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INDONESIA
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 23030623     EISSN : 24072370     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This journal presents articles and information on research, development and applications in biomass conversion processes (thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion) and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass. A biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstock. A biorefinery could, for example, produce one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel or bioethanol (see also alcohol fuel). The high-value products increase profitability, the high-volume fuel helps meet energy needs, and the power production helps to lower energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traditional power plant facilities. Future biorefineries may play a major role in producing chemicals and materials that are traditionally produced from petroleum.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 426 Documents
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ADSORPTION OF NICKEL IN NICKEL SULPHATE SOLUTION (NISO4) BY LAPINDO MUD Sa'diyah, Khalimatus; Syarwani, Muchamad; Hadiantoro, Sigit
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.7963

Abstract

This research has been carried out to produce adsorbent from Lapindo mud through various activation process, to adsorb nickel from nickel sulfate solution. Several investigations were performed in this research such as characterization of Lapindo mud before and after activation, effect of physical, chemical and chemico-physical activation to Si/Al ratio and determine the most effective method to produce adsorbent with high adsorption rate. Lapindo mud in this research was prepared through several methods such as without activation, calcination at 500 °C for 3 hours, chemical activation with 6 N HCl under reflux for 6 hours, chemical activation with 6 N NaOH under reflux for 6 hours, chemical activation with 6 N HCl under reflux followed by calcination process and the last treatment is chemical activation with 6 N NaOH under reflux followed by calcination process. The object of this research is the Lapindo mud adsorbent ability to adsorb Ni from NiSO4 solution. While activation methods and nickel concentration in this become independent variable. The reduction of nickel concentration efficiency is determined by the nickel concentration before and after adsorption process. The Si/Al ratio of Lapindo mud before activation process was 3.01 and it increase as the mud is activated. The highest Si/Al ratio was found at activation using HCl which is 7.85. Chemical activation using NaOH was found to be the best method to create the adsorbent with adsorption capacity 98.3%.
Phosphate Release from Slow Release fertilizer using a mixture of Chitosan and Potato Flour as a coating Rengga, Wara Dyah Pita; Mubarok, Muhammad Afnan; Cahyarini, Nindy Septian
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 1 (2019): June 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i1.15289

Abstract

Indonesia has a high fertilizer demand because its use is easily dissolved during watering, so the fertilization process is inefficient. On the other hand, crab shells accumulate every year because the waste is almost 50% of the initial weight. One way to overcome this problem is to make a modified fertilizer into a slow release fertilizer by adding a bio-gel layer from chitosan and potato flour. The hydrophobic properties of chitosan and potato powder were chosen in addition to the amylopectin content of potato flour more than other types of starch. Then chitosan was dissolved using acetic acid, while potato starch was dissolved by distilled water by heating 76oC. Both mixtures are added to the fertilizer then stirred until the compost is coated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the morphology and composition of the products. Addition of thickness to the outer layer of manure reached 35.56 µm. The O-H function group is found in the spectrum of potassium and phosphorus which shows that there is a hydrogen bond in chitosan and potato flour. The most substantial swelling is obtained at the K (chitosan): P (potato flour) ratio of 3:7. The wet retention test showed that the addition of chitosan and potato flour was able to withstand soil retention. In the release test for Phosphorus shows good results at a value of 0.923 mg/L.
EKSTRAKSI PEKTIN DARI KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT HCl SEBAGAI EDIBLE FILM Megawati, Megawati; Machsunah, Elfi Lutfiyatul
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 1 (2016): June 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i1.4177

Abstract

Pisang merupakan buah yang sering dikonsumsi oleh manusia, baik secara langsung setelahbuahnya matang ataupun diolah menjadi makanan lain. Kulit pisang biasanya hanya dibuang menjadi limbah, padahal didalam pisang terdapat kandungan pektin sebanyak 22,4%. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi pektin dengan bahan dasar kulit pisang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis pisang yang banyak mengandung pektin, pengaruh variasi bahan serta jenis pelarut yang menghasilkan pektin maksimum. Percobaan dilakukan memakai  pisang kepok yang dikeringkan dan diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut dengan suhu ekstraksi 600 W, variasi berat bahan 10 dan 15 gram dengan waktu ekstraksi 20 menit. Dengan pelarut HCl. Hasil ekstraksi ditambahkan dengan etanol hingga terbentuk endapan, kemudian disaring dan di oven pada suhu 65 0C sampai berat konstan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menggunakan metode MAE kadar yield nya yaitu 16,53% lebih besar daripada menggunakan metode konvensional kadar yield nya yaitu 12,8%.
THE SYNTHESIS OF GLYCEROL CARBONATE FROM BIODIESEL BYPRODUCT GLYCEROL AND UREA OVER AMBERLYST 36 Senania, Astri; Sulistyo, Hary; Prasetya, Agus
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.7691

Abstract

The increasing use of biodiesel as renewable fuels leads to the increasing of glycerol amount as a byproduct of biodiesel production. One of the glycerol derivative products that is environmentally friendly and renewable is glycerol carbonate. Glycerol carbonate is commonly used as a raw material for polymers, surfactants, emulsifiers, lubricants, paints, also used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, the research was carried out by using a batch reactor with a three-neck flask equipped with reverse cooling, thermometers, mercury stirrer, and heating mantle with the conditions of the reaction temperature around 373 – 413 K, mole ratio of reactants of urea: glycerol were 1:0,5, 1:1, 1:1,5, 1:2 and 1:4  and the concentration of catalyst were 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% respectively. Reaction was done for four hours. The results showed that the formation of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea using a catalyst Amberlyst 36 is affected by the catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and the ratio of reactants used. The highest glycerol conversion was obtained at 55.07% at a temperature of 393 K with mole ratio of urea and glycerol 1:0,5 and the percentage of catalyst 3% of the amount of glycerol.
Synthesis of ZnO/CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste for Biodiesel Production Wicaksono, Dino; Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 1 (2019): June 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i1.20185

Abstract

The diminishing of fossil fuel reserve has raised a consideration on the renewable energy development. Biodiesel is among the promising renewable energy which is feasible for large-scale production. Biodiesel is generally synthesized through the alkaline-catalyst transesterification of vegetable oil. The common catalyst for biodiesel is homogeneous base catalysts which are active but show several drawbacks related to the environmental aspects. Therefore, development of heterogeneous alkaline catalyst for biodiesel production is critical. CaO catalyst is considered a favourable heterogeneous base catalyst for transesterification reaction and it can be derived from various natural resources. In this work, CaO catalyst from eggshell was synthesized from eggshell waste. To improve the catalyst activity, CaO was combined with ZnO active metal, resulting ZnO/CaO catalyst. In this research, the development, characterization, and application of ZnO/CaO catalyst for waste cooking oil (WCO) transesterification to produce biodiesel has been investigated. Various concentration of ZnO was combined with CaO to determine the best formulation of ZnO/CaO catalyst development. It was demonstrated that the addition of ZnO active metal on CaO catalyst could remarkably improve the biodiesel yield through WCO transesterification reaction. The addition of 6% ZnO active metal on CaO, forming ZnO/CaO 6% catalyst, has exhibited the optimal enhancement of biodiesel yield. Furthermore, it was found that the optimum amount of ZnO/CaO 6% catalyst added in the reaction system was 3% w/w catalyst/WCO.
“Batik” Industry Wastewater Treatment via Coagulation-Flocculation Process and Adsorption Using Teak Sawdust Based Activated Carbon Handayani, Prima Astuti; Cholifah, Umi; Ulviana, Ria; Chafidz, Achmad
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 1 (2019): June 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i1.20144

Abstract

Untreated wastewater of Batik industry can pollute the environment because it contains metal compound, COD, BOD, which are higher than the allowable values. Therefore, a treatment of this wastewater prior discharging to water stream (i.e. river) is very important. This research aims to investigate the use of Teak sawdust as activated carbon, and also the effect of adsorbent concentration, adsorption contact time, as well as coagulation-flocculation-adsorption sequencing process to the level of COD, BOD, and Zn in Batik wastewater. The Batik wastewater used for this research obtained from Batik industry in Rembang, which mostly used naphtol as the coloring agent. The wastewater was initially treated by coagulation-flocculation process, followed by adsorption process. The coagulant-flocculant used in this research was 1 g/L of alum and 3 g/L of lime. Whereas, the adsorbent used was activated carbon made from Teak sawdust with variation of concentrations: 10, 16, 23, and 26 g/L. Whereas, the adsorption contact times were 20, 40, 100, 160, and 220 minutes. The results showed that the coagulation-flocculation process was able to decrease the levels of COD, BOD, and Zn by 73.28%, 73.62%, and 79.21% respectively. Additionally, the adsorption process by activated carbon also further decreased the levels of COD, BOD, and Zn significantly. Based on the results, the optimum concentration of activated that gave the best result was 26 g/L with 220 minutes contact time. Overall, the combination of coagulation-flocculation and adsorption sequencing process was able to decrease the level of COD, BOD, and Zn up to 96.69%, 96.90%, and 91.90% respectively.
DRYING KINETICS OF OIL PALM FROND WASTE USING SIMPLE BATCH OVEN DRYER Halim, Abdul; Triwibowo, Bayu
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 1 (2016): June 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i1.4151

Abstract

Drying phenomena of oil palm frond waste as agriculture waste was observed using simple batch oven dryer. The operation temperatures were 50, 80 and 120 °C. The sample of oil palm frond was weighed periodically every 30 minutes. Moisture content, shrinkage phenomena and drying kinetic model were investigated to the difference operation temperature. Experimental result exhibited that temperature influent significantly to the drying rate. The water transport controlled by diffuse mechanism. Shrinkage occurred in radial direction and decreased the size to almost 65% from initial size. In longitudinal direction almost is not change of size.  
BIOFUEL PRODUCTION FROM PALM OLEIN BY CATALYTIC CRACKING PROCESS USING ZSM-5 CATALYST Tambun, Rondang; Gusti, Oktris Novali; Nasution, Muhammad Anshori; Saptawaldi, Rangga Pramana
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.8733

Abstract

The depletion of fossil energy reserves raises the potential in the development of renewable fuels from vegetable oils. Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world, where palm oil can be converted into biofuels such as biogasoline, kerosene and biodiesel. These biofuels are environmentally friendly and free of the content of nitrogen and sulfur through catalytic cracking process. In this research, palm olein is used as feedstock using catalytic cracking process. ZSM-5 is used as a catalyst, which has a surface area of 425 m2/g and Si/Al ratio of 50. Variables varied are the operating temperature of 375 oC - 450 °C and reaction time of 60 minutes - 150 minutes. The result shows that the highest yield of liquid product is 84.82%. This yield is obtained at a temperature of 400 °C and reaction time of 120 minutes. The yield of the liquid product in the operating conditions consisting of C6-C12 amounted to 19.47 %, C14-C16 amounted to 16.56 % and the C18-C28 amounted to 48.80 %.
THE KINETICS BOTH OF GROWTH AND METABOLITE PRODUCTION OF X.CAMPESTRIS USING OF 4% LIQUID SUGAR SUBSTRATE FROM CASSAVA HYDROLISATE Djenar, Nancy Siti; Mulyono, Edi Wahyu Sri
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.7950

Abstract

X. campestris is aerobic bacteria producing extracellular biopolymers (EPS, extracellular polysaccharide) known as xanthan gum. To determine the technology and the process conditions appropriate to the formation of this product, therefore the understanding of both the kinetics of growth and metabolite production of bacteria is needed. In this research, to assess the growth of X. campestris using the method of calculation of dry cell weight. For determining the kinetics of production of metabolite used substrates of 4% liquid sugar  from cassava starch hydrolysate. From this research was showed that X. campestris maximum growth in NB medium obtained in about 58thhour, at the growth rate of about 0.04 g / hour, stationary phase obtained at the 60th hour with a maximum dry cell weight of 2.7688 g/L and specific growth rate (μ) of X. campestris amounted to 0.043 hour-1. Based on the kinetic curves both on growth and its metabolite production, X.campestris has non-growth associated product pattern. In this case the production of  xanthan gum  occured after cell growth stopped then  its product is a secondary metabolite with highest amount  of 3.73 g / L at 102nd hour, ie the 4th day of fermentation. Overall of this research indicated that  Nutrient Broth (NB) may be used for the growth of X. campestris. But based on the value of μ above, the rate of cell reproduction was still low. Liquid sugar can be used as a substrate to produce xanthan gum. However to increase its productivity, there should be an addition of other carbon or energy and nitrogen sources.
Potential of Chitosan From Local Crab (Portunus Pelagicus) to Enhance Storability of Musa Paradisiaca L. Buanasari, Buanasari; Sugiyo, Warlan; Fitriani, Nur; Suryaningsih, Suryaningsih
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 1 (2019): June 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i1.16423

Abstract

Potential waste of local crab carapace (Portunus pelagicus) as a source of chitosan as an active layer that can protect bananas has been studied. The process in this study consists of three stages. The first stage was the isolation of chitin through deproteinization process using 2.0 N NaOH solution with a ratio of 1:6 w/v and demineralization process using 1.5 N HCl solution with a ratio of 1:12 w/v. The second stage is the deacetylation stage using 50% NaOH solution with a ratio of 1:20 w/v. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy is used to determine the degree of deacetylation. The third stage is the banana coating application using chitin solution to determine the shelf life of bananas with variations in levels of 2, 2.5, 3 and 3,5 % w/v by immersion method for one hour. It was found that carapace crab, a part that was underutilized from crab, gave rise to chitin deacetylation with a deacetylation rate of 62.11%; pH 8.9 and water content of 7.677%. Chitosan-based coatings are applied to fresh bananas and are found to increase fruit firmness, and inhibit browning. The results show that chitosan-coated bananas have a longer storage time. The application of chitin deacetylated (chitosan) as fruit banana coater found that higher coater levels extend the shelf life of bananas with the best coater content is 3% b/v. It results in a shelf life of bananas for up to 12 days, this is longer than bananas without chitosan layer which only has a shelf life of four days. Increased coating rates have a positive effect on the shelf life of bananas. This study shows that waste from carapace crabs can be used to form active layers that can preserve fruit.

Page 17 of 43 | Total Record : 426

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