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Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi
ISSN : 20865945     EISSN : 25804960     DOI : -
Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi is a Scientific Journal managed by Biology Education UIN Raden Intan Lampung with registered numbers p-ISSN: 2086-5945 (print) and e-ISSN: 2580-4960 (online). The Purpose of the Journal of the Biosphere is a vehicle or vessel for pouring the latest theories, disseminating information on recent findings related to Biology and Biological Sciences, research results and development of educational materials, educational evaluation, media and learning models achieved in the field of Biology education.
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Articles 201 Documents
Freshwater Trophic State of Sindang Heula Dam in Terms of Chlorophyl Content KN, Aditya Rahman; Khastini, Rida Oktorida; Hardianti, Feni
Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/biosfer.v13i1.10472

Abstract

This study aims to determine the trophic status of the waters of Sindang Heula Dam in terms of chlorophyll-a content and its relationship with other water parameters. The study was conducted in April 2021. The sampling location was determined by purposive sampling method with 5 stations. Sampling of chlorophyll-a was carried out using a composite sampling technique, which was then tested by spectrophotometric methods. Physical and chemical parameters of the waters measured included temperature, brightness, TSS, pH, DO, BOD, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate. The results showed that the content of chlorophyll-a ranged from 12,733–63,457 g/L. Based on the results of the study, the waters of the Sindang Heula Dam have a eutrophic status to hypereutrophic, this indicates that the waters have been heavily polluted due to high levels of nutrients. ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status trofik perairan Bendungan Sindang Heula ditinjau dari kandungan klorofil-a serta hubungannya dengan parameter perairan lainnya. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April 2021. Lokasi pengambilan sampel ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling sebanyak 5 stasiun. Pengambilan sampel klorofil-a dilakukan dengan teknik composite sampling, yang selanjutnya diuji dengan metode spektrofotometri. Parameter fisika dan kimia perairan yang diukur meliputi suhu, kecerahan, TSS, pH, DO, BOD, nitrat, nitrit, dan fosfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan klorofil-a berkisar 12,733–63,457 μg/L. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka perairan Bendungan Sindang Heula memiliki status eutrofik menuju hipereutrofik, hal ini menunjukkan perairan sudah tercemar berat akibat tingginya unsur hara.
Taxonomic Affinity of Poaceae Family Based on Morphological Characters Rahman, Nova Fauziah; Assykuri, Isna Izzmah; Ainilla Khan, Naila Rachmania; Pradana, Bayu Adhel; Akmalia, Hafidha Asni
Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/biosfer.v13i1.10553

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the relationship among species in the Poaceae family based on their similarities in morphological characteristics. The method used was a taximetry method describing the taxonomic affinity based on morphological characteristics of plants, including leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruit. Morphological character data was compiled on Ms Excel, representing the character of each organ and morphological scoring data. Furthermore, the scoring results were analyzed with the NTSys-PC version 2.02i program, and the final results were presented as a dendrogram. The research results show five species of members of the Poaceae family, including Zea mays, Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Pennisetum purpureum and Cymbopogon citratus, showed that Zea mays and Cymbopogon citratus had the closest affinity with a coefficient of 0.47. In contrast, the most distant affinity was Pennisetum purpureum, with a coefficient of 0.25.ABSTRAK: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kekerabatan antar spesies dalam satu famili Poaceae berdasarkan persamaan sifat dan ciri morfologinya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode taksimetri untuk menjelaskan kekebrabatan fenetik berdasarkan karakter morfologi tumbuhan meliputi daun, batang, akar, bunga, dan buah. Data karakter morfologi disusun pada Matriks Ms. Excel yang mewakili karakter masing-masing organ, dan data skoring morfologis. Selanjutnya hasil skoring dianalisis dengan program NTSys-PC versi 2.02i dan hasil akhir disajikan dalam bentuk dendogram. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian lima spesies anggota famili Poaceae, antara lain Zea mays, Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Pennisetum purpureum dan Cymbopogon citratus menunjukkan bahwa hubungan kekerabatan fenetik Zea mays dan Cymbopogon citratus memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang paling dekat dengan koefisien 0.47 sedangkan kekerabatan yang paling jauh adalah Pennisetum purpureum dengan koefisien 0.25.
Potential Exploration and The Morphology of Zingiberaceae Leaves as Medicinal Plants in Bandar Lampung Octariyanti, Diah Ayu Putri; Yulianty, Yulianty; Lande, Martha Lulus; Suratman, Suratman
Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/biosfer.v13i1.10587

Abstract

This study aimed to determine how many species of Zingiberaceae are in Bandar Lampung through leaf morphology observations. This research was conducted from January to March 2021 at the Botanical Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung. The sampling of Zingiberaceae leaves was determined via a simple random sampling technique. Morphological observations were performed by observing the narrowest and widest leaves that looked intact and not ravaged by disease. The results showed that 16 species of Zingiberaceae were found in Bandar Lampung, which was divided into five genera. Also, three variations of leaf shape, leaf-spine, and leaf sitting were found.ABSTRAK: Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui berapa banyak spesies Zingiberaceae di Bandar Lampung melalui pengamatan morfologi daun. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2021 di Laboratorium Botani Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Lampung. Pengambilan sampel daun Zingiberaceae dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode sampling acak sederhana. Pengamatan morfologi dilakukan dengan mengamati daun tersempit dan terlebar yang tampak utuh dan tidak terserang penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 16 jenis Zingiberaceae di Bandar Lampung yang terbagi ke dalam 5 marga. Selain itu, ditemukan tiga variasi bentuk daun, pertulangan daun, dan duduk daun.
An Analysis of Biology Students’ Creative Thinking ability in Ethnobotany Course Handayani, Isnaini Siwi; Zaini, Muhammad; Dharmono, Dharmono; Wulandari, Eka
Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/biosfer.v13i1.10931

Abstract

This study aimed to describe the creative thinking ability of biology students in the ethnobotany course. The type of research used was descriptive research using a quantitative approach. The research subjects were 28 students taking ethnobotany courses in the Biology Study Program at IAIN Palangka Raya. The data were collected using the question instrument. Fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, and evaluation indicators of creative thinking ability. The results show that students' creative thinking abilities were divided into high, medium, and low. The creative thinking ability of biology students was dominantly in the low category. The students' creative thinking ability in the high category was evaluation. Furthermore, the students' creative thinking ability in the medium category was fluency, and the low categories were flexibility, originality, and elaboration. These results urged that teaching materials be developed to improve students' creative thinking ability.ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa tadris biologi pada mata kuliah etnobotani. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah 28 mahasiswa yang sedang menempuh mata kuliah etnobotani pada program studi tadris biologi di IAIN Palangka Raya. Pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen soal. Indikator kemampuan berpikir kreatif yang digunakan yaitu fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, dan evaluation. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa dibagi menjadi tiga kategori yaitu tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa tadris biologi pada mata kuliah etnobotani yang dominan adalah dalam kategori rendah. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa yang kategori tinggi yaitu evaluasi, kategori sedang yaitu kelancaran dan kategori rendah yaitu fleksibilitas, orisinalitas, dan elaborasi. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa perlu dikembangkan bahan ajar untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa.
Berberine: A Potential Inhibitor of Dihydrofolate Reductase- Thymidylate Synthase (DHFR-TS) for Malaria Bare, Yohanes; Sari, Dewi Ratih Tirto; Nita, Angeliana Desimaris; Taek, Maximus M
Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/biosfer.v13i1.11145

Abstract

The goal of this study was to genetically link natural materials derived from Tinospora crispa L with Berberine to dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS). Method: The ligand berberine (CID: 2353) was obtained from Pubchem, while the protein DHFR-TS (PDB ID 2bl9) was obtained from Protein Data Bank. The ligands and proteins interacted with HEX 8.0.0.0 and were visualized with Discovery Studio. The researchers discovered a positive interaction between berberine and DHFR-TS, observed at four amino acid residues that bind to the protein TYR125, ILE121, LEU45, and MET54. Van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonds, Pi-Sulfur, Pi-Alkyl, and Pi-Stalked interactions all contribute to strength and stability. In conclusion, berberine has the potential to act as a DHFR-TS inhibitor and thus prevent malaria.ABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan bahan alam yang berasal dari Tinospora crispa L dengan kandungan utama Berberin dengan dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) secara genetik. Metode, Ligan berberin (CID: 2353 ) diperoleh dari Pubchem sedangkan protein DHFR-TS (PDB ID 2bl9) diperoleh dari Protein Data Bank, ligan dan protein diinteraksikan menggunakan HEX 8.0.0.0 dan divisualisasikan menggunakan discovery studio. Ditemukan interaksi positif antara berberin dan DHFR-TS yang menunjukkan interaksi pada empat residu asam amino yang berikatan dengan protein. Mereka adalah TYR125, ILE121, LEU45 dan MET54. Beberapa interaksi yang dilakukan Van der Waals, ikatan hidrogen, Pi-Sulfur, Pi-Alkyl dan Pi-Stalked juga memberikan dukungan dalam rangka meningkatkan kekuatan dan stabilisasi. Kesimpulannya, berberin memiliki potensi fungsi sebagai penghambat DHFR-TS dan mengarah pada malaria.
The Development of POE-based (Predict, Observe, and Explain) E-Student Worksheet for Eleventh-Grade Plant Histology Subject Wulandari, Rina Wulan; Nofina, Mufida
Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/biosfer.v13i1.11270

Abstract

This research developed electronic student worksheet (e-student worksheet) based on POE (Predict, Observe, and Explain) using the Liveworksheets feature. The research method was R&D (Research and Development) with a 4-D model, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. There were three data collection techniques in this research, namely interview, questionnaire, and N-gain from the pretest and posttest scores. The analyzed data using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that (1) the average percentage of e-student worksheet feasibility obtained was 92.90% with material expert validators of 94.23%, media expert validators of 88.23%, and practitioner validators of 96.25%. Therefore, the POE-based e-student worksheet can be used with a very valid or very feasible category. (2) The percentage obtained from student responses was 85% with a very good category. (3) The N-Gain value obtained was 0.39 with a medium category. Thus, the development of e-student worksheet based on POE (Predict, Observe, and Explain) on plant tissue material for the eleventh-grade students can be used with a very feasible category.ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan lembar kerja siswa elektronik (e-student worksheet) berbasis POE (Predict, Observe, and Explain) dengan menggunakan fitur Liveworksheets. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah R&D (Research and Development) dengan model 4-D, yaitu define, design, develop, dan distribute. Ada tiga teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini, yaitu wawancara, angket, dan N-gain dari nilai pretest dan posttest. Teknik analisis yang digunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) rata-rata persentase kelayakan LKS yang diperoleh adalah 92,90% dengan validator ahli materi 94,23%, validator ahli media 88,23%, dan validator praktisi 96,25%. Oleh karena itu, LKS e-student berbasis POE dapat digunakan dengan kategori sangat valid atau sangat layak. (2) Persentase yang diperoleh dari respon siswa sebesar 85% dengan kategori sangat baik. (3) Nilai N-Gain yang diperoleh sebesar 0,39 dengan kategori sedang. Dengan demikian, pengembangan LKS berbasis POE (Predict, Observe, and Explain) pada materi jaringan tumbuhan untuk siswa kelas XI dapat digunakan dengan kategori sangat layak.
The Population Dynamics of Belanger's Croaker (Johnius belangerii) at Barumun River, Panai Hilir District, Labuhanbatu Regency Maryani, Sri; Machrizal, Rusdi
Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/biosfer.v13i1.11468

Abstract

This study aims to determine the population dynamics of J. belangerii fish in the waters of the Barumun River, Labuhanbatu Regency. Sampling was carried out for 3 months, starting in October – December 2021. The results showed the relationship between length and weight of J. belangerii fish was negative allometric with a b value of 0.713 (b<3). The population of J. belangerii was dominated by individual lengths between 14.5 - 38 cm with a body weight range of 30-80 grams. The length of the totic acid (L∞) is 41.55 cm with a growth coefficient (K) of 0.430 per year. Natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were 0.937 and 0.892 per year, respectively. The level of exploitation (E) obtained a value of 0.35 . The condition of the population of J. belangerii based on the value of (F),(N),(E) is not in a state of over-exploitation.ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika populasi ikan J. belangerii yang ada di Perairan Sungai Barumun Kabupaten Labuhanbatu. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan selama 3 bulan, di mulai pada Oktober – Desember 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan Panjang berat ikan J. belangerii adalah alometrik negatif dengan nilai b 0,713 (b<3). Populasi ikan J. belangerii didominasi ukuran panjang individu antara 14,5 - 38 cm dengan kisaran berat tubuh 30-80 gram. Panjang asim totik (L∞) adalah 41,55 cm dengan koefisien pertumbuhan (K) adalah 0,430 pertahun. Mortalitas alami (M) dan mortalitas penangkapan (F) masing-masing sebesar 0,937 dan 0,892 per tahun. Tingkat eksploitasi (E) diperoleh nilai 0,35 . Kondisi populasi J. belangerii berdasarkan nilai (F),(N),(E) tidak dalam keadaan over exploitasi.
Conformity Analysis of HOTS (Higher-order Thinking Skills) Based on Critical Thinking in the Evaluation of High School Biology Learning in the East Cirebon Region Mudaningrat, Ajeng; Maryuningsih, Yuyun; Anugrah, Indah Rizki
Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/biosfer.v13i1.11701

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the suitability of HOTS (Higher-order Thinking Skills) based on critical thinking on the Odd Semester Final Examination questions for high school biology lessons in the East Cirebon Region. The research subjects were schools in the Cirebon area, namely SMAN 1 Lemahabang, MAN 3 Buntet Pesantren Cirebon and MA NU Putri Buntet Pesantren Cirebon. Data analysis is presented in the form of percentages and then described based on critical thinking indicators (characteristic thinking) based on Facione, (2011) on the Biology Final Semester Exam (UAS). The odd semester final exam (UAS) for biology subjects already contains critical thinking skills, but the percentage is still low. The most dominating indicator is interpretation. Based on this research, it shows that the questions made by the teacher are not sufficient to cultivate students' critical thinking skillsABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian HOTS (Higher-order Thinking Skills) berdasarkan critical thinking pada soal Ujian Akhir Semester ganjil pelajaran biologi SMA se-Wilayah Cirebon Timur. Subjek penelitian adalah sekolah yang ada di wilayah Cirebon yaitu SMAN 1 Lemahabang, MAN 3 Buntet Pesantren Cirebon dan MA NU Putri Buntet Pesantren Cirebon. Analisis data disajikan dalam bentuk persentase selanjutnya dideskripsikan berdasarkan indikator berpikir kritis (ciritical thinking) berdasarkan Facione, (2011) pada soal Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS) biologi. Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS) ganjil mata pelajaran biologi sudah memuat keterampilan berpikir kritis, namun dengan persentase yang masih rendah. Indikator yang paling mendominasi adalah interpretasiBerdasarkan penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa soal yang dibuat oleh guru belum memadai untuk menumbuhkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa
The Effect of STEM-ThingLink Learning Design on Students' Conceptual Understanding of Nutrition Al Fatihah, Inayah; Ramli, Murni; Rahardjo, Dwi Teguh
Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/biosfer.v13i1.11920

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)-ThingLink learning design on students' conceptual understanding. Thinglink.com is used as a platform to present problems and set STEM projects, on the topic of nutrition. This research is a quasiexperimental research with One-Shot Case Pretest-Posttest Design. Data was collected by means of pre-test and post-test to assess the improvement of students' conceptual understanding. The hypothesis test used is the paired sample t test. The results showed that there was an increase in students' understanding of the material concepts, which was marked by an increase in the pre-test score (M=54.26, SD=14.73) to post-test scores (M=72.93, SD=12.63). Paired sample t-test also showed significant results, sig. < (0.03 <0.05) which means H0 is rejected. It can be concluded that the STEM-ThingLink learning design has a positive effect on students' understanding of nutrition concepts.ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh desain pembelajaran Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)-ThingLink terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa. Model STEM-ThingLink menerapkan Engineering Design Process (EDP) dalam sintaksnya. Thinglink.com digunakan sebagai platform untuk menyajikan masalah dan menetapkan proyek STEM. Aplikasi difokuskan pada topik gizi yang diajarkan kepada siswa kelas delapan IPA di sekolah menengah pertama. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain One-Shot Case Pretest-Posttest Design. Model pembelajaran STEM-ThingLink diterapkan pada kelas eksperimen. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pre-test dan post-test untuk menilai peningkatan pemahaman konsep siswa. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan adalah uji t sampel berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman konsep materi siswa yang ditandai dengan peningkatan nilai pre-test (M=54.26, SD=14.73) menjadi nilai post-test (M=72.93, SD=12.63). Uji-t sampel berpasangan juga menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan, sig. < (0,03 < 0,05) yang berarti H0 ditolak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa desain pembelajaran STEM-ThingLink berpengaruh positif terhadap pemahaman konsep gizi siswa.
Biology Teacher Creativity at SMKN Maros Regency in Solving Online Learning Problems by Utilizing E-Learning Lestari, Pertiwi Indah; Nur, Rizki Amalia; Riyanti, Rika
Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi Vol 13 No 1 (2022): Biosfer: Jurnal Tadris Biologi
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/biosfer.v13i1.11998

Abstract

This study employed a qualitative method to determine the teachers’ creativity in utilizing e-learning media in online learning. This study implemented a survey approach that involved theories, relevant evidence, and existing facts by emphasizing the structural model (path) of the relationship between the variables studied. The subjects of this study were 20 students of SMKN 2 Maros and four homeroom teachers. The data collecting technique used by the researchers were questionnaires and online interviews. The data analysis technique referred to by Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Based on research, the teachers' creativity at SMKN 2 Maros in utilizing e-Learning was 82.5 and 85 in the high creativity category. Therefore, the creativity in using e-Learning during the online learning process was high.ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kreativitas guru dalam pembelajaran daring dengan memanfaatkan media e-learning dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan survey yang melibatkan teori, bukti yang relevan, fakta dan kenyataan yang ada pada penekanan model struktural (jalur) hubungan antar variabel yang dikaji. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 20 siswa SMKN 2 Maros dan 4 orang guru kelas. Teknik yang digunakan peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan cara angket, wawancara secara daring. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu reduksi data Miles and Huberman yaitu, data reduction, data display, dan conclusion drawing/verivication. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan kreativitas guru SMKN 2 Maros dalam memanfaatkan media e-Learning termasuk dalam kriteria kreativitas yang tinggi dengan skor 82,5 dan 85, artinya kreativitas guru dalam memanfaatkan media e-Learning selama proses pembelajaran daring tergolong tinggi.