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Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 24075825     EISSN : 24075825     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v30i2.20890
Core Subject : Humanities,
Humanities
The journal publishes writings on (1) historiography, (2) philosophy of history, (3) history of education, and (4) history educaiton. Historiography means the writing of history based on the critical examination of sources, the selection of particular details from the authentic materials in those sources, and the synthesis of those details into a narrative that stands the test of critical examination. Historiography studies cover chronologically various themes, such as local history, social history, cultural history, economic history, political history, military history, intellectual history, environmental history, and other historical studies. Philosophy of history, the study either of the historical process and its development or of the methods used by historians to understand their material. History of education is a study of the past that focuses on educational issues. These include education systems, institutions, theories, themes and other related phenomena in the past. History education includes studies of how history teaches in school or society, curriculum, educational values in events, figures, and historical heritage, media and sources of historical learning, history teachers, and studies of textbooks.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 20 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA" : 20 Documents clear
Optimizing the Use of History Textbook through Brain-Based Learning Fauzi, Wildan Insan; Santosa, Ayi Budi; Tarunasena, Tarunasena
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v29i2.15729

Abstract

This research was conducted based on the researchers' assumption to low optimal use of history textbook in school. Such ineffective condition was indicated from functioning book only as a resource material for examination. Even, the existence of the book tends to be a burden either for the teachers and the students. Therefore, brain-based learning can be an alternative to optimize the textbook to improve students’ historical thinking and understanding. To achieve this goal, inquiry naturalistic model proposed by Licoln and Guba (1985) was employed in history learning in one SMA in Bandung. Data were collected through observing, tracing and witnessing to historical learning by implementing brain-based learning approach carried out in the classroom. The analysis results revealed that this model brings several impacts, namely: (1) Students are not familiar to express their emotions during their history learning. However, applying cognitive and emotion aspects of the students may help them remember historical facts more easily, (2) the use of cognitive and emotional learning system also facilitates the students to improve their ability in identifying and classifying the facts from the textbook, (3) students still find difficulties in associating one fact to the others, and (4) generally, this model affects students’ historical understanding which is indicated from their ability to comprehend the history subject well, to obtain valuable life values, to figure out historical figures, social conflicts, and to understand social changes in the society. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan asumsi peneliti terhadap rendahnya penggunaan optimal buku teks sejarah di sekolah. Bahkan, keberadaan buku cenderung menjadi beban baik bagi guru maupun siswa. Oleh karena itu, brain-based learning  dapat menjadi alternatif untuk mengoptimalkan buku teks untuk meningkatkan pemikiran dan pemahaman historis siswa. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, model naturalistik inkuiri yang diajukan oleh Licoln dan Guba (1985) digunakan dalam pembelajaran sejarah di satu SMA di Bandung. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan, penelusuran, dan saksikan pembelajaran sejarah dengan menerapkan pendekatan brain-based learning yang dilakukan di kelas. Hasil analisis mengungkapkan bahwa model ini membawa beberapa dampak, yaitu: (1) Siswa tidak terbiasa mengekspresikan emosi mereka selama pembelajaran sejarah mereka. Namun, menerapkan aspek kognitif dan emosi siswa dapat membantu mereka mengingat fakta sejarah lebih mudah, (2) penggunaan sistem pembelajaran kognitif dan emosional juga memfasilitasi siswa untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mereka dalam mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasikan fakta dari buku teks, (3) siswa masih menemukan kesulitan dalam mengaitkan satu fakta dengan yang lain, dan (4) umumnya, model ini mempengaruhi pemahaman historis siswa yang ditunjukkan dari kemampuan mereka untuk memahami subjek sejarah dengan baik, untuk mendapatkan nilai-nilai kehidupan yang berharga, untuk mencari tahu tokoh-tokoh sejarah , konflik sosial, dan untuk memahami perubahan sosial di masyarakat. 
National Heroes in Indonesian History Text Book Pramono, Suwito Eko; Ahmad, Tsabit Azinar; Wijayati, Putri Agus
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v29i2.16217

Abstract

History education has an essential role in building the character of society. One of the advantages of learning history in terms of value inculcation is the existence of a hero who is made a role model. Historical figures become best practices in the internalization of values. However, the study of heroism and efforts to instill it in history learning has not been done much. Therefore, researchers are interested in reviewing the values of bravery and internalization in education. Through textbook studies and curriculum analysis, researchers can collect data about national heroes in the context of learning. The results showed that not all national heroes were included in textbooks. Besides, not all the heroes mentioned in the book are specifically reviewed. There are only a few heroes that are specifically reviewed because they have links to basic competencies in the 2013 curriculum. The most popular heroes in the history textbook are (1) Pattimura, (2) Diponegoro, (3) Sukarno, (4) Mohammad Hatta, (5) Hamengkubuwono IX. This hero is mostly reviewed for KD class XI numbers 3.2, 3.6, and 3.9. National heroes have curricular relevance, which has now been integrated into history learning. This study analyzed the position of national heroes in the compulsory Indonesian History learning curriculum at the high school level. Pendidikan sejarah memiliki peran penting dalam membangun karakter masyarakat. Salah satu keuntungan dari belajar sejarah dalam hal penanaman nilai adalah keberadaan pahlawan yang dijadikan panutan. Tokoh sejarah menjadi praktik terbaik dalam internalisasi nilai. Namun, studi tentang kepahlawanan dan upaya menanamkannya dalam pembelajaran sejarah belum banyak dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, peneliti tertarik untuk meninjau nilai-nilai keberanian dan internalisasi dalam pendidikan. Melalui studi buku teks dan analisis kurikulum, peneliti dapat mengumpulkan data tentang pahlawan nasional dalam konteks pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua pahlawan nasional dimasukkan dalam buku teks. Selain itu, tidak semua pahlawan yang disebutkan dalam buku ini ditinjau secara khusus. Hanya ada beberapa pahlawan yang secara khusus ditinjau karena mereka memiliki kaitan ke kompetensi dasar dalam kurikulum 2013. Pahlawan paling populer dari dua buku yang dianalisis, yaitu (1) Pattimura, (2) Diponegoro, (3) Sukarno, (4) Mohammad Hatta, (5) Hamengkubuwono IX. Pahlawan ini sebagian besar relevan untuk KD kelas XI nomor 3.2, 3.6, dan 3.9. Pahlawan nasional memiliki relevansi kurikuler, yang sekarang telah diintegrasikan ke dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Penelitian ini menganalisis posisi pahlawan nasional dalam kurikulum pembelajaran Sejarah Indonesia wajib di tingkat sekolah menengah. 
Defining Arabism: the Contestation of Arab Identity in the Hadrami Community in Betawi Syarif, Fajar
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v29i2.17717

Abstract

This study of defining Arabism aims to analyze Arab identity in the hadrami community in Betawi. Arab identity in the hadrami community in Betawi could be seen in the use of the marriage title, and their respect for the ‘alawiyyin community. The hadrami community in Betawi made religion a distinctive feature of Arab identity, thus causing conflict between the hadrami community in defining Arabism. The problem in this study is events that occurred in the past, thus materials such as archives, books, journals, and newspapers related to the theme were used as sources in this study. The analysis of this study uses the hermeneutic phenomenology method in order to obtain a reconstruction of the history of Arabism that is close to the truth. This study provides the conclusion that identity is a source of conflict, resulting contestation in the hadrami community in Betawi. Kajian tentang mendefinisikan arabisme ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis identitas Arab pada komunitas hadrami di Betawi. Identitas Arab pada komunitas hadrami di Betawi dapat dilihat pada pemakaian gelar pernikahan, dan penghormatan mereka terhadap kelompok ‘alawiyyin. Komunitas hadrami di Betawi menjadikan agama sebagai bahan dari identitas Arab, sehingga menyebabkan konflik diantara komunitas hadrami untuk mendefinisikan arabisme pada identitas Arab tersebut. Masalah pada penelitian ini adalah segala peristiwa yang telah terjadi di masa lampau, maka bahan-bahan seperti arsip, buku, jurnal, dan surat kabar yang terkait dengan tema digunakan sebagai sumber dalam penelitian ini. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan metode fenomenologi hermeneutik agar dapat diperoleh rekonstruksi sejarah arabisme yang mendekati dengan kebenaran. Penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa identitas adalah sumber konflik sehingga menimbulkan kontestasi pada komunitas hadrami di Betawi. 
The Development of 21st Century Cultural Intelligence through Discovery Learning and First-Person Historical Presentation Vinco, Michael Silvester Mitchel; Supriatna, Nana; Mulyana, Agus
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v29i2.16216

Abstract

The research was conducted during history learning activity in Year 11 Social 3 (Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial 3) Santo Fransiskus Asisi Senior High School (a school with Catholic characteristic) on April-June 2018. In some opportunities, this research also included Mujahidin Senior High School (a school with Islamic characteristic). This research used action research methodology with Kemmis & Taggart model. The analysis of data used constructivism learning theories and symbolic interaction theories. This research discusses about various cultural stereotypes which are thriving in West Kalimantan, especially Pontianak. Obstacles in social interaction because of stereotypes among various cultural groups are one of challenges in 21st century that is related to cultural intelligence. First-person historical presentation as one of history education methods is developed in this research. Students involved in this research would be enriched in not only their knowledge, but also their empathy toward various cultural groups. So, this learning is successful in growing students’ cultural intelligence, as can be seen their empathic attitudes and accepting the difference among those various groups. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pembelajaran sejarah di kelas 11 Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) 3 SMA Santo Fransiskus Asisi Pontianak (sekolah berciri khas Katolik), pada bulan April-Juni 2018. Pada beberapa kesempatan penelitian ini juga melibatkan SMA Mujahidin Pontianak (sekolah berciri khas Islam). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan dengan model Kemmis & Taggart. Analisis data menggunakan teori-teori pembelajaran konstruktivis dan teori interaksi simbolis. Penelitian ini membahas berbagai stereotipe kebudayaan yang berkembang di Kalimantan Barat, khususnya di Kota Pontianak. Hambatan-hambatan di dalam pergaulan sosial karena stereotipe antara berbagai kelompok kebudayaan merupakan salah satu tantangan di abad ke-21 yaitu berkaitan dengan kecerdasan budaya. First-person historical presentation sebagai salah satu metode pendidikan sejarah dikembangkan di dalam penelitian ini. Peserta didik yang terlibat di dalam pendekatan ini akan diperkaya tidak hanya pengetahuan mereka, tetapi juga empati mereka terhadap berbagai kelompok kebudayaan. Dengan demikian pembelajaran ini berhasil menumbuhkan kecerdasan budaya peserta didik. Seperti tampak pada sikap-sikap berempati dan menerima perbedaan di antara beragam kelompok tersebut. 
From Railroad to Highway: Shifting Use of Land Transportation System in the Northern Coast of Central Java Hartatik, Endah Sri
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v29i2.21005

Abstract

The development of land transportation facilities both trains and highway in the end of 19th and 20th century was closely related to the production plantation crops. Historical method was used in writing this article. Documentation was done by searching information related to road accidents. Documents would be traced in Jakarta National Archives, Jakarta National Library, Press Monument in Surakarta, Central Bureau of Statistics Central Java, several libraries in Yogyakarta. In early 20th century, trains became a main transportation system because they might transport plantation crops in large quantities before drove in the port city. However, due to the decline in plantation production, the function of trains decreased as well. During the New Order era which focused on agrarian farming system, trains’ function as transportation went down and replaced by highway. In other words, highway became a primary transportation system because they were able to transport production crops (e.g. rice) from fields to our house. This shifting use was closely related to the policy issued by the government. Pengembangan fasilitas transportasi darat baik kereta api maupun jalan raya pada akhir abad ke-19 dan ke-20 terkait erat dengan produksi tanaman perkebunan. Metode historis digunakan dalam menulis artikel ini. Dokumentasi dilakukan dengan mencari informasi terkait kecelakaan di jalan. Dokumen akan dilacak di Arsip Nasional Jakarta, Perpustakaan Nasional Jakarta, Monumen Pers di Surakarta, Biro Pusat Statistik Jawa Tengah, beberapa perpustakaan di Yogyakarta. Pada awal abad ke-20, kereta api menjadi sistem transportasi utama karena mereka mengangkut tanaman perkebunan dalam jumlah besar sebelum melaju di kota pelabuhan. Namun, karena penurunan produksi perkebunan, fungsi kereta api juga menurun. Selama era Orde Baru yang berfokus pada sistem pertanian agraria, fungsi kereta api sebagai transportasi turun dan digantikan oleh jalan raya. Dengan kata lain, jalan raya menjadi sistem transportasi utama karena mereka dapat mengangkut tanaman produksi (misalnya beras) dari ladang ke rumah. Pergeseran penggunaan ini terkait erat dengan kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah. 
The Tomb of Teungku Di Anjong: From History, Art Artifacts and Revitalization Motive for the Development of Aceh Creative Batik Design Herwandi, Herwandi; Ibrahim, Husaini; Yusdi, Muhammad
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v29i2.18888

Abstract

Teungku Di Anjong is a great ‘pries’ who lived during his reign of Sultan Alaudin Mahmud Shah in the kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (1760 - 1781 AD). He is buried in Gampong Peulanggahan, Kutaraja Sub-district, Banda Aceh City. His tomb is in an old mosque complex, which the people named by the Teungku Di Anjong Mosque. The tomb of Teungku Di Anjong along with his wife's grave named Syarifah, which is in a construct (cungkub), has a jirat and two beautifully decorated tombstones. The decorations are generally in harmony with Islamic art, filled with Arabic flower and calligraphic ornaments. Teungku Di Anjong Tomb is an art artifact, an art product of the creative industry in the 18th century ago in Aceh, which is a continuation of the tradition of decorating the tomb from earlier times. This article will discuss the history of Teungku Di Anjong, in dynamics and its role in the development of history in the kingdom of Aceh Darussalam. Then, it will see the artifacts of the tomb of Tengku Di Anjong, which is associated with the revitalization of the ornament on the tomb, which can produce a new patented "motif" design that is registered to IPR (Intellectual Property Rights). The design of the new motif can be part of the enhancement of creativity for the development of batik motifs in Aceh Darussalam. Batik produced can have the character of Aceh and Islamic character. Teungku Di Anjong adalah tokoh besar yang hidup pada masa pemerintahan Sultan Alaudin Mahmud Shah di kerajaan Aceh Darussalam (1760 - 1781 M). Ia dimakamkan di Gampong Peulanggahan, Kecamatan Kutaraja, Kota Banda Aceh. Makamnya berada di kompleks masjid tua, yang oleh orang-orang dinamai Masjid Teungku Di Anjong. Makam Teungku Di Anjong bersama dengan kuburan istrinya bernama Syarifah, memiliki jirat dan dua batu nisan yang didekorasi dengan indah. Dekorasi umumnya selaras dengan seni Islam, diisi dengan bunga Arab dan ornamen kaligrafi. Makam Teungku Di Anjong adalah artefak seni, produk seni dari industri kreatif pada abad ke-18 yang lalu di Aceh. Seni tersebut merupakan kelanjutan dari tradisi mendekorasi makam dari zaman sebelumnya. Artikel ini membahas sejarah Teungku Di Anjong, dalam dinamika dan perannya dalam pengembangan sejarah di kerajaan Aceh Darussalam. Kemudian, melihat artefak dari makam Tengku Di Anjong, yang terkait dengan revitalisasi ornamen di makam, yang dapat menghasilkan desain "motif" baru yang dipatenkan yang terdaftar pada HKI (Hak Kekayaan Intelektual). Desain motif baru dapat menjadi bagian dari peningkatan kreativitas untuk pengembangan motif batik di Aceh Darussalam. Batik yang dihasilkan dapat memiliki karakter Aceh dan karakter Islam. 
From Assimilation to Pluralism and Multiculturalism Policy:State Policy Towards Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia Wasino, Wasino; Putro, Saptono; Aji, Ananto; Kurniawan, Edi; Shintasiwi, Fitri Amalia
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v29i2.20869

Abstract

Indonesian society inherits plural society of Dutch colonization. One of the major problems is related to the minority ethnicity and its position towards the majority. One of the ethnicities which receives special attention from the government is Chinese. This article is trying to analyse the history of Indonesia Government Policy from Indonesian Independence to Reformasi. The results show that from Indonesian Independence to The New Order era, discrimination politics to Chinese in Indonesia occurs. Chinese is trying to create their image being Indonesian by imitating the majority’s cultural identity or practicing assimilation based on the location where they live. After Reformasi in 1998, the state politics changed by respecting cultures or multicultural society. Therefore, some Chinese identities start to strengthen, but most of them still follow the majority culture. Masyarakat Indonesia mewarisi masyarakat majemuk penjajahan Belanda. Salah satu masalah utama terkait dengan etnis minoritas dan posisinya terhadap mayoritas. Salah satu etnis yang mendapat perhatian khusus dari pemerintah adalah Cina. Artikel ini mencoba menganalisis sejarah Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia dari era Kemerdekaan Indonesia hingga Reformasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari kemerdekaan Indonesia ke era Orde Baru, terjadi diskriminasi politik terhadap Tionghoa di Indonesia. Orang Tionghoa mencoba membuat citra mereka menjadi orang Indonesia dengan meniru identitas budaya mayoritas atau mempraktikkan asimilasi berdasarkan lokasi tempat mereka tinggal. Setelah era reformasi pada tahun 1998, politik negara berubah dengan menghormati budaya atau masyarakat multikultural. Oleh karena itu, beberapa identitas Cina mulai menguat, tetapi kebanyakan dari mereka masih mengikuti budaya mayoritas. 
Peace Education as the Development of Social Skill in Social Science Learning Sariyatun, Sariyatun; Joebagio, Hermanu; Akhyar, Muhammad
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v29i2.15955

Abstract

This research aims to describe the integration of peace education as the reinforcement of social skill reinforcement in Social Science learning. Qualitative research method was employed in this study. Data source included teachers, documents, and library study. Data collection was carried out using interview, questionnaire, and document and literature source analysis. Interview and questionnaire were used to explore the respondents’ perspective on peace education for developing social skill in Social Science learning. The subjects agreeing to participate in this study were Social Science teachers in Junior High School consisting of 20 teachers. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data validation was conducted using method triangulation and data analysis using an interactive model of analysis encompassing data reduction, data display, and data verification. From the result of research, it could be concluded that Social Science teachers in Surakarta had positive perception that peace education in Social Science learning can be used to reinforce social skill.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan integrasi pendidikan perdamaian sebagai penguatan penguatan keterampilan sosial dalam pembelajaran Ilmu Sosial. Metode penelitian kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sumber data termasuk guru, dokumen, dan studi perpustakaan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan wawancara, kuesioner, dan analisis sumber dokumen dan literatur. Wawancara dan kuesioner digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi perspektif responden tentang pendidikan perdamaian untuk mengembangkan keterampilan sosial dalam pembelajaran Ilmu Sosial. Subyek yang setuju untuk berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini adalah guru Ilmu Sosial di SMP yang terdiri dari 20 guru. Para peserta dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Validasi data dilakukan dengan menggunakan triangulasi metode dan analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif yang meliputi reduksi data, tampilan data, dan verifikasi data. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa guru Ilmu Sosial di Surakarta memiliki persepsi positif bahwa pendidikan perdamaian dalam pembelajaran Ilmu Sosial dapat digunakan untuk memperkuat keterampilan sosial. 
Societeit de Harmonie: European Elite Entertainment Center In the 19th Century in Batavia Artyas, Yasmin; Warto, Warto
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v29i2.15418

Abstract

Major cities in Indonesia generally have landmarks or special features that symbolize the uniqueness and beauty of the city in question. One of the most important landmarks of the colonial city is the societeit building as an entertainment center. This study examines the function and role of Societeit de Harmonie in Batavia in the 19th century in the midst of the heterogeneous and multiethnic life of the Batavian city of Batavia. Through the study of documents and archives, the results of this study show that Societeit de Harmonie is the greatest building compared to other societeit buildings in Batavia in the 19th century. Therefore, this building is known by all citizens of the city although who can access and utilize this building is only limited. Only the European elite can enter and use the Societeit de Harmonie building. The presence of the place of entertainment also represents the entry of new values (West) that color and becomes an important part of the cultural development of the next city Batavia. These Western values are coupled with local values practiced by indigenous peoples living in the corners of the city of Batavia. The lifestyles of Europeans who lived in Batavia during the nineteenth century can be identified from their activities when gathered in the Societeit de Harmonie. Kota-kota besar di Indonesia pada umumnya memiliki landmark atau ciri khusus yang menjadi lambang keunikan dan keindahan kota yang bersangkutan. Salah satu landmark kota colonial yang terpenting adalah gedung societeit sebagai pusat hiburan. Penelitian ini mengkaji fungsi dan peran Societeit de Harmonie di Batavia pada abad ke-19 di tengah-tengah kehidupan masyarakat kota Batavia yang heterogen dan multietnis. Melalui studi dokumen dan arsip-arsip sezaman, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Societeit de Harmoni merupakan bangunan termegah dibandingkan bangunan societeit lainnya di Batavia pada abad ke-19. Oleh karena itu, bangunan ini dikenal oleh seluruh warga kota meskipun yang dapat mengakses dan memanfaatkan bangunan ini hanya kalangan terbatas. Hanya golongan elit Eropa saja yang dapat masuk dan menggunakan gedung Societeit de Harmonie. Kehadiran tempat hiburan itu juga merepresentasikan masuknya nilai-nilai baru (Barat) yang mewarnai dan menjadi bagian penting dari perkembagan budaya kota Batavia selanjutnya. Nilai-nilai Barat ini bersanding dengan nilai-nilai local yang dipraktikkan masyarakat pribumi yang tinggal di sudut- sudut kota Batavia. Gaya hidup orang-orang Eropa yang tinggal di Batavia selama abad ke-19 dapat dikenali dari aktivitas mereka ketika berkumpul di Societeit de Harmonie. 
Mission and Development in Manggarai, Flores Eastern Indonesia in 1920-1960s Widyawati, Fransiska; Lon, Yohanes S
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v29i2.16716

Abstract

This paper explores the mission and development in Manggarai Flores, Indonesia in 1920-1960s. These two activities were carried out by Catholic Church missionaries from Europe. Before this religion came to Manggarai, this region was in an isolated and backward condition. People lived in primitive way of life. The new development was carried out with the arrival of the Dutch colonists who worked closely with the Catholic Church missionaries beginning in the early 20th century. The Church utilized the support of the Dutch colonialists while running various development programs as important strategies to gain sympathy from the Manggarai people. As a result, the Church was accepted and became the dominant force in the community. This proves that missions that are in line with development or religion which at the same time pay attention to religious and secular aspects can win the hearts of the people. By using the historical approach, this paper aims to present a history of mission and development relations in Manggarai, Eastern Indonesia while providing a critical analysis of how religion, government and society are interwoven. Paper ini mengeksplorasi misi dan pembangunan di Manggarai Flores, Indonesia tahun 1920-1960s. Dua aktivitas ini dilakukan oleh misionaris Gereja Katolik yang berasal dari Eropa. Sebelum agama ini datang ke Manggarai, wilayah ini berada dalam kondisi terisolasi dan terkebelakang. Masyarakat tidak mengenal infrastruktur modern. Pembangunan baru dilakukan dengan datangnya penjajah Belanda yang bekerja sama erat dengan misionaris Gereja Katolik mulai pada awal abad 20. Gereja memanfaatkan dukungan Belanda sekaligus menjalankan aneka program pembangunan sebagai strategi penting untuk mendapatkan simpati orang Manggarai. Hasilnya Gereja diterima dan menjadi kekuatan dominan di dalam masyarakat. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa misi yang sejalan dengan pembangunan atau agama yang sekaligus memperhatikan aspek religius dan kultural dapat memenangkan hati masyarakatnya. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan sejarah hubungan misi dan pembangunan di Manggarai, Indonesia Timur sambil memberikan analisis kritis tentang bagaimana agama, pemerintah dan otoritas masyarakat terjalin erat. 

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