua. UNICEF has been around for a long time in Papua, running several programs, including children's education program in Papua. However, education in Papua remains relatively low due to high rates of illiteracy and school dropouts, and poor literacy. This research explains that international organizations working in the humanitarian field can carry out the basic principles of humanitarianism, specifically, how UNICEF's programs adhere to these principles during the Covid-19 era. Direct interviews and secondary data collection were conducted in this qualitative descriptive research. The results show that UNICEF, as an international humanitarian organization, managed to uphold four basic principles in carrying out its role, particularly in improving the quality of education in Jayapura City. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has posed such obstacles to UNICEF related to donors, program implementation, and personnel that the practiced humanitarian principles became blurred and somewhat questionable. While the best practice promotes faithful adherence to the basic principles of humanity, it is undeniable that almost all organizations cannot exist without assistance from third parties which would ignore the principle of impartiality. Keywords: Covid-19, education, humanitarianism, Jayapura, UNICEF
Analyzing the Rationality of Ethiopia in Dealing with China’s Support in Infrastructure Development Ahda Ayudia Hairisa; Muhammad Farid
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.7493

Abstract

This article analyzes the rationality of Ethiopia in cooperating with China in restoring the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway project using rational choice theory in foreign policy making. Despite having several alternative ports and other parties to support the project, Ethiopia has chosen the fund from China to support its railway project. The similarity between China and Ethiopia regarding political values is one of the factors in choosing China to work with. The Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) seems to be unapproachable by Western political values that are influenced by the internal condition of the state and tend to emphasize democracy. Therefore, it tends to work with China. Other than that, depending on Djibouti’s port as the most viable seaport in the region to access the sea as a landlocked country has driven Ethiopia to restore the railway as quickly as possible. By considering the Chinese loan system, which did not have many qualifications to lend money, Ethiopia could quickly restore the railway and not miss out on the opportunity to grow its trade through developing its infrastructure. Keywords: African infrastructure development, China’s loan, China in Africa, rational choice
The Disposal of Indonesian Crew Members of Long Xing 629 Vessel in the Pacific Ocean Juana Clarentine Emmanuela Greevince De Lucas; Axel Adam Mahendra; Audrey Nethania Wibowo; Galvin Hapsari Putri; Randhi Satria
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.7659

Abstract

Modern slavery in fishing industries is still a problem in maritime-based countries such as Indonesia. One of the recent cases is the disposal of Indonesian crew members in the Pacific Ocean by China fishing vessel Long Xing 629 in 2020. As a result, Indonesian crew members once again become modern slavery victims in the fishing industry. This article analyzes how Indonesian crew members became the victims of modern slavery in Long Xing 629. This paper will use descriptive qualitative research within the data collected from books, journals, articles, and news. In addition, the Eleven Categories of Forced Labor by ILO and Modern Slavery Theory by Andrew Crane will use to help analyze the case. The research shows that Indonesian crew members of Long Xing 629 become the victims of modern slavery due to their socio-economic conditions, such as poverty and low education. This condition is also supported by weak state regulation, such as weak government protection and lack of government attention, which conditions tend to lure and trap them in modern slavery. This paper believes that it will contribute to the modern slavery study in the fishing industry research field to help reduce and resolve a similar case in the future. Keywords: Indonesian ship crew, Long Xing 629, modern slavery
Caught Between Great Powers: Oman’s Neutrality in the Saudi-Iran Rivalry Maulana Ammar Auliaur Rahman
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.7792

Abstract

This article aims to explain the reason for Oman’s neutrality policy amid Saudi-Iran growing tension in the region. The neutral stance from Oman raised some questions about their position as a part of the members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) that, if following the logic of consequences, should take sides with Saudi, and put pressure on Iran due to Saudi presence in the group. Oman always promotes peace and tends to avoid confrontation when facing Saudi-Iran rivalry. By implementing explanative methods and a constructivism paradigm based on norms as a tool of analysis, and supported with secondary data, this article found out that Oman’s neutrality decision in the Saudi-Iran rivalry is largely being influenced by their domestic norms, that is Ibadism, that made them capable to avoid conflict in the region, in this case, the Saudi-Iran rivalry. Ibadism also drives them to always promote peace in the region, because this teaching is based on four main ideas, namely tolerance, just rule, acceptance of the other, and peaceful compromises. In the end, this domestic norm influenced Oman’s decision-maker’s conception of the importance of preserving stability in the region. This then becomes an important explanation about why Oman breaks with their fellow GCC members that tend to support Saudi in the rivalry with Iran and decided to follow neutrality as their main policy. Keywords: domestic norms, Ibadism, neutrality, Oman, Saudi-Iran rivalry
Handling Child Labor Problems in Indonesia: Post PROMOTE-ILO Project Anggita Wulansari; Taufik Taufik; Alif Oktavian
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.7901

Abstract

The practice of child labor is included in the form of violations of human rights so that it requires special attention and is handled seriously. The ILO as an international organization with a focus on child labor issues in the world certainly plays an important role in dealing with phenomena related to child labor, not only on a global scale but also on a national scale of its member countries, including Indonesia. This article aims to find out how the role of the ILO in dealing with the problem of child labor in Indonesia (2017-2021) uses Clive Archer's theory of the role of international organizations as an analytical tool. The method used is a qualitative method and is explained through descriptive analysis. The results of this study explain that in dealing with child labor in Indonesia, the ILO has acted as an instrument, an arena, and an actor. Through these three roles, the ILO has been able to carry out its role quite effectively so that the practice of child labor in Indonesia can be minimized. Keywords: child labor, Indonesia, International Labor Organization (ILO), the role of international organizations
Identitas Kolektif pada Kerja Sama Kontra-Terorisme dalam Kerangka ASEAN Political-Security Community Rachmat, Angga Nurdin
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 7 No 2 (2020): November 2020
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2020.7.2.2690

Abstract

ASEAN as a regional organization is currently in an effort to develop cooperation in the form of the ASEAN Community. The formation of the ASEAN Community is based on three pillars, where one of the pillars is the political-security pillar (ASEAN Political-Security Community / APSC) who faces the most dynamic challenges related to security issues in the Southeast Asia. This security issue certainly has an influence on interactions both among intra-regional states and with extra-regional states. This paper aims to analysis the challenges and opportunities faced by the ASEAN political-security community to strengthen cooperation in dealing with security issues in the Southeast Asian. This paper is based on a constructivism analysis of the formation of a security community. This paper will get an overview of the challenges and opportunities faced in the realization of cooperation to tackle security issues in the Southeast Asia region within the framework of the APSC. The description of these challenges and opportunities can be the basis for analyzing what strategies must be done to encourage the realization of the APSC in accordance with what is expected by the members states.
The Perplexing Bilateral Relations between Two Koreas: Finding Peace in Korean Reunification Through Critical Theory's Perspective Rahmawati, Dea
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 2 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.2.8645

Abstract

Despite being formerly homogeneous in terms of history, culture, language, and nation, the separation of the Korean people has led to significant contrasts in political, economic, and cultural aspects between South Korea and North Korea. Conflict resulting from these differences eventually leads to war. However, since World War II, the two Koreas have been seeking reunification in three different ways: "reunification through war," "reunification through revolution," and "peaceful reunification." These Three Concepts of Korean Reunification was driven by the distortion of the term peace. This research employed a case study method to analyze a specific historical event to gain a comprehensive understanding of peace related to the three different concepts of Korean Reunification. Peace is essential for the realization of the reunification of separated nations. The Korean reunification program is affected by the research finding that given their common ethnicity, culture, familial ties, economic complementarity, international diplomacy, humanitarian concerns, and nuclear disarmament, the reunification process between North and South Korea has the possibility for peaceful reconciliation. However, a distorted understanding of peace has created challenges in Korea Reunificationwhere peace was built on mutual distrust and fear, making achieving a positive and sustainable peace exceedingly difficult, and meaningful reunification has yet to occur. Keywords: bilateral, Critical Theory, East Asia, Korean Reunification, peace concepts
The Impact of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the Economic Sector in Indonesia Susanto, Fathima Aulia Vasya; Paksi, Arie Kusuma
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 2 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.2.8838

Abstract

This research discusses the impact of Russia's invasion of Ukraine on the Indonesian economy, focusing on the energy sector. Amidst the increasing complexity of global geopolitical issues, international events such as Russia's invasion of Ukraine have significant global consequences, even for countries not directly involved in the conflict. This study is grounded in the theory of the political economy of war, serving as the analytical framework to understand how these dynamics affect Indonesia's economic sector. As a direct consequence of the invasion, the global energy sector distribution has been disrupted. Nations that previously imported energy from Russia must now seek alternative sources to meet their energy needs. Indonesia, being one of the world's largest producers of non-oil and gas energy, emerges as a primary choice of alternative energy export source. The research findings indicate a substantial increase in the export of non-oil and gas energy from Indonesia, which, in turn, has a positive impact on the growth of the country's economic sector. The research employs a descriptive-qualitative approach, collecting data from literature reviews and online research to complement secondary data. The results of this study offer insights into how changes in global geopolitical dynamics can affect a country's economy, even when not directly involved in such events. Indonesia, for instance, has seized the opportunity to boost its non-oil and gas energy exports, thereby influencing the growth of a specific economic sector in the country. This research provides valuable contributions to understanding the interplay between geopolitical events and the global economy. Keywords: economic, Indonesia, invasion, Russia, Ukraine

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