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INDONESIA
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 23030623     EISSN : 24072370     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This journal presents articles and information on research, development and applications in biomass conversion processes (thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion) and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass. A biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstock. A biorefinery could, for example, produce one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel or bioethanol (see also alcohol fuel). The high-value products increase profitability, the high-volume fuel helps meet energy needs, and the power production helps to lower energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traditional power plant facilities. Future biorefineries may play a major role in producing chemicals and materials that are traditionally produced from petroleum.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 426 Documents
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EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI PEKTIN DARI BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi,L) Roikah, Sri; Rengga, Wara Dyah Pita; Latifah, Latifah; Kusumastuti, Ella
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 1 (2016): June 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i1.5432

Abstract

Telah dilakukan ekstraksi pektin dari belimbing wuluhdengan variasi  suhu ekstraksi  60 dan 100°C, serta variasi waktu ekstraksi 30, 60, 90 dan 120 menit.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui suhu dan waktu ekstraksi terbaik. Proses ekstraksi dengan metode refluks menggunakan air destilatyang telah ditambahkan dengan asam klorida. Proses selanjutnya adalah pengendapkan,pencucian dan pengeringan. Pektin yang dihasilkan dianalisis kemudian pektin terbaik dipilih menggunakan perhitungan metode Bayes. Kondisi ekstraksi pektin terbaik adalah pada suhu 100°C dengan waktu ekstraksi 30 menit  dengan karakteristik sebagai beerikut: rendemen 0,38%, kadar abu 2,92%, kadar air 25,40%, berat ekivalen 650,77%, kadar metoksil 5,01%, kadar galakturonat 55,51%, derajat esterifikasi 51,25% dan viskositas 22cP. Pektin  hasil ekstraksi terbaik telah memenuhi standarInternational  Pectin Producers Assosiation (IPPA). Pektin terbaik memiliki warna coklat yang lebih gelap dibandingkan dengan pektin komersial. Hasil analisis FT-IR menunjukkan pektin terbaik dan pektin komersial  keduanya mengandung gugus fungsi O-H, C-H alifatik, C=O, CH3, dan C-O.
THE PRODUCTION OF BREADFRUIT FLOUR: EFFECT OF HEATER TEMPERATURE TO THE DRYING RATE AND TIME OF THE BREADFRUIT Sari, Denni Kartika; Lestari, Retno Sulistyo Dhamar
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.7168

Abstract

The composition of mineral and vitamin from breadfruit is particularly known of having benefits compared to rice which is a main source of carbohydrate consumed by societies. The process of drying is one of the factors that affects foodstuffs quality. The aim of this research was to provide an understanding of drying phenomena from data experiment and discover the influence of drying air temperature to breadfruit drying time and rates. This research was conducted in several stages which are material preparation (breadfruit) by through downsizing process, then weigh the material (breadfruit) once every 5 minutes on each drying air  temperature variations (50 ºC, 60 oC, 70 oC, and 80 oC). The research were conducted using breadfruit with the best drying time which is obtained at 60 0C for 100 minutes. The lowest water content obtained was 0.4%, while the highest drying rate was 0.00144 Kg2/m2.s at 80 ºC of temperature.
The Effect of H2SO4 Concentration and Micro Wave Power in Microwave Assisted Hydrolysis of Furfural Production from Empty Palm Fruit Bunches Kusyanto, Kusyanto; Rahmadina, Suci
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 1 (2019): June 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i1.15425

Abstract

Empty fruit bunches (EFB), which are wastes from fresh palm fruit bunches, are one of organic wastes from palm oil processing industries as much as 23% of the total production. The utilization of this waste, which has a high economic value, is still not optimum although it has been used as a boiler fuel. In fact, EFB has a high economic value if processed further. The EFB as a waste can be processed using hydrolysis method to obtain its pentosan content and changed into furfural with the addition of acid as a catalyst. The objectives of this research are to find out the optimum yield on the sulfuric acid concentration and the effects of the power of microwaves used on hydrolysis process of EFB. On this hydrolysis process, 10 grams of  EFB was added with 250ml of sulfuric acid with the variations of 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, and 18%, and microwave was used with the power variations of 400W, 600W, and 800W for 75 minutes. The analysis method used in this study to determine the furfural contentis Gas Chromatography (GC). The results showed the highest furfural content was obtained at H2SO4concentration of 9% with 800W power on the microwave and the concentration of 0.39 mg/mL and furfural yield of 0.9620%. 
Inoculum Selection and Micro-Aeration for Biogas Production in Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Damayanti, Sri Ismiyati; Astiti, Dian Fitriani; Purnomo, Chandra Wahyu; Sarto, Sarto; Budhijanto, Wiratni
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 1 (2019): June 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i1.16318

Abstract

Two-stage anaerobic fluidized bed is an innovation in anaerobic digestion technology intended to handle liquid waste with high organic loading and complex substrate. The process is based on separation between acidogenic/acetogenic and methanogenic processes. The first stage is anaerobic process to convert substrate (represented as soluble chemical oxygen demand/sCOD) into volatile fatty acids (VFA). The second stage is methanogenic process to convert VFA into biogas. This study aimed to separate acidogenic/acetogenic and methanogenic processes by means of limited injection of air (micro-aeration) and inoculum selection. Micro-aeration was introduced in acidogenic/acetogenic stage because the relevant microbes were facultative so that the obligate anaerobic methanogens will be suppressed. On the other hand, the methanogenic reactor was kept completely anaerobic to ensure methanogenic dominance over acidogenic/acetogenic ones. Two sources of inoculums were used in this study, i.e. anaerobically digested biodiesel waste and anaerobically digested cow manure. Both inoculums were taken from active biogas reactor treating biodiesel waste and cow manure, respectively. Experiments were run in batch reactors treating palm oil mill effluent (POME) as the substrate for the acidogenic/acetogenic reactor. After the reaction in the first stage reached the minimum substrate concentration, the content of the reactor was used as the substrate for the methanogenic reactor as the second stage. Routine measurements were taken for sCOD and VFA concentrations, biogas production, and methane concentration in the biogas. Results confirmed that micro-aeration maintained good performance of acidogenic/acetogenic process, which was indicated by peaks in VFA accumulation, while suppressing methanogenic activities as no methane produced in this stage. Digested biodiesel waste was superior inoculum to be compared to digested cow manure with respect to sCOD removal. In the methanogenic stage, digested biodiesel waste also performed better as inoculum as it led to higher VFA conversion, higher biogas production rate, and higher methane content in the biogas. 
BIOKONVERSI SERAT KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI GLUKOSA DENGAN DILUTED-ACID HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT Nata, Iryanti Fatyasari; Norlina, Norlina; Pangesti, Mira
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 1 (2016): June 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i1.5264

Abstract

Fiber cake (FC) is a one of effluent of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry. This effluent can be decreased by using FC for bioethanol production. FC is actually Palm Kernel Press Cake (PKC) a residue of palm oil extraction, which containing 57.9% cellulose and 18% klason lignin, and containing 14.94% hemicellulose. This study aimed to determined the effect of fiber concentrations and reaction time for  glucose production to investigate the structure of morphology and crystalinity of the fiber cake before and after hydrothermal treatment. Fiber cake was treated by hydrothermal reactor using catalysts 2% H2SO4 (v/v) and 150 oC for 2 hour. Variations concentration of fiber cake which is 2.5%; 5%; 7.5%; and 10% w/v and time variations for 1, 2, 3, 4 hours. The highest glucose concentration was found at  2.5% FC for 3 hour about 2.336 ± 0.015 mg/mL. Scanning electron microscope (SEM analysis results and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) is known the smooth surface structure to be broken an rough after the hydrolysis process and also improvement of the crystal structure of fiber cake from 27.57% to 31.15%.
ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM FERMENTATION OF ARUM MANIS MANGO SEEDS (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) USING Saccharomyces Crevisiaea Masturi, Masturi; cristina, amelia; Istiana, Nurul; Sunarno, Sunarno; Dwijananti, Pratiwi
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.8139

Abstract

The increase of energy needs coupled with the decline in fossil fuel production, requires other sources of energy to meet those needs. One of the solution is using renewable energy. Bioethanol is one of the alternatives to the fossil fuel. This study was aimed at determining the exact mass of mango seeds in producing high grade bioethanol. Bioethanol was produced by fermentation of arum manis mango fruit seed using baker's yeast, Sacczharomyces cerevisiae.  The arum manis mango seeds were known to contain carbohydrate contents of 19.53%. The study was conducted by using different mass of mango seeds 25, 35 and 45 g resectively. The study showed that the samples of 25, 35 and 45 g produce ethanol with concentration of 4.78, 6.64 and 1.48%. These results indicated that the mass of 35 g mango seeds produced highest ethanol content.
THE SYNTHESIS OF CHITOSAN POLYMER MEMBRANE/PVA AS AN ECO-FRIENDLY BATTERY FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCE Widiarti, Nuni; Sumarni, Woro; Setyaningrum, Lysa
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.6880

Abstract

The eco-friendly materials which have not commonly developed as energy storage alternative sources are solid electrolytes. Chitosan is one of the natural polymer potentially used as the material of solid electrolytes. The purpose of this study is to determine the conductivity value of chitosan polymer’s electrolytes-PVA-glutaraldehyde-NH4Br by varying amount of chitosan and ammonium bromide salt (NH4Br). The polymer electrolyte membrane was made using phase inversion method. Electrolyte polymer is made by mixing chitosan, PVA, glutaraldehyde, and NH4Br to become homogenous liquid and then printed it in petri dish. Polymer electrolyte with chitosan variation of 2; 2.4; 2.8 and 3.2 g has highest ionic conductivity of 1.4983 x 10-2 S/cm with the addition of 2.8 g that can be used as the optimum composition. The variations of salt (NH4Br) were 0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 and 1 g has the highest ionic conductivity in the point of 2.4385 x 10-2 S/cm with the addition of 0.6 g. The characterization result of FTIR shows OH group at the wavenumber of 3362.02  cm-1, C-O group at 1740.43 cm-1, and C=N group at 1542.41 cm-1. Synthesized polymer can be used as a battery that has 0.43 V voltage.
The Utilization of Fiddle-Leaf Fig Waste Into Food Preservative Astuti, Erna; Mufrodi, Zahrul
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 1 (2019): June 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i1.19859

Abstract

Fiddle-leaf Fig is a tree that is widely used as a protective or plants or shade. This plant is usually found on the side of the road, in the office area and as houseplants.  The presence of fiddle-leaf fig leaves that fall from the tree will be a waste for the environment. This study proposes utilization of fiddle-leaf fig waste by pyrolysis method using pyrolysis triple condenser. Thermal analysis was done before experiments using a thermo gravimetric analyzer in the range of temperature of room temperature until 1000 ºC. Process was carried out at heating temperature of 350ºC, 375ºC, 400ºC, 425ºC, 450ºC, 475ºC and 500ºC. The product of pyrolysis were obtained from liquid coming out from the residue container, the first and second condenser, and the smoke is coming out from the third condenser. The smokes were absorbed with water. Further, all of the liquid were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). The analysis results show that the main components of pyrolysis liquid products are carboxylic acids, ketones, alcohols, and alkanes. There is gasoline and kerosene in the liquid, so it has the potential to become bio-oil. The largest potential of fiddle-leaf fig waste is as raw material for food preservative because it contains many carboxylic acid compounds.
EXTRACTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM PETAI LEAVES (PARKIA SPECIOSA HASSK.) USING MICROWAVE AND ULTRASOUND ASSISTED METHODS Buanasari, Buanasari; Eden, Willy Tirza; Sholichah, Ayu Ina
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.7793

Abstract

The antioxidant has an activity to neutralize free radical compound that the body needs to avoid damage cells and tissues. Phenolic is one of the compounds that have an antioxidant activity. The influences of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) conditions on phenolic compounds of Parkia speciosa Hassk. leaves were investigated. The effects of temperature (40°C, 50°C, 60°C and 70°C), time (10, 30 and 50 minutes) and material-solvent ratio (1:10, 1:13, 1:15 ) were evaluated based on the yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity. The result showed that the highest yield (15.82%) was obtained at 1:15 (w/w) of material-solvent ratio, 50°C of temperature and 50 minutes of extraction time for MAE. The highest yield of UAE is 15.53% that sample was obtained at 1:13 (w/w) of material-solvent ratio, 60°C of optimal temperature and 30 minutes extraction time. The highest IC50 of UAE method extract was 52.55 ppm, while the extract obtained using MAE method was 50.44 ppm. UAE is more stable at higher temperatures. Time and solvent which was used more efficient than MAE. Extract of petai leaves (Parkia speciosa Hassk.) were very potential to be used as a source of natural antioxidants because they have IC50 values from 41.39 to 66.00 ppm. Its antioxidants capacity is ranged from strong to very strong capacity.
Taylor-Couette Column for Emulsion Liquid Membrane System: Characterisation Study Kusumastuti, Adhi; Anis, Samsudin; Najibulloh, Gunawan Muhammad
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 1 (2019): June 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i1.20162

Abstract

Study on the application of Taylor-Couette column for emulsion liquid membrane system has been done. To optimise extraction process under TCC, a research to investigate effect of viscosity and cylinders rotation is of important. Fluid viscosity was examined by varying volume ratio of kerosene to water. TCC was characterised to determine flow regimes, shear stress, and energy loss distribution. Volume ratio of oil to water was varied at 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 1:6 while inner and outer cylinders speed were maintained constant at 300 and 200 rpm, respectively. Investigation on the effect of volume ratio of oil to water towards flow regime ended to same flow regime of Featureless Turbulent. There was degradation of wall shear stress from 8.57x10-2 Pa to 7.42x10-2 Pa.

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