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Insignia: Journal of International Relations
Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
ISSN : 20891962     EISSN : 25979868     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Art,
Arts Humanities
Insignia Journal of International Relations is published biannually (April & November) by Laboratorium of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University. This journal contains articles or publications from all issues of International Relations such as: International Politics, Foreign Policy, Security Studies, International Political Economy, Transnational Studies, Area Studies & Non-traditional Issues.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 206 Documents
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BRICS as New Alternatives in Reforming International Financial Institutions and Economic Partnerships Aleksia, Casandra; Bakhtiar, Arief Rizky
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 2 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.2.9135

Abstract

The article aims to examine the role of the combined economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) in reforming the international financial institutions and economic partnerships. BRICS offers new values and serves as alternatives for both its current and prospective members in having an equal access to source international investments.. The arguments revolve around BRICS’ strategies to create an effective development program that not only revolves around their own growth agendas. In addition, BRICS have greater goals on establishing global trade relations and economic partnerships through the New Development Bank (NDB) and Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) among many others. The discussion also focuses on other several key research areas related to BRICS’ efforts in promoting economic partnerships and the overall impacts of the partnerships. By emphasizing the shared interests of developing nations and emerging markets, giving high-quality economic and trade development priority, promoting true multilateralism, and highlighting opportunities in emerging fields to contribute more to an open global economy, this paper offers recommendations for BRICS’ future development. This study uses qualitative method to achieve the objectives of this study. The most fundamental characteristic of qualitative research is seeing the problems studied from the perspective of the subjects studied. Keywords: BRICS, economic cooperation, financial institution, partnership
Australia’s Pacific Step-Up Foreign Policy as a Response to the Increase of China’s Influence in the Pacific Wulandari, Meinita Hasya Eka; Saragih, Hendra Maujana
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 2 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.2.9246

Abstract

The Pacific region has become highly geopolitical due to its economic, strategic, and military significance. Pacific Island countries face several challenges that they are striving to address because many Pacific Island nations have limited resources in terms of finances and skilled human resources, lack of access to technology, capacity building, and economic development, on the other side is prone to natural disasters such as cyclones, tsunamis, and earthquakes, also face challenges in providing adequate healthcare and education services, and are especially vulnerable to climate change whose impact may vary. The issue then becomes the reason for regional and global powers like Australia and China to exercise their capability and aim to fulfill their respective national interests to extent their influence in the region through their foreign policy. Influence pertains to a country’s ability to affect other nations' or international entities' decisions, actions, and behaviors. This research uses qualitative methods and foreign policy theory to address the issue further. In this research, Australia emphasizes its foreign policy to the Pacific using The Pacific Step-Up programme to pursue their interest as a long-standing partner and its neighborhood’s guardians and counter China’s growing presence and influence in the region. Keywords: Australia, China, foreign policy, Pacific
Analysis of the Australian Government’s Security Strategy in Countering the Potential Threat of Terrorism Groups Through Cyber Terrorism Instruments Cantika, Suci; Umniyah, Annisa
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 2 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.2.9376

Abstract

This paper discusses the strategies adopted by Australia in dealing with and overcoming the violent acts of Cyber Terrorism. Since the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 in the United States, countries in the world have assumed the existence of terrorist groups as a global threat. Globalization has enabled the terrorist groups to transform conventional media in the cyber world into the infamous cyber terrorism which they use as a propaganda instrument for recruitment, providing logistics, training, forming paramilitaries, planning, carrying out attacks, hiding, and funding. This paper discussed the concept Australian national security which has developed beyond military. The concept of security according to the non-traditional approach is emphasized on the security interests of non-state actors (non-state actors). The present research used descriptive qualitative research, employing literature review or library research for data collection. The results found that the Australian government remains vigilant against cyberterrorism through law enforcement and international cooperation. The Australian government has stipulated the Criminal Code Act 1995 part 5.3 to fight against the acts of terrorism. In addition, to increase domestic skills in cyberspace, The Australian government also establish Australia's Cyber Security, through which the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) founded Joint Cyber Security Centres (JCSCs), AustCyber, the Australian Cyber Security Growth Network, and the Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre. and. Australia is also committed to supporting and maintaining international mechanisms that promote stability and to working with partners on a voluntary basis to prevent and respond to threats, including cyber terrorism. Keywords: Australia, cyber terrorism, national security
Two-Level Game Analysis on US Decision to Withdraw from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Mahendra, Yusril Ihza; Safira, Radina; Muhidin, Sitti Navisah
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 2 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.2.9386

Abstract

This study analyzes the reasons behind the U.S. withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) in 2017. Using descriptive methods and Two-level Game theory as an analytical tool supported by secondary data, we found some domestic factors driving this policy. First, different preferences existed between the government as the “chief negotiator” and interest groups and public opinion representing domestic interests. Two-level game theory explains that international agreement can only be ratified if the win-set negotiations are in overlapping conditions or where international and domestic preferences find a meeting point. However, no common ground between international and domestic preferences resulted in a deadlock. Second, the U.S. public strongly resisted the agreement. Public opinion and hearings are factors that, to some extent, can become obstacles for national governments in international negotiations. Ratification is not only carried out through a formal process (legislative approval) but also through an informal process (public opinion and approval). In addition, the election of Donald Trump, who carried protectionist values with his “America First” slogan, strengthened the position of the opposing groups and those who embraced protectionist values. Therefore, the election of Trump as the president marked the end of the TPP debate because both the executive as the “chief negotiator” and the dominant domestic group rejected the ratification. Keywords: Trans-Pacific Partnership, Two-Level Game Theory, United States
Rethinking Indonesia's Response to the Sino-U.S. Competition through the Lens of Constructivism Naqsabandiyah, Ayu Heryati
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 2 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.2.9495

Abstract

The emergence of China as a major power in the world has provoked turmoil among countries, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. This situation was then responded to by the Western major powers, especially the United States and the United Kingdom, which carried out various maneuvers to counter China. Facing this situation, Indonesia has consistently conducted a middle-ground policy by not siding with one of the conflicting parties. Some scholars name this policy as a hedging strategy. Notwithstanding, existing research limits the explanations of the economic and security factors influencing Indonesia's position while overlooking non-material aspects. Against this background, this article seeks to fill this gap by analyzing Indonesia’s policy using the constructivist approach and explanatory qualitative research method. This research found three ideational aspects that shape the Indonesian government in issuing foreign policies related to major power competition in the Asia-Pacific, namely principles, values, and state identity. The concerned values and principles highlight that Indonesia adheres to Pancasila and “free and active” foreign policy principles which are primarily influenced by past colonialization and the struggle for independence. Meanwhile, identity refers to the international situation in which Indonesia has been exercising a vital role as the leader of global south countries. Keywords: China, constructivism, hedging strategy, Indonesia, the United States
“Greening” the National Growth: How Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) Collaborates with Indonesia in 2014-2020 Rudiany, Novita Putri; Yesandi, Keista Puti
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 10 No 2 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.2.9707

Abstract

With its natural richness, Indonesia is not immune from environmental, economic, and social problems. Indonesia remains facing the problem of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental degradation resulting from economic activities caused by business-as-usual (BaU) activities. Therefore, Indonesia has developed a framework for a green growth program for national economic development with the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) since 2014. GGGI is an international organization that is specifically concerned about green growth at the global level. The Green Growth Concept was agreed upon at the 2005 Asia Pacific ministerial meetings in Seoul, South Korea. Indonesia also ratified the agreements to implement this green growth concept at the national level. This research elaborates on how GGGI, as a global actor, collaborates with Indonesia to develop the green growth framework. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method with secondary data collection through literature, which will discuss GGGI's efforts to help implement the green growth program in Indonesia in 2014-2020. The case study is analyzed through the Management Approach, Normative Approach, and Enforcement Approach approaches. Through these three approaches, GGGI has succeeded in assisting Indonesia in implementing green growth in Indonesia in 2014-2020. Some of the programs that have been achieved include the eCBA program, the development of Special Economic Zones (KEK), and the implementation of the legal regulations in force in Indonesia. Keywords: enforcement approach, Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), Green Growth program, management approach, normative approach
The Outlook of Brazilian Amazon Forest Restoration under The Leadership of President Lula da Silva Numadi, Katong Ragawi
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 11 No 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2024.11.1.9853

Abstract

The implementation of anti-environmental policies during the conservative government under President Jair Bolsonaro has resulted in the destruction of the Brazilian Amazon forest region. The deforestation rate, which had previously decreased, started to climb significantly in 2019. The devastating forest fires that hit the Amazon at the end of this year is indivisible from the government's neglect. The re-election of Lula da Silva as President of Brazil in 2023 sparked great optimism among the Brazilians and international public for restoring Brazilian Amazon forestbecause Lula, as Brazil president for two previous periods, had succeeded in reducing the deforestation and destruction of the Brazilian Amazon forest to its lowest point in 2003-2011. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the vision of restoring the Brazilian Amazon forest under the new government of Lula da Silva. This study uses a qualitative method that relies on various information originating from government documents, related books and journals, online news reports, and several other types of secondary data. Based on the initial research, Lula has carried out multiple programs related to Amazon Forest restoration, from initiating sustainable economic development to strengthening law enforcement, protecting indigenous communities, and strengthening cooperation with the international community. As a result, the level of deforestation and forest fires in the Amazon has now followed a significant downward trend. Keywords: Amazon, Brazil, Lula da Silva
Indonesia's Opportunities and Challenges in IK-CEPA: Bilateral Free Trade Agreement with South Korea Maulidita, Salismi Zulfi; Darmanto, Darmanto
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 11 No 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2024.11.1.9926

Abstract

The IK-CEPA was officially implemented in 2023 as a commitment between Indonesia and South Korea to cooperate in marketing and fulfil commodity needs, aiming for better and more sustainable economic development. This paper seeks to investigate the opportunities and challenges faced by Indonesia in implementing the IK-CEPA. The comparative method is applied to analyze the secondary data sourced from official publications on bilateral agreements between the two countries, and statistical data on investment, trade, and the country’s trade balance. A comparative data analysis was conducted by comparing the IK-CEPA with the previously implemented free trade agreement (FTA) in Indonesia with similar values, namely the IA-CEPA. In this paper, the IA-CEPA serves as a crucial point of comparison from which analytical results concerning the potential opportunities or challenges of the IK-CEPA were derived, focusing on several indicators like foreign direct investment (FDI) flow, trade value, and trade balance. The results show that Indonesia has the opportunity to: (1) increase the FDI value; (2) increase trade values with South Korea; and (3) improve the trade balance with South Korea to achieve a surplus. Two challenges for Indonesia in this endeavor include failure to achieve a trade balance surplus and the need for maximum utilization of the IK-CEPA by the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Keywords: bilateral cooperation, comparative analysis, free trade agreement, IK-CEPA
Indonesia Diplomacy in Protecting the Rights of Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers in Malaysia (2017-2022) Novia, Hana; Djelantik, Sukawarsini
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 11 No 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2024.11.1.10087

Abstract

This research aims to discuss the diplomatic efforts made by the Indonesian government to protect Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) in the domestic sector in Malaysia, where the majority of PMI are undocumented. In this case, the Indonesian Embassy in Kuala Lumpur is the representative of the Republic of Indonesia in Malaysia, which provides services and protection for Indonesian Citizens (Indonesian citizens) who stay in Malaysia, including human rights and migrant worker rights that every worker must have. This research will use qualitative methods with data collection techniques from observation, interviews, participation, and literature study originating from books, journals, articles, official reports, and online news. This research implements the track one diplomacy, negotiations, and international migration concept. The findings of this study show that the Indonesian government is making diplomatic efforts with Malaysia to provide maximum protection for PMI in the domestic sector of Malaysia. One of the ways the government provides PMI protection is through lengthy negotiations with Malaysia, which eventually resulted in a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers in Malaysia in April 2022. Keywords: Track One Diplomacy, Indonesian Migrant Workers, Protection of Human Rights, Workers Rights
Strategic Hedging in ASEAN: A Response to the Rise of (Beijing and) Washington Santoso, Yulida Nuraini
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 11 No 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2024.11.1.10606

Abstract

This article problematizes three predominant narratives surrounding the behavior of ASEAN member states and the rivalry between Beijing and Washington in the context of ASEAN’s political security. This qualitative research is developed through a mixed assessment of documents, archive, and literature reviews combined with behavioral and contextual observations. Firstly, it questions the narrative of the ‘assertiveness’ of China as a rising power. With close trading relations dating back to the first dynasties, this Paper argues that the notion of China’s assertiveness and aggression is misplaced. As a key regional trade partner, China was never a threat to ASEAN countries. This narrative developed with the growing interest of the United States to contain the region from China over the years. As such, there lies a gap in the literature, which leads to the singling out of narratives that better explain the holistic relation between ASEAN states and China. Secondly, this article surfaces the lack of consistent commitment of the US to the Asia Pacific (also referred to as the ‘Asia Pivot’), other than to signify its interest in aggressively preventing China from dominating the Indo-Pacific. In this sense, the US’ behavior is viewed less as a great power but more as a greatly reactive one. Lastly, hedging is analyzed here as a necessary response to the dynamics of the Indo-Pacific arena and not a manner of indecisiveness among member states, often claimed as ‘small states’ in the face of the rivalry taking place in its backyard. Keywords: ASEAN, assertiveness, China, hedging, strategy

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