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Spektrum Hukum
Published by Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang
ISSN : 18580246     EISSN : 23551550     DOI : 10.35973/Spektrum hukum
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Jurnal SPEKTRUM HUKUM, merupakan jurnal peer review yang di terbitkan oleh Program Magister Ilmu Hukum Untag semarang, SPEKTRUM HUKUM diterbitkan dua kali dalam setahun pada bulan April, dan Oktober. Ruang lingkup artikel yang diterbitkan dalam jurnal ini berkaitan dengan berbagai topik di bidang Hukum Pidana, Hukum Perdata bisnis, Hukum politik pemerintahan, Hukum Kesehatan, serta bidang kajian hukum secara luas.
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Articles 182 Documents
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Konservasi Budaya Lokal Banyuwangi Melalui Museum Blambangan Berbasis Banyuwangi Ethno Carnival Ishardhi, R. Dravendy Marta
SPEKTRUM HUKUM Vol 22, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Spektrum
Publisher : PMIH Untag Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/sh.v22i01.5970

Abstract

Banyuwangi is known for its rich local culture and tourism that continues to grow rapidly. Over the past few years, the number of tourist visits to Banyuwangi has increased significantly, mainly thanks to the Banyuwangi Festival, an annual event organized by the Regional Government and local communities. The authenticity of local culture in Banyuwangi is maintained, thanks to the efforts of the community who continue to preserve their local wisdom. This paper aims to analyze the strategy of using the Blambangan Museum in Banyuwangi as a means of cultural conservation and as a forum to preserve the cultural arts displayed in the Banyuwangi Ethno Carnival. The research methods used include direct data collection through observation, interviews, literature studies, and document analysis, with the presentation of results in descriptive form. The research shows several important things: first, many works of art and culture produced in the Banyuwangi Ethno Carnival (BEC) need to be identified and maintained properly; second, the need for museum-based educational facilities to support cultural tourism in Banyuwangi Regency; and third, the Banyuwangi Museum has the potential to become an alternative education-based tourism destination, which can further increase the number of tourists who come to this area.
Aspek Hukum Keselamatan Penumpang Transportasi Laut: Studi Empiris Di Pelabuhan Ketapang Banyuwangi Mulyanto, Rudi; Sofyan, Mastiga; Putri, Etis Cahyaning
SPEKTRUM HUKUM Vol 22, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Spektrum
Publisher : PMIH Untag Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/sh.v22i01.6057

Abstract

Indonesia as an archipelagic country has a strategic role in the management of sea transportation to support national and economic connectivity. This study examines the protection and legal responsibility of ocean passengers based on Law No. 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping, with a focus on implementation at PT ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero) at Ketapang Port, Banyuwangi. This study uses an empirical legal method with an analytical descriptive approach, relying on primary data from interviews and secondary data from legal literature The results of the study show that PT ASDP has a legal responsibility in ensuring passenger safety, including the provision of infrastructure and accident insurance through PT Jasa Raharja. However, challenges are still faced in aspects of supervision, regulatory enforcement, and operational readiness. In conclusion, synergy between regulations, ship operators, and stakeholders is essential to improve safety and legal protection for sea transport passengers.
Dinamika Pengakuan Hukum Tanah Ulayat di Bolaang Mongondow: Studi Perlindungan Hukum dalam Konflik Kepemilikan Tanah Minabari, Amir Minabari; Djaman, Riska Pratiwi; Mokoagow, Jemmy Gerardus; Abdulkader, Alqodir; Saputra, Mohamad Risky
SPEKTRUM HUKUM Vol 22, No 1 (2025): Jurnal Spektrum
Publisher : PMIH Untag Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/sh.v22i1.6577

Abstract

Bolaang Mongondow merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara yang pada masa lalu dikenal sebagai wilayah swapraja, di mana masyarakatnya hidup berdasarkan hukum adat. Salah satu aturan adat yang masih berlaku adalah mengenai hak ulayat masyarakat hukum adat. Namun, dalam praktiknya, hak atas tanah adat tersebut tidak pernah memperoleh pengakuan resmi dari pemerintah sehingga menimbulkan anggapan bahwa tanah tersebut otomatis beralih menjadi tanah negara. Kajian ini penting dilakukan untuk menelaah status tanah ulayat di Bolaang Mongondow yang hingga kini belum mendapatkan pengakuan dari pemerintah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kedudukan tanah komunal masyarakat adat di wilayah tersebut agar dapat memperoleh legitimasi hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif dengan menelaah literatur, data sekunder, peraturan perundang-undangan, serta putusan-putusan pengadilan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanah ulayat masyarakat Bolaang Mongondow sejatinya telah mendapat pengakuan, baik melalui yurisprudensi maupun catatan sejarah. Akan tetapi, pengakuan tersebut masih belum cukup kuat, sehingga dibutuhkan perlindungan hukum yang lebih tegas guna menjamin dan melindungi hak-hak masyarakat lokal atas tanah ulayat mereka.
Pemberatan Pidana Berbasis Doktrin Erfolgshaftung terhadap Kasus Penganiayaan Hewan Kolektif (Putusan PN No. 247/Pid.B/2023/PN Nnk) Cheung, Sherlyn Nathalia; Adhari, Ade
SPEKTRUM HUKUM Vol 22, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Spektrum
Publisher : PMIH Untag Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/sh.v22i2.6702

Abstract

Seringnya kasus penyiksaan hewan di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap hewan belum efektif meskipun ketentuan pidana telah tersedia. Pasal 302 ayat (2) KUHP mengatur bahwa setiap orang yang dengan sengaja menyakiti atau memperlakukan hewan secara tidak adil sehingga mengakibatkan penderitaan atau kematian dapat dihukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kepastian pemberatan pidana dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Nomor 247/Pid.B/2023/PN Nnk melalui teori syarat pidana dan doktrin Erfolgshaftung. Metode yang digunakan adalah hukum normatif dengan mengkaji peraturan, kepustakaan, dan putusan pengadilan melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua unsur pemberatan pidana terpenuhi, meliputi perbuatan, kesengajaan, kemampuan bertanggung jawab, dan sifat melawan hukum. Analisis dengan menggunakan doktrin Erfolgshaftung menegaskan bahwa akibat kematian hewan melalui cara yang kejam seharusnya menjadi dasar pemberatan pidana. Namun, hukuman satu bulan yang dijatuhkan hakim tidak mencerminkan proporsionalitas atau kepastian pemberatan hukuman. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa hukuman pidana belum diterapkan secara tepat, dan paradigma penjatuhan hukuman yang lebih responsif terhadap konsekuensinya diperlukan untuk memperkuat perlindungan hukum bagi hewan.
Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pelaku Perjudian Sabung Ayam di Wilayah Hukum Kepolisian Resor Minahasa Utara Bawole, Herlyanty Y. A.; Bawole, Grace Yurico; Gerungan, Anastasya E.
SPEKTRUM HUKUM Vol 22, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Spektrum
Publisher : PMIH Untag Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/sh.v22i2.6534

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilakukan karena maraknya praktik sabung ayam di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, baik yang dilakukan secara terbuka maupun sembunyi-sembunyi, yang telah menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi masyarakat, seperti tindak pencurian, perkelahian, dan gangguan ketertiban umum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana upaya Kepolisian Minahasa Utara dalam mencegah, menanggulangi, dan menegakkan hukum terhadap pelaku sabung ayam, serta mengkaji peran pengendalian sosial masyarakat dalam mendukung penegakan hukum tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis, dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, serta studi kepustakaan yang berkaitan dengan praktik perjudian, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan strategi kepolisian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kepolisian Minahasa Utara menerapkan strategi terpadu, mulai dari upaya preemtif dan preventif melalui penyuluhan hukum, pembinaan moral, dan patroli rutin, hingga upaya represif berupa penangkapan dan penyidikan terhadap para pelaku. Aparat kepolisian juga bekerja sama dengan tokoh masyarakat dan aparat desa untuk membangun kesadaran serta partisipasi sosial masyarakat. Kesimpulannya, penegakan hukum terhadap perjudian sabung ayam memerlukan pendekatan yang seimbang antara tindakan penindakan, pencegahan, dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat guna mewujudkan pengawasan yang efektif serta pemberantasan praktik perjudian secara berkelanjutan.
Peran Pemerintah Dalam Melindungi Pekerja Anak Yang Berkeadilan Febriharini, Mahmuda Pancawisma; Karyono, Hadi
SPEKTRUM HUKUM Vol 22, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Spektrum
Publisher : PMIH Untag Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/sh.v22i2.7004

Abstract

This study aims to understand the role of the government in providing fair protection for child workers. This research is normative juridical legal research. The research specification is “descriptive analytical” because it will analyze the core issues being studied based on legislation. The results of the study indicate that protection for child workers has not been optimal due to weak law enforcement, limited labor supervision, minimal coordination between agencies, as well as strong structural factors such as poverty, culture, and low access to education. Using John Rawls' theory of justice, this study assesses that most policies have not fully met the difference principle, which is support for the least advantaged groups. This research discusses a framework for fair child labor protection that includes preventive, protective, and corrective justice as a new conceptual model. This study aims to understand the role of the government in providing fair protection for child workers. This research is normative juridical legal research. The research specification is “descriptive analytical” because it will analyze the core issues being studied based on legislation. The results of the study indicate that protection for child workers has not been optimal due to weak law enforcement, limited labor supervision, minimal coordination between agencies, as well as strong structural factors such as poverty, culture, and low access to education. Using John Rawls' theory of justice, this study assesses that most policies have not fully met the difference principle, which is support for the least advantaged groups. This research discusses a framework for fair child labor protection that includes preventive, protective, and corrective justice as a new conceptual model
Revitalisasi Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Dalam Penguatan Etika Kelembagaan Negara Di Indonesia Karyono, Hadi; Pancawisma, Mahmuda Febriharinia; Hanifah, Salma Nur
SPEKTRUM HUKUM Vol 22, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Spektrum
Publisher : PMIH Untag Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/sh.v22i2.7005

Abstract

The revitalization of Pancasila values has become an urgent necessity in strengthening the ethics of state institutions in Indonesia. In the current development of state governance practices, there appears to be a shift in institutional orientation that tends to be pragmatic and less grounded in constitutional moral values. Pancasila, as an ideology and the foundation of the state, is not only the source of the highest law but also a source of public ethics that guides the behavior of state institutions. This article analyzes how Pancasila values can be re-internalized into the ethics of state institutions through a normative legal approach, emphasizing the moral responsibility and integrity of state administrators. By examining legal doctrines, the constitution, and state governance practices, this study finds that strengthening institutional ethics must begin with the reconstruction of Pancasila values as a living and operational constitutional ethical foundation.
Beban Bphtb atas Warisan Tanah dan Kebijakan Kepala Daerah dalam Hukum Perlindungan Ahli Waris Kharisma, Bintang Ulya
SPEKTRUM HUKUM Vol 22, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Spektrum
Publisher : PMIH Untag Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/sh.v22i2.6927

Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas beban Bea Perolehan Hak atas Tanah dan Bangunan (BPHTB) atas warisan dan peran pemerintah daerah dalam merumuskan kebijakan fiskal yang adil dan responsif. BPHTB penting sebagai sumber pendapatan daerah, namun sering memberatkan ahli waris, terutama untuk rumah atau tanah tidak likuid, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakadilan fiskal dan risiko sosial-ekonomi. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan yuridis-analitis, perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan studi kasus. Studi kasus Leony Vitria Hartanti (2025) menjadi ilustrasi dampak BPHTB yang memberatkan. Analisis menggunakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier untuk menilai harmonisasi antara kewajiban fiskal dan perlindungan hak ahli waris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah daerah dapat menyesuaikan tarif, memberikan keringanan, dan menerapkan pembayaran fleksibel melalui Peraturan Daerah. Pendekatan ini meringankan beban finansial, meningkatkan kepatuhan pajak, dan menjaga keadilan substantif. Kasus Leony menegaskan pentingnya kebijakan BPHTB yang proporsional, manusiawi, dan responsif terhadap kondisi ekonomi masyarakat. Strategi ini dapat dijadikan model bagi daerah lain agar BPHTB tetap efektif sebagai instrumen fiskal tanpa merugikan hak ahli waris.
Membangun Restoratif Justice Menuju Pembaruan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana Krismiyarsi, Krismiyarsi
SPEKTRUM HUKUM Vol 22, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Spektrum
Publisher : PMIH Untag Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/sh.v22i2.6899

Abstract

The process of resolving criminal cases through restorative justice is still fragmented across separate law-enforcement institutions, namely: the Police through Police Regulation (Perpol) No. 8 of 2021, the Prosecution Service through Attorney General Regulation (Perja) No. 15 of 2020, and the Courts through Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) No. 1 of 2024. To date, there has been no statute that specifically regulates the mechanism for resolving criminal cases through restorative justice. The enactment of Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana/KUHP) brings fresh hope, as it implicitly recognizes restorative justice. This can be seen in the formulation of Article 54 letter (j) on sentencing guidelines, which requires judges, when imposing a sentence, to consider forgiveness from the victim and/or the victim’s family; Article 70 letter (e), which provides that imprisonment should, as far as possible, not be imposed if it is found that the defendant has paid compensation to the victim; and Article 132, which states that prosecutorial authority is extinguished if there has been a settlement outside the court process as regulated in a law. Article 132 mandates the existence of a statute to further regulate restorative justice; however, up to the present, no such law has been enacted. This study employs a normative juridical research approach, using secondary data sources and qualitative analysis. The research aims to develop an effective restorative justice framework by analyzing factors of substance, structure, and legal culture that may influence the effectiveness of restorative justice in future implementation, so that the findings can contribute input for the forthcoming reform of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP).
Urgensi Pengaturan Hukum Carbon Trading Dalam Kerangka Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia Lisdiyono, Edy; Md Said, Muhamad Helmi
SPEKTRUM HUKUM Vol 22, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Spektrum
Publisher : PMIH Untag Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/sh.v22i2.7042

Abstract

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. As a country with the third largest tropical forest in the world and a significant carbon emitter, Indonesia plays a strategic role in global greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts. Carbon trading has emerged as an innovative market instrument to promote efficient emission reductions. However, the legal regulation of carbon trading in Indonesia is still partial and lacks a comprehensive legal framework. This paper examines the urgency of establishing integrated carbon trading legal regulation within Indonesia's environmental law framework, analyzes existing regulations, identifies legal vacuums (rechtvacuum), and formulates policy recommendations. The research method used is normative juridical with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The results show that Indonesia needs a specific law on carbon trading that comprehensively regulates cap-and-trade mechanisms, voluntary carbon markets, registry systems, and dispute resolution mechanisms. Strong regulation will provide legal certainty for investors, encourage green investment, and accelerate Indonesia's transition to a low-carbon economy.

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