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Caraka Tani - Agriculture Science Journal
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 42 Documents
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STUDI KARAKTERISASI ANGGREK SECARA SITOLOGI DALAM RANGKA PELESTARIAN PLASMA NUTFAH Hartati, Sri; Darsana, Linayanti; Cahyono, Ongko
Caraka Tani - Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Pertanian Vol 29, No 1 (2014): Articles in Press
Publisher : Caraka Tani - Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Pertanian

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Karakter sitologi anggrek  alam sangat penting dipelajari guna mendukung keberhasilan pemuliaan anggrek. Tujuan penelitian untuk mempelajari karakter sitologi anggrek ( jumlah, ukuran ) serta karyotipe kromosom dalam rangka pelestarian plasma nutfah. Tempat penelitian analisis sitologi dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi  Fakultas Pertanian UNS Surakarta. Bahan penelitian adalah bagian ujung akar dari  Paphiophedilum glaucophylum,, Coelogyne spesiosa Dendrobium crumentum, Dendrobium mutabile, , Bulbophyllum. blumei.dan  Bulbophyllum beflorum.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode squashing (pencet) meliputi: fiksasi : larutan Carnoy 2 (6 etanol : 3 kloroform : 1 asam asetat glasial 45%), hidrolisis (larutan HCl 1 N ) dan pewarnaan kromosom (larutan aceto-orcein 2%). Pengamatan meliputi (jumlah, ukuran, bentuk) kromosom dengan mikroskop cahaya.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan :.1.Jumlah Kromosom Anggrek Paphiopedilum glaucophylum, Coelogyne speciosa, Dendrobium crumenantum, Dendrobium mutabile dan Bulbophyllum blume dan Bulbophyllum beflorum mempunyai jumlah kromosom yang sama yaitu 2n = 38, sedang Ukuran kromosom Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum  4.26 ± 0.14 sampai 9.73± 0.19, Coelogyne spesiosa 0.35 ± 0.03 sampai 6.30 ± 0.84, Dendrobium crumenantum 2.46 ± 0.20 sampai 5.33 ±  0.02 Dendrobium mutabile  2.56 ±  0.72 sampai 6.54±   0.73 , Bulbophyllum blume 2.76 ±  0.09 sampai 6.07 ±  0.43  dan Bulbophyllum beflorum1.04 ±  0.07 sampai 1.35 ±  0.16 . Pola karyotipe Paphiopedillum glaucophyllum 2n = 38 m, Dendrobium crumenantum 2n = 38, Bulbophyllum blumei 2n = 38 m , Bulbophyllum beflorum 2n = 38 m sedang Coelogyne spesiosa 2n = 37 m+ 1 ak dan Dendrobium mutabile 2n = 37 m+ 1 sm
PERBAIKAN GENETIK ANGGREK ALAM Vanda spp MELALUI PERSILANGAN INTERSPESIFIK DALAM MENDUKUNG PERKEMBANGAN ANGGREK DI INDONESIA Hartati, Sri; Sumijati, Sumijati; Pardono, Pardono; Cahyono, Ongko
Caraka Tani - Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Pertanian Vol 29, No 1 (2014): Articles in Press
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Upaya peningkatan mutu genetik Anggrek memiliki kendala pada teknik persilangan dan perbanyakan biji hasil persilangan. Penelitian  bertujuan untuk: (1) mendapatkan teknik persilangan yang dapat menghasilkan biji dengan tingkat fertilitas tinggi, (2) untuk mendapatkan  hibrida baru yang memiliki keunggulan karakter pada bunga. Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebon Raya LIPI Bogor .Penelitian merupakan persilangan interspesifik yaitu ♀Vanda celebica x ♂ Vanda tricolor,♀Vanda celebica x ♂Vanda dearei, ♀Vanda celebica x ♂Vanda insignis. Dan persilangan resiprok (kebalikan) yaitu ♀ Vanda tricolor x ♂ Vanda celebica,  ♀ Vanda dearei x  ♂Vanda celebica, ♀ Vanda insignis x ♂Vanda celebicaPersilangan dilakukan dengan cara menyilangkan tetua terpilih sebagai tetua jantan atau betina. Kegiatan meliputi karakterisasi tetua, persilangan, panen, penyebaran biji, Penyebaran biji dan transfer dilakukan secara aseptik di laboratorium kultur jaringan. Pengamatan meliputi keberhasilan persilangan, saat terbentuk buah, masak buah, dan terbentuk protokorm.      Dari penelitian dihasilkan 5 seri silangan sampai terbentuk protokorm yaitu Vanda dearei x Vanda Celebica, Vanda celebica x Vanda dearei, Vanda insignis x Vanda celebica, Vanda celebica x Vanda insignis, Vanda  celebica x Vanda tricolor. Keberhasilan persilangan 33%-100%, Waktu yang diperlukan untuk masaknya biji bervariasi antara 122-262 hari, lama berkecambah  16-23 hari.
Effect of Mycorrhizal and Organic Fertilizer on the Growth of Garlic Wicaksono, Muhammad Imam; Rahayu, Muji; Samanhudi, Samanhudi
Caraka Tani - Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Pertanian Vol 29, No 1 (2014): Articles in Press
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Garlic has a high price in the market, however, production of garlic has its limitations. The use of chemical fertilizers has shortcomings in terms of environmental sustainability, so  need for organic fertilizer which serves to reduce the negative impact. The study aims to determine interactive between kinds of mycorrhizal and organic fertilizer to garlic, get the appropriate mycorrhizal and to get the Suistainablekind of fertilizer to increase of the garlic yield. The experiment was conducted from January 2013 to August 2013. Research using CRD (completely randomized design) with 2 factors of organic fertilizer (chicken manure, cow manure, goat manure, manure and vermicompost compost) and mycorrhizal types (Gigaspora margarita, Acaulospora sp, Glomus etunicatum). The results showed mycorrhizal mycorrhizal types Gigaspora margarita is suitable and capable of enhancing the growth of garlic, application of organic fertilizers used have not been able to increase the growth and yield of garlic. Applications of various types of mycorrhiza and organic fertilizers have not been able to increase the growth of garlic.
Effect of Corn Variety on Intercropping with Peanut in Additive Series on Growth and Yield Sasmita, Inggit; Supriyono, Supriyono; Nyoto, Sri
Caraka Tani - Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Pertanian Vol 29, No 1 (2014): Articles in Press
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One way intentification food plant by intercropping systems. This study aims to determine effect differences in yield and find out what varieties maize growth and provide the best yield of intercropping maize varieties grown peanuts when planted in Additive Series. The study is based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with one factor of maize varieties (V) with four replications. V01: Kancil monoculture peanut varieties, V02: monoculture Bisma corn varieties, V1-V6 : multiple varieties of maize cropping pattern Kancil peanut varieties (V1: Arjuna maize varieties, V2: Bisma corn varieties, V3: maize varieties Lamuru, V4 : maize varieties Srikandi Putih, V5: Sukmaraga corn varieties, and V6: maize varieties Gumarang). Analysis was performed by F test level 5 % and if the significant difference  was followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) level 5%. The yield tend to be highest in groundnut V6 of  2.7 tons/ha and corn V4 of 5.03 tons/ha.
The Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers to P-Uptake and Yield of Rice on Two Farming Systems at Sukoharjo Hartati, Sri; Sumani, Sumani; Hendrata, Henricus EA
Caraka Tani - Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Pertanian Vol 29, No 1 (2014): Articles in Press
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This study aims to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers and cropping systems on P uptake and growth and yield of rice determine the most optimum. The research was conducted in paddy fields in the village of Subdistrict Wotgaleh Sukoharjo Sukoharjo in February 2013 to May 2013 . This research is using RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with two factors . The first factor is the culture system consisting of two levels are conventional systems ( B1 ) and  SRI systems ( System of Rice Intensification ) ( B2 ) . The second factor is the balance of organic and inorganic fertilizers ( P ) consisting of five levels are : ( P1 ) 100 % organic fertilizer ( Petroganik : 10 tons / ha ) , ( P2 ) 25 % organic fertilizer ( Petroganik : 2.5 tons / ha ) + 75 % inorganic fertilizer ( Phonska : 225 kg / ha ) + Urea : 150 kg / ha , ( P3 ) 50 % organic fertilizer ( Petroganik : 5 tons / ha ) + 50 % inorganic fertilizer ( Phonska : 150 kg / ha ) + Urea : 100 kg / ha , ( P4 ) 75 % organic fertilizer ( Petroganik : 7.5 tons / ha ) + 25 % inorganic fertilizer ( Phonska : 75 kg / ha ) + Urea : 50 kg / ha , ( P5 ) 100 % inorganic fertilizer ( Phonska : 300 kg / ha ) + Urea : 200 kg / ha . Parameters measured were available P , soil pH ( H2O ) , P network , stover dry weight , P uptake , total tiller number , and dry weight of harvested grain. The results showed that P uptake in conventional cropping systems is higher than the SRI cultivation system . P uptake in conventional cultivation of 0.135 g / clump whereas P uptake in SRI cultivation of 0.074 g / clump . Balance of organic and inorganic fertilizer with the highest P uptake was achieved in 100 % inorganic fertilizer , Phonska : 300 kg / ha + urea : 200 kg / ha which is 0.134 g / clump . The highest weight of dry grain harvest was achieved in the treatment of conventional cultivation system with 25 % organic fertilizer ( 2.5 t / ha Petroganik) and 7575 % inorganic fertilizer ( 225 kg / ha of fertilizer Phonska and 150 kg / ha urea ) that is equal to 12.98 tons / ha
DAMPAK ERUPSI GUNUNG MERAPI TERHADAP LAHAN DAN UPAYA-UPAYA PEMULIHANNYA Rahayu, Rahayu; Ariyanto, Dwi Priyo; Komariah, Komariah; Hartati, Sri; Syamsiyah, Jauhari; Dewi, Widyatmani Sih
Caraka Tani - Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Pertanian Vol 29, No 1 (2014): Articles in Press
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PELINDIAN UNSUR KALIUM (K) DAN NATRIUM (Na) MATERIAL VULKANIK HASIL ERUPSI GUNUNG MERAPI 2010 (Simulasi Laboratorium) Sanjaya, Taufiq Perak; Syamsiyah, Jauhari; Ariyanto, Dwi Priyo; Komariah, Komariah
Caraka Tani - Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Pertanian Vol 29, No 2 (2014)
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This research was conducted at the Greenhouse Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, in March 2011. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the rainfall (synthetic) the number of elements Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na) were leached in volcanic material from the eruption of Mount Merapi. This study used artificial rainfall simulation approach  to treatment is based on the phenomenon of the eruption of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Central Java by examining the leaching elements Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) are swapped in the above-ground volcanic material Andisol. The experiments in this study using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 3 to 5 treatments the sample depth artificial rain (water sprinkling) in 3 replications, namely 1 (22 mm x 1 day (22 mm)), 2 (22 mm x 10 days (220 mm)), 3 (22 mm x 20 days (440 mm)), 4 (22 mm x 30 days (660 mm)), 5 (22 mm x 45 days (990 mm)), and control ( 45 days field) with 3 replicates each. The variables measured were pH H2O, available K and Na, K and Na total, CEC, texture. Analysis of the data using the F test at the level of 95% or Kruskal-Wallis, to compare the mean between treatments using DMR test at the level of 95% or Mood Median, whereas to determine the relationship between variables used correlation test. The results showed that administration of rainfall of 22 mm / day is able to affect the leaching of potassium and sodium in the volcanic material from day 10. Leaching was significantly visible on day 30 with a decrease in available K and Na volcanic material at a depth of 0-15 cm in diameter (K 23.08%) (23.08% Na) and at a depth of 15-30 cm (K 21, 42%) (23.08% Na), and the addition of K and Na are available at a depth of >30 cm in the form of land Andisol (K 16.67%) (23.53% Na) from the previous treatment.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PETERNAKAN DALAM KONSEP PERTANIAN TERPADU GUNA MEWUJUDKAN PERTANIAN YANG BERKELANJUTAN Suryono, Suryono; Dewi, Widyatmani Sih; Sumarno, Sumarno
Caraka Tani - Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Pertanian Vol 29, No 2 (2014)
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Utilization of farm wastes in order to realize the concept of integrated farming is a sustainable agriculture community service program in cooperation with two partners , namely : ( 1 ) quail - catfish Breeders Agribird , and ( 2 ) dairy farms and agricultural businesses " Andini Mulyo " . This service activities conducted through outreach / awareness , mentoring and manufacture of demonstration plots . Preparation of demonstration plots to make an example of earthworm cultivation ( vermikultur ) and the making of silage . Testing vermicompost and organic fertilizer from cow dung to plant corn and kale using plots measuring 50 x 9 meters , divided into 3 blocks , each 3 x 50 meters . Outcome in the form of products include : Biomass earthworm number 5 Kg / month ; Vermicompost 50 Kg ; Silage , 300 Kg once manufacture ; and quality organic fertilizer from cow dung , 600 kg / process . Outcome in the form of a test product to the plant : the use of manure , vermicompost fertilizer in Litosol very real increase maize crop which includes fresh weight of corn stover , corn stover dry weight and dry weight of seed corn ; the use of manure and fertilizer plants in the ground grumosol not significantly different with kale stover fresh weight , while the use of vermicompost highly significant increase stover fresh weight of spinach
PENINGKATAN RAGAM GENETIK ANGGREK Dendrobium spp MELAUI HIBRIDISASI UNTUK MENDUKUNG PERKEMBANGAN ANGGREK DI INDONESIA Hartati, Sri; Budiyono, Agus; Cahyono, Ongko
Caraka Tani - Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Pertanian Vol 29, No 2 (2014)
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Perbaikan genetik melalui persilangan interspesifik antara tetua terpilih anggrek Dendrobium spp diarahkan untuk meningkatkan mutu genetik dan nilai ekonomi anggrek alam dipasaran. Anggrek Dendrobium adalah salah satu genus anggrek yang banyak diminati. Upaya peningkatan mutu genetik anggrek memiliki kendala pada teknik penyilangan dan perbanyakan biji hasil hibridisasi/persilangan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk: (1) mendapatkan teknik penyilangan yang dapat menghasilkan biji dengan tingkat fertilitas tinggi dan (2) mendapatkan anggrek hibrida baru yang memiliki keunggulan-keunggulan karakter. Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebon Raya LIPI Bogor. Persilangan dilakukan pada 4 sampai 6 individu yang berbunga. Persilangan dilakukan dengan cara menyilangkan tetua terpilih sebagai tetua jantan atau betina Pollinia ditransfer dari anther ke stigma dengan menggunakan tusuk gigi steril, dengan metode (i) crossing , (ii) Resiprocal.Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter induk yang digunakan, waktu persilangan sampai dengan panen buah, dan lama berkecambah. Dari penelitian dihasilkan 4 seri silangan secara resiprok sampai perkecambahan yaitu ♀ Dendrobium mirbelianum x ♂ Dendrobium liniale, ♀ Dendrobium liniale x ♂ Dendrobium mirbelianum, ♀ Dendrobium liniale x Dendrobium bigibbum, ♀ Dendrobium bigibbum x ♂ Dendrobium liniale. Persentase keberhasilan semua persilangan dan resiproknya adalah 100% kecuali persilangan ♀ D.lineale x ♂D. tobaense dan resiproknya tingkat keberhasilannya 0%. Waktu terbentuk buah 3-9 hari, masaknya biji bervariasi antara 81-123 hari dan lama terbentuk protokorm bervariasi 15-36 hari.
PENGARUH DOSIS INOKULUM AZOLLA DAN PUPUK FOSFAT ALAM TERHADAP KETERSEDIAAN P DAN HASIL PADI DI ALFISOL Nusantara, Canggih Jati; Sumarno, Sumarno; Dewi, Widyatmani Sih; Sudadi, Sudadi
Caraka Tani - Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Pertanian Vol 29, No 2 (2014)
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Produksi padi di Indonesia masih belum mampu menutupi kebutuhan nasional. Rendahnya produktivitas ini salah satunya disebabkan oleh penurunan tingkat kesuburan tanah. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kandungan fosfat didalam tanah adalah dengan memberikan pupuk fosfat alam dan juga inokulum azolla. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dosis yang tepat dari inokulum azolla dan fosfat alam untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan fosfat dan meningkatkan hasil tanaman padi pada tanah alfisol. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode RAL faktorial dengan dua faktor pembanding perlakuan pupuk kandang dan pupuk N,P,K. Analisis data hasil pengamatan menggunakan analisis ragam pada taraf 5% dan apabila terdapat pengaruh beda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT taraf 5% untuk membandingkan antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan pemberian inokulum azolla dan fosfat alam dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan fosfat pada tanah alfisol dan mampu meningkatkan hasil padi. Pada parameter P tersedia hasil tertinggi menunjukan pada perlakuan azolla 2,5 ton/ha tanpa fosfat alam dan azolla 5 ton/ha fosfat alam 350 kg/ha yaitu 10,81 ppm. Selain itu pemberian inokulum azolla dan fosfat alam memberikan peningkatan terhadap kadar KTK, bahan organik, N total dalam tanah dan pH tanah.

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