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Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 24075825     EISSN : 24075825     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v30i2.20890
Core Subject : Humanities,
Humanities
The journal publishes writings on (1) historiography, (2) philosophy of history, (3) history of education, and (4) history educaiton. Historiography means the writing of history based on the critical examination of sources, the selection of particular details from the authentic materials in those sources, and the synthesis of those details into a narrative that stands the test of critical examination. Historiography studies cover chronologically various themes, such as local history, social history, cultural history, economic history, political history, military history, intellectual history, environmental history, and other historical studies. Philosophy of history, the study either of the historical process and its development or of the methods used by historians to understand their material. History of education is a study of the past that focuses on educational issues. These include education systems, institutions, theories, themes and other related phenomena in the past. History education includes studies of how history teaches in school or society, curriculum, educational values in events, figures, and historical heritage, media and sources of historical learning, history teachers, and studies of textbooks.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 742 Documents
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The Tomb of Teungku Di Anjong: From History, Art Artifacts and Revitalization Motive for the Development of Aceh Creative Batik Design Herwandi, Herwandi; Ibrahim, Husaini; Yusdi, Muhammad
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 29, No 2 (2019): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v29i2.18888

Abstract

Teungku Di Anjong is a great ‘pries’ who lived during his reign of Sultan Alaudin Mahmud Shah in the kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (1760 - 1781 AD). He is buried in Gampong Peulanggahan, Kutaraja Sub-district, Banda Aceh City. His tomb is in an old mosque complex, which the people named by the Teungku Di Anjong Mosque. The tomb of Teungku Di Anjong along with his wife's grave named Syarifah, which is in a construct (cungkub), has a jirat and two beautifully decorated tombstones. The decorations are generally in harmony with Islamic art, filled with Arabic flower and calligraphic ornaments. Teungku Di Anjong Tomb is an art artifact, an art product of the creative industry in the 18th century ago in Aceh, which is a continuation of the tradition of decorating the tomb from earlier times. This article will discuss the history of Teungku Di Anjong, in dynamics and its role in the development of history in the kingdom of Aceh Darussalam. Then, it will see the artifacts of the tomb of Tengku Di Anjong, which is associated with the revitalization of the ornament on the tomb, which can produce a new patented "motif" design that is registered to IPR (Intellectual Property Rights). The design of the new motif can be part of the enhancement of creativity for the development of batik motifs in Aceh Darussalam. Batik produced can have the character of Aceh and Islamic character. Teungku Di Anjong adalah tokoh besar yang hidup pada masa pemerintahan Sultan Alaudin Mahmud Shah di kerajaan Aceh Darussalam (1760 - 1781 M). Ia dimakamkan di Gampong Peulanggahan, Kecamatan Kutaraja, Kota Banda Aceh. Makamnya berada di kompleks masjid tua, yang oleh orang-orang dinamai Masjid Teungku Di Anjong. Makam Teungku Di Anjong bersama dengan kuburan istrinya bernama Syarifah, memiliki jirat dan dua batu nisan yang didekorasi dengan indah. Dekorasi umumnya selaras dengan seni Islam, diisi dengan bunga Arab dan ornamen kaligrafi. Makam Teungku Di Anjong adalah artefak seni, produk seni dari industri kreatif pada abad ke-18 yang lalu di Aceh. Seni tersebut merupakan kelanjutan dari tradisi mendekorasi makam dari zaman sebelumnya. Artikel ini membahas sejarah Teungku Di Anjong, dalam dinamika dan perannya dalam pengembangan sejarah di kerajaan Aceh Darussalam. Kemudian, melihat artefak dari makam Tengku Di Anjong, yang terkait dengan revitalisasi ornamen di makam, yang dapat menghasilkan desain "motif" baru yang dipatenkan yang terdaftar pada HKI (Hak Kekayaan Intelektual). Desain motif baru dapat menjadi bagian dari peningkatan kreativitas untuk pengembangan motif batik di Aceh Darussalam. Batik yang dihasilkan dapat memiliki karakter Aceh dan karakter Islam. 
UANG DAN BUDAYA UTANG DI EKS-KARESIDENAN BESUKI DALAM LINTAS SEJARAH Handayani, Sri Ana
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 26, No 2 (2016): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v26i2.7180

Abstract

The research explore the views, knowledge, and beliefs of the Indonesian people on money, debt, and credit. This study tries to explain the Javanese’s and Madurese’s conception shift about money and debt  in their economical life, especially (1) The conception of the Madurese and Javanese people on money and debt culture. (2) The conception shift in using of money and debt culture. (3) The factors that is influencing conception shift about money and debt culture. The research employs of historical methods. The research material here include both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources collection by interviews (the oral history technique). Secondary sources consist of published materials, research reports, and newspaper, which are relevant to the subject under consideration. The research concludes that there are same conception among the two ethnic group on money, and debt cultural in the former Besuki Residency. The money used for economic, social, politics, and religious. There for, the active role of government is important to direct the people to adopt the formal credit pattern of life by involving prominent formal and informal figures. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pandangan,  pengetahuan, dan keyakinan masyarakat Indonesia pada uang, utang, dan kredit. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menjelaskan bagaimana pergeseran konsepsi orang Jawa dan Madura tentang uang dan utang dalam kehidupan ekonomi mereka, terutama (1) Konsepsi-orang Madura dan Jawa pada uang dan budaya utang. (2) Bagaimana perubahan konsepsi mereka dalam menggunakan uang dan budaya utang. (3) Apa faktor untuk mengubah konsepsi mereka pada budaya utang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah. Bahan penelitian di sini termasuk sumber primer dan sekunder. Koleksi utama sumber dengan observasi dan wawancara (teknik sejarah lisan). sumber sekunder terdiri dari bahan diterbitkan, laporan penelitian, dan koran, yang relevan dengan subjek yang sedang dipertimbangkan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ada konsepsi yang sama di antara dua kelompok etnis pada uang, dan utang budaya di bekas Karesidenan Besuki. Uang yang digunakan untuk ekonomi, sosial, politik, dan agama. Ada untuk, peran aktif pemerintah sangat penting untuk mengarahkan orang-orang untuk mengadopsi pola kredit formal hidup dengan melibatkan tokoh-tokoh formal dan informal yang menonjol. 
BUDAYA BANYUMAS SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR IPS DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS Hidayat, Amin
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 21, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v21i1.1031

Abstract

Banyumas culture can be used as a source of learning for junior high students in the region Banyumas. In addition to contributing significantly to the maintenance and preservation of local culture as an integral part of national culture, learning the IPS will be more meaningful for students. Banyumas have the kinds of art, unique cultural traditions, and historical sites with very high philosophical and educational value.The types of art, tradition and history as a component or element of Banyumas Culture which is prominent and important to be appointed are: History of Banyumas, Tradition of Banyumas, Arts and Heritage of Banyumas . Various alternative learning strategies can be chosen and applied social studies teacher in utilizing Banyumas Culture as a source of learning, one of them is, by applying contextual lear-ning model. It is possible to still refer to the applicable curriculum, namely KTSP.   Key words: culture, banyumas, IPS, SMP  
UNSUR-UNSUR KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT PESISIR CILACAP Dini Siswani Mulia, Sugeng Priyadi &
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 2 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i2.2666

Abstract

Local wisdom explains the phenomenon of Watugunung Complex, Sangkuriang Complex, Jaka Sona Complex, and Kamandaka Complex. This phenomenon can be compared to the Oedipus complex phenomena in classical Greek civilization. The similarity phenomenon of Jaka Sona Complex and Oedipus complex is in killing the father. However, Jaka Sona did not marry his mother, even he did not have the desire to his mother while Sangkuriang also killed his father but he failed to marry his mother. Both Watugunung and Oedipus married their mother though Watugunung did not kill his father. Among the five phenomena, only Kamandaka complex is different because he did not kill his father and he did not marry his mother either.  He just wanted to marry a woman who looked like his mother’s face. The local wisdoms happened when healing the disease epidemic by using the three-color oil. Keywords: local wisdom, Oedipus Complex, classical Greek civilization, father’s killing, Tigawarna. Kearifan lokal menjelaskan adanya fenomena Watugunung Complex, Sangkuriang Complex, Jaka Sona Complex, dan Kamandaka Complex. Fenomena tersebut dapat dibandingkan dengan fenomena Oedipus Complex dalam peradaban Yunani klasik. Kesamaan fenomena Jaka Sona Complex dengan Oedipus Complex adalah pembunuhan ayah. Namun, Jaka Sona tidak menyunting ibunya, bahkan ia tidak memiliki hasrat. Sangkuriang juga membunuh ayahnya, tetapi gagal mengawini ibunya. Oedipus dan Watugunung sama-sama mengawini ibunya, tetapi Watugunung tidak membunuh ayahnya. Di antara kelima fenomena tersebut, hanya Kamandaka yang paling ringan karena ia tidak membunuh ayahnya dan tidak mengawini ibunya, melainkan ia mempunyai hasrat terhadap wanita yang mirip dengan wajah ibunya. Muncul kearifan dalam bentuk penyembuhan terhadap wabah penyakit dengan minyak tigawarna. Kata kunci: kearifan lokal, Oedipus Complex, peradaban Yunani klasik, pembunuhan ayah, dan Tigawarna.    
PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DAN GAYA KOGNITIF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SEJARAH Tanjung, Samsidar
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 25, No 2 (2015): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v25i2.5170

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effect of multi-channel teaching media and cognitive styles toward the history learning achievement. This quantitative, experimental study employs a 2X2 factorial design. It involves two independent variables, i.e. multi-channel teaching media (X1) and cognitive styles (X2), and learning achievement (Y) as the dependent variable. Population of the study is all students of the History Education Department who are taking the History of Indonesia 3. Samples are selected from this group using random sampling and are collected by conducting Learning Achievement and Cognitive Style tests. Findings signify that: (1) Teaching activities which utilize teaching media by utility (making use of the environment) bring greater learning achievement compared to those that utilize teaching media by design. (2) There are differences between the learning achievements of students. Those with field-independent cognitive style show better achievement than students who are field-dependent. (3) Findings show that students of the Indonesian History 3 course who were taught using teaching media by utility obtain better learning achievement than those who were taught using teaching media by design. Making use of the media available in the immediate learning environment will make it easier for students to manipulate information that they receive with their respective cognitive structure. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media dan gaya kognitif terhadap hasil belajar sejarah. Penelitian menggunakan eksperimen ini menggunakan desain faktorial 2X2. Ini melibatkan dua variabel independen, yaitu media pembelajaran (X1) dan gaya kognitif (X2), dan prestasi belajar (Y) sebagai variabel dependen. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Sejarah yang mengambil Sejarah Indonesia 3. Sampel dipilih menggunakan random sampling dan dikumpulkan dengan melakukan hasil Belajar dan tes Gaya kognitif. Temuan menandakan bahwa: (1) kegiatan Pengajaran yang memanfaatkan media pembelajaran by utility (memanfaatkan lingkungan) membawa hasil belajar yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan mereka yang memanfaatkan media pembelajaran by design. (2) Ada perbedaan antara prestasi belajar siswa. Mereka dengan gaya kognitif menunjukkan prestasi lebih baik. (3) Temuan menunjukkan bahwa siswa dari kuliah Sejarah Indonesia 3 yang diajarkan menggunakan media pembelajaran by utility memperoleh prestasi belajar yang lebih baik daripada mereka yang diajarkan menggunakan media yang mengajar dengan by design. Memanfaatkan media yang tersedia di lingkungan belajar langsung akan memudahkan siswa untuk memanipulasi informasi yang mereka terima dengan struktur kognitif mereka masing-masing. 
STRATEGI PEMANFAATAN MUSEUM SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PADA MATERI ZAMAN PRASEJARAH Ahmad, Tsabit Azinar
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 20, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v20i1.1092

Abstract

Efforts of understanding of prehistoric material having the main obstacle, namely the long stretch of time between prehistoric times to the present. Therefore, it is necessary to solve how to increase student understanding of prehistoric material. This problem is the main subject of this research. This study aims to reveal how the museum can be used as instructional media of prehistoric times, so hopefully be able to improve student understanding of prehistoric times. One of the efforts to increase student understanding of prehistoric material can be done by using the museum as a medium of learning. This is due to the fact that museum offers media complexity which is very helpful for students in getting historical information. Utilization of the museum as a medium of learning history, in addition to providing recreational aspects for students, is also able to provide visualization, interpretation, and generalization about an historical event. Therefore, as an effort to improve student understanding of prehistoric material, it is necessary to optimize the use of instructional media in the form of museums.   Keywords: Museums, Media of Learning, Prehistoric Period Upaya pemahaman  materi zaman prasejarah mengalami  kendala utama, yaitu rentangan waktu yang panjang antara zaman prasejarah dengan masa sekarang. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya penyelesaian bagaimana upaya peningkatan pemahaman pelajar terhadap materi zaman prasejarah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana museum dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran zaman prasejarah, sehingga diharapkan mampu untuk meningkatkan pemahaman pelajar terhadap zaman prasejarah. Salah satu upaya peningkatan  pemahaman pelajar tentang materi zaman prasejarah dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan museum sebagai media pembelajaran. Hal ini karena museum menawarkan  kompleksitas media yang sangat membantu pelajar dalam memperoleh informasi kesejarahan. Pemanfaatan museum sebagai media pembelajaran sejarah, selain memberikan aspek rekreasi bagi pelajar, juga mampu memberikan visualisasi, interpretasi, dan generalisasi tentang suatu peristiwa sejarah. Oleh karena itu, sebagai upaya peningkatan pemahaman pelajar tentang materi zaman prasejarah perlu adanya optimalisasi penggunaan media pembelajaran berupa  museum.   Kata kunci: Museum, Media Pembelajaran, Zaman Prasejarah  
POLITIK PERKAWINAN DAN POLA PEWARISAN KEKUASAAN DI KONFEDERASI AJATAPPARENG, SULAWESI SELATAN Latif, Abdul
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 24, No 1 (2014): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v24i1.2913

Abstract

This study analyze the motivations of political marriage or marriage politics in South Sulawesi, especially in the five kingdoms that are members of the Ajatappareng Confederation. This paper also described how politics shape political marriage or a marriage if it is associated with the prevailing pattern of inheritance of power in the Confederation Ajatappareng. This study finds out that the kings in the Ajatappareng Confederation do not follow thepattern of  ideal Bugis marriage, that is a marriage pattern with close relatives.  A marriage of the kings in  Ajatappareng Confederation is motivated by power. Hence,  the kings married with the other king or the noble aristocrat from  Tomanurung generation, because just a man who has high rank of nobility can be a king. Keywords: political marriage, power inheritance, Ajatappareng Confederation, South Sulawesi Penelitian ini mengkaji motivasi dari perkawinan politik atau politik perkawinan di Sulawesi Selatan, khususnya di lima kerajaan Bugis yang menjadi anggota Konfederasi Ajatappareng. Selain itu dideskripsikan pula bagaimanakah bentuk perkawinan politik atau politik perkawinan jika dikaitkan dengan pola pewarisan kekuasaan yang berlaku di Konfederasi Ajatappareng. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa raja-raja di Konfederasi Ajatappareng tidak mengikuti pola perkawinan ideal Bugis yaitu pola perkawinan dengan kerabat dekat. Perkawinan raja-raja di Konfederasi Ajatappareng adalah bermotivasikan kekuasaan. Karena itu, para raja melakukan perkawinan dengan sesama raja atau bangsawaan yang murni generasi Tomanurung, karena hanya mereka yang derajat darah kebangsawanannya tinggi yang bisa dilantik menjadi raja. Kata Kunci: perkawinan politik, politik perkawinan, Konfederasi Ajatappareng, Sulawesi Selatan.
KREATIVITAS EKONOMI MASYARAKAT LOKAL DI KERESIDENAN JEPARA 1830-1900 Alamsyah, Alamsyah
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 23, No 1 (2013): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v23i1.2495

Abstract

The research shows that in the period of 1830-1900 the inhabitants of Jepara Residency were quite dynamic even though the economic principle had moved from maritime to agrarian. The inhabitants’ creativity which was based on soft skill raised the economic autonomy. They did not rely on the maritime and plantation economy so much. However, the plantation economy gave an opportunity for the creative economy to be born. Then, the inhabitants’ economic creativity created industry and indigenous handicraft. The introduction of export plants which was supported by capitalism did not raise the inhabitants’ dependence towards the colonial economic system. What happened precisely was the interdependence between government, capitalist and inhabitants. When the colonial economic penetration was more intensive, the people were able to adapt to the economic change without being dependent upon the colonial economic structure. It was shown by the inhabitants’ alternative economy. Key words: economic creativity, local society, Jepara residency  Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada periode 1830-1900 penduduk Keresidenan Jepara cukup dinamis meskipun prinsip ekonomi telah berpindah dari maritim ke agraris. Kreativitas penduduk yang didasarkan pada soft skill mengangkat otonomi ekonomi. Mereka tidak begitu banyak bergantung pada ekonomi maritim dan ekonomi perkebunan. Namun, ekonomi perkebunan memberikan kesempatan bagi ekonomi kreatif untuk berkembang. Kemudian, kreativitas ekonomi penduduk menciptakan industri dan kerajinan asli. Pengenalan tanaman ekspor yang didukung oleh kapitalisme tidak meningkatkan ketergantungan penduduk terhadap sistem ekonomi kolonial. Apa yang terjadi justru adalah saling bergantungnya antara pemerintah, kapitalis dan penduduk. Ketika penetrasi ekonomi kolonial lebih intensif, orang-orang mampu beradaptasi dengan perubahan ekonomi tanpa bergantung kepada struktur ekonomi kolonial. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya ekonomi alternatif penduduk. Kata kunci: kreativitas ekonomi, masyarakat lokal, karesidenan Jepara
LANSKAP KOLONIAL KOTA BAUBAU SEBUAH PUSAKA PENINGGALAN MASA KOLONIAL DI SULAWESI TENGGARA Syahadat, Ray March; Arifin, Nurhayati H.S.; Arifin, Hadi Susilo
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 25, No 2 (2015): PARAMITA
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v25i2.5130

Abstract

Baubau is appointed as one of heritage cities in Indonesia because it has many historical inheritances. Although Baubau becomes an autonomous region in 2001, some historical records show that  the city has been existed long time ago and passed some phases. One of those phases is the development era by the Dutch Indies Government.  There are many inheritances from colonial period in the city even it is called as the largest in the Province of Southeast Sulawesi. Unfortunately, there are not many research and inventory by related stakeholders toward the colonial heritages in the city. This research aims to record or to list of current assets and to analyze the landscape characteristics of colonial heritages  located in Baubau. The result shows that there are four historical landscapes which save the colonial heritage objects namely the colonial ladscape and early independence day (51 objects), Palabusa (4 objects), Wakonti (1 object), and Chinatown (5 objects). The character  which constructs of the three landscapes generally consist of buildings, structures, and monuments with art deco style. Baubau ditetapkan menjadi salah satu kota pusaka Indonesia karena menyimpan banyak peninggalan sejarah. Meskipun Baubau menjadi daerah otonom pada tahun 2001 tetapi berbagai catatan sejarah menunjukkan bahwa kota ini telah ada sejak zaman dulu dan telah melalui beberapa fase. Salah satunya ialah masa pembangunan oleh pemerintah Hindia Belanda. Banyak peninggalan zaman kolonial di kota ini bahkan bisa dikatakan yang terbanyak se-Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Sayangnya belum banyak penelitian maupun inventarisasi dari stakeholders terkait terhadap peninggalan kolonial di kota ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisasi serta menganalisis karakter lanskap  peninggalan masa kolonial yang berada di Kota Baubau. Hasil yang diperoleh, terdapat empat lanskap sejarah yang menyimpan objek-objek peninggalan zaman kolonial yaitu lanskap kolonial dan awal kemerdekaan (51 objek), Palabusa (4 objek), Wakonti (1 objek), dan pecinan (5 objek). Karakter yang menyusun ketiga lanskap tersebut umumnya berupa bangunan, struktur, dan monumen bergaya art deco. 
KONDISI PARTAI PERSATUAN PEMBANGUNAN KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO TAHUN 1987-2004 Rusidi, Zain Nur
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 21, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v21i2.1038

Abstract

United Development Party (Partai Persatuan Pembangunan) is a party founded on January 5, 1973 as a combination of four Islamic party in those days, namely Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muslim Party of Indonesia (Permusi), Party of Sarekat IslamIndonesia (PSII), and Party of Persatuan Tarbiyah Indonesia. At every election, the PPP vote is always up and down. Factors affecting the decline in the PPP vote in every election is a protracted internal conflict, lack of preparation in dealing with elections, enactment of a single principle, member withdrawal done by NU, multi-party system re-enactment. While the factors influencing the rise in the PPP vote in every election is the easing of internal conflict in the United Development Party, the more vocal of the United Development Party (FPP) in the House, the PDI internal conflict.   Key Word: general election, political party, PPP    Partai Persatuan Pembangunan adalah salah satu yang didirikan pada tanggal 5 Januari 1973 sebagai gabungan dari empat partai Islam pada masa itu, yakni Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Partai Muslim Indonesia (Permusi), Partai Sarekat Islam Indonesia (PSII), dan Partai Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah. Pada setiap pemilihan umum, suara PPP selalu naik turun. Faktor yang mempengaruhi menurunnya perolehan suara PPP dalam setiap Pemilu adalah konflik internal yang berkepanjangan, kurangnya persiapan dalam menghadapi Pemilu, diberlakukannya asas tunggal, penggembosan oleh NU, berlakunya kembali sistem multi partai. Sedangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi naiknya perolehan suara PPP dalam setiap Pemilu adalah meredanya konflik intern Partai Persatuan Pembangunan, semakin vokalnya Fraksi Persatuan Pembangunan (FPP) di DPR, adanya konflik intern PDI.   Kata kunci: Pemilihan umum, partai politik, PPP  

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