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Althea Medical Journal
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23374330     DOI : 10.15850/amj
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Althea Medical Journal (AMJ) is a peer reviewed electronic scientific publication journal which is published every 3 months (March, June, September, and December). Althea Medical Journal publishes articles related to research in biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, family-community medicine, and public health.
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Articles 1,068 Documents
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Correlation between Vertebral Slippage in Spondylolisthesis with Ligamentum Flavum Thickening in Dr. Soebandi Hospital, Jember, East Java, Indonesia Heni Fatmawati; Alvin Candra; Nindya Shinta Rumastika; Al Munawir; Muhamad Hasan; I Nyoman Semita
Althea Medical Journal Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v10n1.2794

Abstract

Background: Spondylolisthesis is a vertebral slip condition that compromises the body’s axial alignment and structures such as ligamentum flavum. The ligamentum flavum thickening may play a role in spondylolisthesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the slippage of vertebral body (spondylolisthesis) with ligamentum flavum thickening as a tissue response regarding increased mechanical stress.Methods: An analytical retrospective radiological observational was used a cross-sectional study from the results of MRI examination in Dr. Soebandi Hospital, Jember, Indonesia, collected from 2018-2021 using the simple random sampling method. Ligamentum flavum thickness and the degree of vertebral slip were measured using T2-weighted MR imaging and the correlation was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Of 102 spondylolisthesis data records, 34 were taken, being female was the most prevalent cases in the age group above 60 years, with the most vertebral segment shift occurring at the L4–L5 level. There was a significant correlation. (p = 0.02; RR = 4.8) between ligamentum flavum thickening and vertebral slip in spondylolisthesis. Conclusion: The significant correlation between ligamentum flavum thickening and vertebral slip in spondylolisthesis suggest that mechanical stress has caused spondylolisthesis, by inducing chronic inflammation that results in hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum. Lumbar segmental instability due to spondylolisthesis is a factor contributing to the development of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy.
Lipid Profile in Early and Late Stage among Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome-Related Chronic Kidney Disease in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia in 2016−2019 Haya Hanif Mahardika; Ahmedz Widiasta; Viramitha Kusnandi Rusmil
Althea Medical Journal Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v10n1.2524

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem in children with an increased prevalence globally. CKD is strongly associated with Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) and dyslipidemia, which become a progressive factor of CKD. This study aimed to describe the lipid profile of children with CKD and NS in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia.Methods: An observational-retrospective study was conducted with a cross-sectional design involving 150 medical records of children aged 1−18 years who were diagnosed with CKD with NS. Lipid profile data, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL, were collected from 2016−2019 using the total sampling method. Subjects with incomplete lipid profile data were excluded from the study.Results: Among the fifty-two children that were eligible and fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 88.5% were diagnosed with stage 1 CKD, and 32.7% were aged between 6−11 years and boys were predominant (67.3%). Lipid profile changes were found in the LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol serum levels between CKD stage I and II–V.Conclusions: Lipid profile of CKD pediatric patients with NS in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in 2016−2019 showed hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Most subjects were in stage I of CKD and Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome, and comparison between stages of CKD and types of nephrotic syndrome is lacking. A prospective analytical study would be more reliable in proofing its significance.
Clinical Characteristic of Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants in South Kalimantan, Indonesia: A Case Study Haryati Haryati; Desi Rahmawaty; Mohamad Isa; Ali Assagaf; Ira Nurrasyidah; Erna Kusumawardhani
Althea Medical Journal Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v10n1.2810

Abstract

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has undergone various mutations of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) as variants of concern (VOC). Since clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants remain largely unknown, especially in Indonesia, this study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients from South Kalimantan, Indonesia.Methods: Data from medical records of COVID-19 patients at Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin from June 2021 to February 2022 were randomly extracted, containing demographic data, comorbidities, and laboratory data, as well as the type of virus. Results: In total, 32 patients were included, 9 were infected with delta, 14 with probable omicrons, and 9 with non-VOC. Patients in the probable Omicron group were significantly older than other groups (median age 64 years old, range 54–73 years; p=0.049), had hypertension as the dominant comorbidity (85.7%; p=0.039), the onset appeared slightly earlier (median 3 days; range 2-3 days, p=0.062), with no anosmia symptom (p=0.006). Critical illness predominated and mostly survived in all variants but was not statistically significant (p=0.590 and 0.726, respectively). The three variants showed similarities in laboratory findings; hence, statistical analysis suggested that the leucocytes differed significantly (p=0.020).Conclusions: Patients with the likely Omicron variant are much older, have hypertension as their main comorbidity, do not have any symptoms of anosmia, and have higher leukocyte counts compared to other variants.
Determinants of Hypertension Treatment Adherence during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lesson Learned from Various Studies Sites in Indonesia Raehan Satya Deanasa; Alifa Alya Zalfa; Nurul Mufliha Patahuddin; Lathifah Dzakiyyah Zulfa; Sofia Hana; Anak Agung Bagus Putra Indrakusuma; Aizar Vesa Prasetyo; Gita Julianti Malik; Hesti Azzahra Tosadapotto; Raza Syahlevi Suwandri; Muhammad Nur Mahmudi; Rizma Adila Syakurah
Althea Medical Journal Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v10n1.2675

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is the most common comorbid disease which can cause further complications in COVID-19 patients. On the contrary, the pandemic has also caused lower health services and adherence to hypertension therapy. This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medication adherence in people with hypertension in Indonesia.Methods: The research was conducted using an analytical quantitative method. Patients with hypertension from seven islands across Indonesia were recruited based on eligibility criteria during Bulan Bakti 2021, a social outreach by Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia about basic health across Indonesia. The demographic and medication history of the respondents were recorded. The Indonesian version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) questionnaire was distributed, and the medication adherence level was assessed.Results: A total of 1155 patients, mainly females (62.2%) participated in this study. More than half of the patients had low adherence (55.25%). Males (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) 0.777 [CI 95% 0.529–1.019]), employed (AOR 0.857 [CI 95% 0.495–1.483]), higher income (AOR 0.522 [CI 95% 0.393–0.713]), and those who had information from healthcare worker (AOR 0.583 [CI 95% 0.361–0.878]) were found to have better medication adherence in multivariate logistic regression test.Conclusion: Medication adherence level in patients with hypertension during the pandemic is markedly low. Integrated preventive and promotive measures, especially from healthcare workers, are needed to prevent further morbidity and mortality. 
Front Cover, Editorial Team, Table of Contents, and Back Cover front back cover
Althea Medical Journal Vol 10, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Liver Function Profile of Pediatric Patients with Dengue Viral Infection Admitted to a Tertiary Referral Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic Rosalina, Ina; Adrizain, Riyadi; Sari, Chindy Arya; Alam, Anggraini; Setiabudi, Djatnika
Althea Medical Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/ijihs.v10n2.2954

Abstract

Background: Dengue infection is endemic in more than 100 countries; 70% of cases occur in Asia. One of dengue infection complication is hepatic dysfunction. The COVID-19 pandemic may cause a delay in seeking treatment and affect severe case of dengue infection when admitted to the hospital. This study aimed to analyze the liver function profile in dengue pediatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: All patients under 18 with confirmed dengue serology (NS-1 immunochromatography or IgM anti-Dengue (ELISA) test and IgG anti-Dengue (ELISA) test) in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from 2021–2022 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were categorized based on the modified WHO classification of 2009. Data were processed with SPSS® ver. 25 and analyzed using Chi-Square and One Way-ANOVA.Result: In total, 85 patients were tested for the liver function; most severe dengue patients had abnormal SGOT and SGPT levels (100% vs. 64%).  The SGOT and SGPT levels during the initial admission were higher in the severe dengue group (634 U/l and 271 U/l) and significantly different among groups (p=0.001 and p=0.032). The elevated SGOT (1,339 U/l vs. 203 U/l vs. 87.3 U/l; p=0.014) and SGPT (438 U/l vs. 100 U/l vs. 42.8 U/l; p=0.005) levels were higher in the severe dengue group.Conclusion: The severity of dengue is in line with the increase in SGOT and SGPT levels. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the liver dysfunction persists and may be interfered with by delays in dengue treatment. Early recognition and prompt treatment are needed to decrease morbidity and mortality.
Profile of Apoptotic Marker Genes and Histopathology of the Placenta in Pregnancies with Pre-Eclampsia Herlambang, Herlambang; Enis, Rina Nofri; Tarawifa, Susan; Harahap, Huntari; Puspasari, Anggelia; Maharani, Citra; Kusdiyah, Erny
Althea Medical Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v10n2.3088

Abstract

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder in pregnancy and a significant cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Failure of spiral artery remodeling due to abnormal apoptosis, triggers disturbances in the mother and the baby’s growth. This study aimed to identify the profile of apoptotic marker genes and histopathological features of the placenta in pregnancies with pre-eclampsia.Methods: This study had used case-control method. Samples were taken from normal pregnancies (n=25) and pregnant women with pre-eclampsia (n=25) using a purposive sampling method from several hospitals in Jambi. qRT-PCR was used to examine apoptotic gene expression from placental tissue and hematoxyline eosin staining to view the placenta’s microscopic appearance. The targeted genes were BCL2-associated X (BAX) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2). Histopathological changes of the placenta observed were syncytial node, cytotrophoblast, villous edema, hypervascularization, fibrosis stroma, atherosis, infarction, and thrombosis.Results: Relative BAX genes expression were increased once in placenta pre-eclampsia compared to controls, but not statistically significant (p-value>0.05). There was no difference between the decline of BCL-2 gene expression in pre-eclampsia placenta compared to the control (p-value >0.05). Histopathological changes in the placenta were syncytial node and cytotrophoblast (25 of 25), villous edema (19 of 25), hypervascularization (24 of 25), fibrosis stroma (22 of 25), atherosis (12 of 25), infarction (17 of 25), and thrombosis (24 of 25).Conclusion: The expression of BAX genes in pre-eclampsia tends to increase compared to normal pregnancy, and the expression of BCL-2 decreases.  The histopathological features of pre-eclampsia pregnancy placenta are mostly syncytial nodes, cytotrophoblasts, stromal fibrosis, and thrombosis.
Relationship between Clean, Healthy Living Behaviour, and COVID-19 Infection at the Parigi Public Health Center, West Java, Indonesia Wa Indhillah, Putri Asyri; Raksanagara, Ardini Saptaningsih; Gondodiputro, Sharon
Althea Medical Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v10n2.2715

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). One form of prevention is implementing Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour (Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat, PHBS) at the household level. This study aimed to analyze the association between PHBS at the household level and COVID-19 cases at the Parigi Public Health Center, West Java, Indonesia.Methods: This was an unmatched case control study carried out in September–October 2021 with respondents from Parigi Public Health Center, Pangandaran Regency, involving 63 people for each case and control group. Sampling was conducted by the non-probability method. Data were collected using a checklist to measure the implementation of PHBS at the household level. Data were analyzed by statistical analysis, using the Chi-square or Fisher Exact test and Odds Ratio.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the implementation of PHBS at the household level and the incidence of COVID-19 (p=0.668).Conclusions: The implementation of PHBS at the household level is not related to the incidence of COVID-19. Further studies are needed with  larger population, looking for causal relationship, and controlling for confounding variables.
Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease among Diabetic Patients at Sharif Medical City Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan Mehdi, Syed Muslim; Baig, Usman; Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid
Althea Medical Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v10n2.2881

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus has been linked to various gastrointestinal motility disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).This study aimed to determine the proportion of GERD in patients with diabetes mellitus.Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the medical outpatient department of Sharif Medical City Hospital, Lahore, from October to December, 2020. Patients previously diagnosed with type II diabetes were included using non-probability consecutive sampling, and the GERDQ questionnaire was used to determine the frequency. IBM SPSS statistics version 23 was used for the analysis of data.Results: Of the 273 participants, 183 (67.0%) were male and the mean age was 51.13±12.8 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 6.97±4.76 years and oral hypoglycemic agents were used by 133 (48.7%) participants. Overall, 133 (48.7%) of the participants had GERD with a mean GERDQ score of 10.8(±1.4).Conclusion: Almost half (48.7%) of the participants have GERD; the most common symptom is regurgitation of stomach contents. Awareness should be raised, and early screening should be done to prevent long-term complications. 
Knowledge Level of COVID-19 Prevention in Banjar Gambang Communities, Seraya Village, Karangasem, Indonesia Sasmana, I Gede Aswin Parisya; Wihandani, Desak Made; Halim, Wilson; Jaya, Ni Komang Ayu Amanda Setiari; Atmaja, Made Ayu Kurniati; Edgar, Christine; Sutedja, Jane Carissa; Mamangdean, Christo Timothy; Wijaya, Grace Veronika; Kusumadewi, Made Dea Avrilia
Althea Medical Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v10n2.2857

Abstract

Background: Problems to COVID-19 are closely related to the level of knowledge and community prevention. Therefore, to overcome COVID-19, increased knowledge and prevention are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between prevention and knowledge level about COVID-19.Methods: A cross-sectional study using a convenience sampling approach was conducted in Banjar Gambang, Karangasem, Indonesia, in April 2022. The knowledge level and preventive behavior towards COVID-19 were measured using the COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Index (CPBI) and the knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward COVID-19 (KAPCOV-19) questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.0.Results: A total of 52 respondents were included, who had excellent level of knowledge (44.2%) and moderate prevention behaviour (48.1%). A strong and significant correlation was found between the preventive index and the knowledge levels of COVID-19 (r = 0.548; p<0.001). The level of knowledge was significantly related to the level of preventive behavior (p= 0.003), as well as the education level (r = 0.323; p = 0.02) and age (r= -0.346; p=0.012).Conclusion: The level of knowledge and the individual prevention behavior toward COVID-19 are directly proportional to each other. Those who have a low level of knowledge, might affect their prevention behavior toward COVID-19, therefore, personalized socialization of COVID-19 prevention is still required.

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