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Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 24075825     EISSN : 24075825     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v30i2.20890
Core Subject : Humanities,
Humanities
The journal publishes writings on (1) historiography, (2) philosophy of history, (3) history of education, and (4) history educaiton. Historiography means the writing of history based on the critical examination of sources, the selection of particular details from the authentic materials in those sources, and the synthesis of those details into a narrative that stands the test of critical examination. Historiography studies cover chronologically various themes, such as local history, social history, cultural history, economic history, political history, military history, intellectual history, environmental history, and other historical studies. Philosophy of history, the study either of the historical process and its development or of the methods used by historians to understand their material. History of education is a study of the past that focuses on educational issues. These include education systems, institutions, theories, themes and other related phenomena in the past. History education includes studies of how history teaches in school or society, curriculum, educational values in events, figures, and historical heritage, media and sources of historical learning, history teachers, and studies of textbooks.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 742 Documents
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KETIKA KEBIJAKAN ORDE LAMA MEMASUKI DOMAIN PENDIDIKAN: PENYIAPAN DAN KINERJA GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DI INDONESIA Umasih, Umasih
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 24, No 1 (2014): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v24i1.2867

Abstract

This article reveals how the educational policy in Indonesia during The Old Order. The domination of government (Soekarno) as expressed in the domination theory by Antonio Gramsci which a politic is a commander and it can dominate whole Indonesia society life including an educational aspect. Furthermore, Soekarno as an individual manivesto has given a space for PKI because of their closeness. When the Minister, Prijono, issued a decision concerning about Pancawardhana Educational System, The Institution of National Education which is affiliated by PKI giving a formulation of Pancacinta. An education in the political manifesto obliges teachers enter into a practical politics life, teachers have to be revolutionary . It means that the learning practice is given toward students through indoctrination.  No less than 2000 teachers in the East java and the Cental Java finally became PKI members, then about  580 teachers of elementary school from the West Java. Even PKI has succeeded to divide the organization of teacher’s membership into The Cental Vak PGRI and  non Vak Central PGRI. Keywords : The Old Order, The Pacawardhana Educational System, the performance of elementary teachers.  Artikel ini mengungkapkan bagaimana kebijakan pendidikan Indonesia pada masa Orde Lama. Dominasi pemerintah (Soekarno) seperti diungkapkan dalam teori  dominasi oleh ntonio Gramsci di mana politik adalah panglima dan dapat mendominasi segala kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia termasuk dalam bidang pendidikan. Tidak hanya itu, Presiden Soekarno sebagai manivesto perseorangan  juga  telah  memberi ruang gerak pada PKI karena kedekatan hubungannya dengan Presiden Soekarno.  Ketika Menteri Prijono mengeluarkan keputusan tentang Sistem Pendidikan Pancawardhana, Lembaga Pendidikan Nasional yang berafiliasi dengan PKI memberi rumusan tentang Pancacinta. Pendidikan dalam alam manipol mengharuskan guru terjun dalam kehidupan politik praktis, guru harus revolusioner yang dalam praktik pembelajaran dilakukan kepada peserta didik melalui indoktrinasi.  Tidak kurang dari 2000 guru Jawa Timur dan Jawa Tengah akhirnya menjadi anggota PKI, demikian pula  kira-kira 580 orang guru sekolah dasar dari Jawa Barat.   Bahkan PKI telah berhasil memecah organisasi keanggotaan guru menjadi PGRI Vak Sentral dan PGRI non Vak Sentral. Kata Kunci : Orde Lama, Sistem Pendidikan Pancawardhana, Kinerja Guru SD.  
BIBLIOGRAFI SEJARAH KESEHATAN PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN HINDIA BELANDA Muhsin Z., Mumuh
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 22, No 2 (2012): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v22i2.2119

Abstract

History of health recently began to receive attention in Indonesia. One of the ways to trace them is through bibliographic study. Publications issued in the past, particularly in the colonial period, whether it be books, journals, magazines, newspapers can become an access to know and reconstruct the history of health in Nusantara. The purpose of this study is to inventory and identify a number of publications that appeared in the past by first described its historical context. The method used in this study is the historical method. The conclusion showed that the availability of bibliographic resources on the history of health in Indonesia is quite a lot that can be used to reconstruct the Indonesian health conditions in the colonial period. Knowledge of medical history is very useful to see the change, continuity, parallelism, and comparison of health problems in various places and at different periods. Key words: bibliography, medical history, the Netherlands-Indie   Sejarah kesehatan belakangan ini mulai mendapat perhatian di Indonesia. Untuk menelusurinya di antaranya adalah melalui pengkajian bibliografis. Publikasi-publikasi yang diterbitkan pada masa lalu, khususnya masa kolonial,  baik berupa buku, jurnal, majalah, surat kabar bisa menjadi akses untuk mengetahui dan merekonstruksi masa lalu kesehatan di Nusantara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menginventarisasi dan mengidentifikasi sejumlah publikasi yang terbit pada lalu dengan terlebih dahulu diuraikan konteks sejarahnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah. Simpulannya adalah ketersediaan sumber bibliografis mengenai sejarah kesehatan di Indonesia yang cukup banyak itu dapat digunakan untuk merekonstruksi kondisi kesehatan di Indonesia masa kolonial. Pengetahuan sejarah kesehatan ini sangat berguna untuk melihat perubahan, kesinambungan, paralelisme, dan perbandingan masalah kesehatan di berbagai tempat pada berbagai periode. Kata kunci: bibliografi, sejarah kedokteran, Hindia Belanda  
AKTIVITAS PERDAGANGAN DI KERESIDENAN JEPARA 1843-1891 Alamsyah, Alamsyah
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 25, No 1 (2015): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v25i1.3420

Abstract

When the role of Jepara as a trading city deteriorated from the beginning 19th century, the life of Jepara Residency community shifted from maritime sector with a trading base to agrarian sector. The shift to agrarian sector which based on agriculture and plantation, and supported by the sea outputs made this residency attractive for traders. Both local traders, neighboring traders around Jepara, foreign eastern traders and interinsuler, as well as European traders. The traded products were exported to the surrounding areas of the residency, outer islands of Java, Singapore, and Europe. The export activities were carried out to other places through Semarang and Surabaya ports. In addition, the import activities also took place because this residency was a potential section in marketing imported products. It shows that in 19th century, especially around 1843 to 1891 the trading activities in Jepara Residency was still in existence.Keywords : Activity, Trading, Residency, Jepara Residency, Export, ImportMeredupnya Jepara sebagai kota dagang sejak awal abad ke-19 membuat kehidupan masyarakat Keresidenan Jepara beralih dari sektor maritim yang berbasis perdagangan ke sektor agraris. Beralihnya ke sektor agraris yang berbasis pada pertanian,  perkebunan, dan  ditopang oleh hasil laut justru membuat Keresidenan ini mempunyai daya tarik bagi pedagang. Baik pedagang lokal, pedagang sekitar wilayah Jepara, pedagang Timur Asing dan interinsuler, maupun pedagang Eropa. Produk yang diperdagangkan di-ekspor ke wilayah sekitar Keresidenan, interinsuler,  Singapura, dan Eropa. Kegiatan ekspor ke interinsuler dan ke luar negeri dilakukan melalui pelabuhan Semarang dan Surabaya. Selain itu, kegiatan impor juga berlangsung karena keresidenan ini merupakan  pangsa potensial dalam memasarkan produk impor. Ini menunjukkan bahwa pada abad ke-19, terutama sekitar tahun 1843 hingga 1891 aktivitas  perdagangan di keresidenan Jepara masih tetap eksis.Keywords : Aktivitas, perdagangan, Keresidenan Jepara, ekspor, impor  
PENGARUH PENDUDUKAN JEPANG TERHADAP MASYARAKAT MAGELANG 1942-1945 Perdana, Nugroho Adi
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 20, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v20i2.1046

Abstract

Japan entered through Yogyakarta to Magelang, on March 6, 1942, unlike the Dutch who thought Japan estimation will come from Semarang. The arrival of Japan was warmly welcomed because people already feel hate with the Dutch who like to act arbitrarily. Japan imposed political policies of the economic system of war (kriegwierschaft) that everything is intended to meet the needs of war. Policies include deposit obligation of rice, romusha, taxes, changes in the system of government (decentralization). This policy affects the economy of the people who declined Magelang and adversely affects the condition of society and cause various problems of hunger, lack of clothing, poverty, and social problem from health problems and high death rates are very high. But there is also a positive impact such as the introduction of new rice planting system and the established system of Japanese school in Magelang. The young men in addition to getting a formal education also received military training which is beneficial for the survival struggle of the people of Magelang in the future.   Key words: Japanese occupation, struggle, Magelang   Jepang masuk melalui Yogyakarta ke Magelang, tepatnya tanggal 6 Maret 1942, tidak seperti perkiraan Belanda yang mengira Jepang akan datang dari arah Semarang. Kedatangan Jepang disambut baik karena orang sudah merasa benci Magelang dengan Belanda yang suka bertindak sewenang-wenang. Jepang menerapkan kebijakan politik dari sistem ekonomi perang (kriegwierschaft) yang semuanya dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan perang. Kebijakan yang mencakup pula kewajiban simpanan wajib beras, romusha, pajak, perubahan sistem pemerintahan (desentralisasi). Kebijakan ini mempengaruhi perekonomian masyarakat yang menolak Magelang dan berakibat buruk pada kondisi masyarakat dan menyebabkan berbagai masalah kelaparan, kekurangan pakaian, kemiskinan, dan masalah sosial dari masalah kesehatan dan tingkat kematian sangat tinggi. Tapi ada juga dampak positif adalah seperti mulai diperkenalkan dengan sistem tanam padi baru dan pendirian sekolah Jepang di Magelang. Orang-orang muda selain mendapatkan pendidikan formal juga menerima pelatihan militer yang bermanfaat bagi perjuangan hidup rakyat Magelang di masa depan.   Kata kunci: pendudukan Jepang, perlawanan, Magelang  
From Assimilation to Pluralism and Multiculturalism Policy:State Policy Towards Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia Wasino, Wasino; Putro, Saptono; Aji, Ananto; Kurniawan, Edi; Shintasiwi, Fitri Amalia
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v29i2.20869

Abstract

Indonesian society inherits plural society of Dutch colonization. One of the major problems is related to the minority ethnicity and its position towards the majority. One of the ethnicities which receives special attention from the government is Chinese. This article is trying to analyse the history of Indonesia Government Policy from Indonesian Independence to Reformasi. The results show that from Indonesian Independence to The New Order era, discrimination politics to Chinese in Indonesia occurs. Chinese is trying to create their image being Indonesian by imitating the majority’s cultural identity or practicing assimilation based on the location where they live. After Reformasi in 1998, the state politics changed by respecting cultures or multicultural society. Therefore, some Chinese identities start to strengthen, but most of them still follow the majority culture. Masyarakat Indonesia mewarisi masyarakat majemuk penjajahan Belanda. Salah satu masalah utama terkait dengan etnis minoritas dan posisinya terhadap mayoritas. Salah satu etnis yang mendapat perhatian khusus dari pemerintah adalah Cina. Artikel ini mencoba menganalisis sejarah Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia dari era Kemerdekaan Indonesia hingga Reformasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari kemerdekaan Indonesia ke era Orde Baru, terjadi diskriminasi politik terhadap Tionghoa di Indonesia. Orang Tionghoa mencoba membuat citra mereka menjadi orang Indonesia dengan meniru identitas budaya mayoritas atau mempraktikkan asimilasi berdasarkan lokasi tempat mereka tinggal. Setelah era reformasi pada tahun 1998, politik negara berubah dengan menghormati budaya atau masyarakat multikultural. Oleh karena itu, beberapa identitas Cina mulai menguat, tetapi kebanyakan dari mereka masih mengikuti budaya mayoritas. 
SULTAN ISKANDAR DJABIR SYAH: FROM MALINO CONFERENCE TO THE MINISTER OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF NEGARA INDONESIA TIMUR Hasyim, Rustam
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 2 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i2.7176

Abstract

This study aims to reconstruct the political participation of Iskandar Djabir Syah (the 47thSultan of Ternate) in the establishment of the State of Eastern Indonesia. The results showed that: (1) the participation of Sultan of Ternate Iskandar Djabir Syah in the unitary state started in the early independence of the Republic of Indonesia; it was characterized by conducting Malino and Denpasar conferences in 1946. The establishment of the Eastern Indonesia State became the political inspiration for Iskandar Djabir Syah to involve as the senate member of the Eastern Indonesia State/NIT representing North Maluku, as well as one of its designers. (2) As one of the leaders who agreed to the idea of van Mook to form a federalist country in the Malino and Denpasar conference, so that when the Eastern Indonesia State was formed, he was appointed as the Minister of Internal Affairs in the cabinet of J.E. Tatengkeng for 1949 to 1950 periods. (3) Malino to Denpasar Conference in 1946 that was initiated by H.J. van Mook was the Dutch effort to establish the states in order to realize the United States of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia Serikat/RIS) based on Linggarjati Agreement. At the conference, it was formed the Eastern Indonesia State (Negara Indonesia Timur/NIT) covering the areas of Sulawesi, Small Sunda (Bali and Nusa Tenggara) and the Maluku Islands. Fokus kajian ini menguraikan beberapa peristiwa politik yang melibatkan Iskandar Djabir Syah seperti konferensi Malino dan Denpasar hingga terpilih menjadi menteri dalam negeri Indonesia Timur pada periode 1949-1950.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1). Partisipasi Sultan Ternate Iskandar Djabir Syah dalam negara kesatuan dimulai sejak awal kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, ditandai dengan diselengarakannya konperensi Malino dan Denpasar 1946. Terbentuknya Negara Indonesia Timur kemudian menjadi inspirasi   politik bagi  Iskandar Jabir Syah untuk melibatkan diri sebagai anggota senat NIT mewakili Maluku Utara, sekaligus merupakan salah satu disainernya. (2). Sebagai salah satu tokoh yang menyetujui gagasan van Mook untuk membentuk negera federalis dalam  konperensi Malino dan Denpasar, sehingga ketika terbentuknya Negara Indonesia Timur diangkat menjadi Menteri Dalam Negeri pada kabinet J.E. Tatengkeng periode 1949-1950.  (3). Konferensi Malino hingga Denpasar pada tahun 1946  yang diprakarsai oleh H.J. van Mook merupakan upaya Belanda mendirikan negara–negara bagian dalam rangka mewujudkan Negara Indonesia Serikat (RIS) berdasarkan Persetujuan Lingarjati. Dalam konferensi tersebut dibentuklah Negara Indonesia Timur (NIT) meliputi wilayah Sulawesi, Sunda Kecil (Bali dan Nusa Tenggara) dan Kepulauan Maluku. 
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT UNTUK BERPARTISIPASI DALAM PELESTARIAN SITUS PATIAYAM DI KABUPATEN KUDUS Wasino, Widiyati dan
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 21, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v21i1.1028

Abstract

The results showed that groups who empowered society are Department of Culture and Tourism is Kudus Regency, Site Conservation Forum Patiayam, interpreters maintained, and the Society of Conservation Society Patiayam Site. Form of empowerment to do is socialize Heritage Law, the socialization of the Master Plan which is equipped with RTBL, to socialize and fossil sites Patiayam, lift the savior maintain Patiayam fossils at the site, and create a mini museum Patiayam site. Studies on community participation suggests that public understanding of the importance of the Patiayam as Heritage Objects, including the criteria to be positive both in terms of preservation Patiayam site. Public awareness in the form of active participation in preserving good sites including Patiayam. Active participation in preserving good sites that carry the impact of the sustainability of the site remains in preventive and curative.   Keywords: empowerment, society, sites, patiayam  
Peace Education as the Development of Social Skill in Social Science Learning Sariyatun, Sariyatun; Joebagio, Hermanu; Akhyar, Muhammad
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v29i2.15955

Abstract

This research aims to describe the integration of peace education as the reinforcement of social skill reinforcement in Social Science learning. Qualitative research method was employed in this study. Data source included teachers, documents, and library study. Data collection was carried out using interview, questionnaire, and document and literature source analysis. Interview and questionnaire were used to explore the respondents’ perspective on peace education for developing social skill in Social Science learning. The subjects agreeing to participate in this study were Social Science teachers in Junior High School consisting of 20 teachers. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data validation was conducted using method triangulation and data analysis using an interactive model of analysis encompassing data reduction, data display, and data verification. From the result of research, it could be concluded that Social Science teachers in Surakarta had positive perception that peace education in Social Science learning can be used to reinforce social skill.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan integrasi pendidikan perdamaian sebagai penguatan penguatan keterampilan sosial dalam pembelajaran Ilmu Sosial. Metode penelitian kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sumber data termasuk guru, dokumen, dan studi perpustakaan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan wawancara, kuesioner, dan analisis sumber dokumen dan literatur. Wawancara dan kuesioner digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi perspektif responden tentang pendidikan perdamaian untuk mengembangkan keterampilan sosial dalam pembelajaran Ilmu Sosial. Subyek yang setuju untuk berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini adalah guru Ilmu Sosial di SMP yang terdiri dari 20 guru. Para peserta dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Validasi data dilakukan dengan menggunakan triangulasi metode dan analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif yang meliputi reduksi data, tampilan data, dan verifikasi data. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa guru Ilmu Sosial di Surakarta memiliki persepsi positif bahwa pendidikan perdamaian dalam pembelajaran Ilmu Sosial dapat digunakan untuk memperkuat keterampilan sosial. 
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PENDIDIKAN NILAI-NILAI BUDAYA DI SMP BERBASIS TRADISI SENI BATIK KLASIK SURAKARTA Sariyatun, Sariyatun
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2672

Abstract

The objective of the study is to develop the educational model of cultural values based on the classical batik’s Surakarta arts tradition in order to strengthen the nation characters and national identity. The research was done by using the research and development method. In collecting the data, the researcher conducted several ways, as follow: interview, library research, forum group discussion and classroom action research. The qualitative analysis was used for conducting the need analysis as the first step of research and development activity and the quantitative analysis and the quasi-experiment were done to get the validation model. The result of this study showed that cultural values taught in junior high school were same as the character building education as a whole. The implementation of each character buildings stood on its own of each subjects and could be inserted into the guidance and counseling subject and the civics subject. Moreover, it was, then, defined that the educational model of cultural values based on the classical batik’s Surakarta arts tradition was integrated to the social science subject as the model development of the character building. Keywords: model, education, cultural values, classical batik Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model pendidikan nilai-nilai budaya  di SMP  berbasis Tradisi  Seni Batik  Klasik  Surakarta sebagai Upaya Penguatan Karakter Bangsa dan Identitas  Nasional. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut penelitian dilakukan dengan Research and Development. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, metode simak, FGD, observasi, dan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Pada tahap penelitian pendahuluan dan pengembangan model digunakan  analisis Kualitatif. Tahap validasi model digunakan eksperimen semu dan analisis Kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pendidikan nilai di SMP implementasinya sama dengan pendidikan budi pekerti. Implementasi pendidikan budi pekerti pada masing-masing satuan pendidikan (SMP) belum ada kesamaan yakni berdiri sendiri sebagai mata pelajaran dan digabungkan dengan Bimbingan dan Konseling atau PKN. Untuk itu, di rumuskan Draf strategi dan model PNBBTBK (Pendidikan Nilai Budaya berbasis Tradisi Seni Batik Klasik) melalui Integrasi dalam pembelajaran IPS sebagai pengembangan model Pendidikan Budi Nilai Budaya. Kata Kunci: model, pendidikan, nilai budaya, batik klasik    
WACANA BHINEKA TUNGGAL IKA DALAM BUKU TEKS SEJARAH Utami, Indah Wahyu Puji; Widiadi, Aditya Nugroho
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 1 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i1.5150

Abstract

Textbook is one of learning sources used in history learning in school. History learning has function to preserve collective memories and necessary values, such as Bhineka Tunggal Ika. This research aims to reveal depiction and representation of  Bhineka Tunggal Ika value in history textbooks. It is qualitative research using critical discourse analysis, particularly representative analysis model by Roger Fowler.  Data sources in the research are the senior high school textbooks based on 2006 curriculum which can be downloaded at bse.kemdikbud.go.id. website. Method of collecting data is conducted by documentation technique. The validity of discourse analysis refers to  Ibnu Hamad’s opinion, namely holistic, historical situatedness, and theory. Next, analysis is conducted using critical discourse analysis by Fairclough  namely description, interpretation and explanation. The result of research shows that Bhineka Tunggal Ika is represented in various themes such as assimilation/acculturation/ syncretism, differences/diversity/plurality/complexity/multicultural, distinction/discrimination and unity. Bhineka Tunggal Ika should be understand as both  a result and continuous process. Buku teks merupakan salah satu sumber belajar yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran sejarah di sekolah. Pembelajaran sejarah berfungsi untuk melestarikan memori kolektif dan nilai-nilai yang dianggap penting, salah satunya Bhineka Tunggal Ika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengungkap penggambaran dan representasi nilai Bhineka Tunggal Ika dalam buku teks sejarah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis, terutama analisis representasi model Roger Fowler. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah buku teks sejarah SMA berdasarkan kurikulum 2006 yang dapat diunduh pada laman bse.kemdikbud.go.id. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi.Validitas analisis wacana mengacu pada pendapat Ibnu Hamad, yaitu holistic, historical situatedness, dan teori.Selanjutnya analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan model analisis wacana kritis Fairclough yaitu deskripsi, interpretasi, dan eksplanasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bhineka Tunggal Ika direpresentasikan dalam berbagai tema seperti pembauran/akulturasi/sinkretisme, perbedaan/ keragaman/ pluralitas/ kemajemukan/ multikultural, pembedaan/diskriminasi serta persatuan dan kesatuan. Bhineka Tunggal Ika perlu dipahami sebagai hasil maupun proses yang terus berlanjut. 

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