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INDONESIA
CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia
Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
ISSN : 2355875X     EISSN : 23558776     DOI : 10.26555
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy
CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia ISSN, 2355-875X (print) 2355-8776 (online) is a journal that publishes manuscripts or scientific papers in Chemical Engineering. The scope of this journal covers chemical reaction techniques, separation, optimization, process control, process system engineering, waste treatment, food and material technology. Journals are published in print and online twice a year, in June and December by Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta.
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Articles 189 Documents
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Bioprocess Potentials of Squalene from Thraustochytrids Microalgae for Nutraceuticals in New Normal Era Isolated from Indonesian Mangroves: A Review Suhendra Suhendra; Tresya Pantoiyo; Sarah Fazlia; Endah Sulistiawati; Rachma Tia Evitasari
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 8, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v8i1.19121

Abstract

The covid-19 pandemic has been increasing people's awareness of good eating habits and consumption to maintain their health. Accordingly, the choice shifted more to consume nutraceutical and functional food to provide a beneficial impact. One of the essential and attractive nutraceuticals is squalene (C30H50). Squalene is a precursor for biosynthesis in all human steroids and has a long history as an essential compound in the pharmaceutical industry. A common source of this terpenoid comes from the liver oil of a deep-sea shark. However, the strategy for squalene production from liver sharks encountered environmental and political barriers due to strict nature protection regulations. The renewed scientific interest has found microalgae from the thraustochytrids family as a promising future source of squalene. Thraustochytrids is a group of Osmo-heterotrophic marine microalgae, which can be found commonly in mangrove are, has recently gained increased attention owing to its promising biotechnological potentials. As the country with the largest mangrove forest globally, Indonesia has the highest biodiversity potentials of Thraustochytrids. Unfortunately, the study on the potential of bioprocess technology using Thraustochytrids microalgae from Indonesian mangrove forests for squalene production has received less attention from researchers. Therefore, this paper presents Thraustochytrids' potential from Indonesian mangrove forests as a sustainable source of squalene production that can replace raw material from shark liver oil. This paper summarizes all selected strains used in the previous study and their operating parameters. Based on our review study, the most productive Thraustochytrid producing squalene comes from the Aurantiochytrium sp. 18W-13a–1, which operated in a temperature-controlled reciprocal 500 mL shaker of Sakaguchi flask (25 °C, 100 strokes min − 1,70 mm amplitude) and used nutrients of 2.0% glucose, 1.0% tryptone, 0.5 g /l yeast, and 50% artificial seawater (ASW). Compared to squalene from other sources (yeast, bacteria, and plants), Thraustochytrid can yield more squalene. Bioprocess engineering aspects and the general uses of squalene are also presented, including the notable developments in the adjuvant vaccine of Covid-19, anti-aging substance, and anti-cancer applications. 
Characterization of Chitosan from the Haliling Snail (Filopaludina javanica) Shell in South Kalimantan Siska Musiam; Noor Aisyah
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v7i2.18013

Abstract

Chitosan is a renewable natural polymer derived from chitin which can be found in many invertebrate animals. Chitosan has non-toxic properties, is easily broken down (biodegradable and bioresorbable), and is able to adapt to its environment (biocompatibility). This study aims to characterize chitosan produced from haliling (Filopaludina javanica) shell waste originating from South Kalimantan. Haliling meat is consumed as a side dish by the people of South Kalimantan so that the shell becomes a waste that can be used as raw material for chitosan. Chitosan characterization included determination of yield, solubility test, calculation of the degree of deacetylation with Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), as well as observing the crystallinity and morphology of the yield compounds by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The yield of chitosan obtained was 8.890% with the best solubility at 0.1 N HNO3 N. The FTIR analysis of chitosan obtained a degree of deacetylation of 60.581%. XRD and SEM data showed a crystallinity index of 52.945% with a granular surface.
One-Step Synthesis of Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Photoremediation of Toxic Organic Dyes Waste in Aquatic Environment Huwaida Ikbar; Muhammad Hakim Muzakky; Harry Pramudya Rivelino; Anatta Wahyu Budiman
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v7i2.18498

Abstract

Graphitic Carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been taking the attention of scientists because of its potential applications as a catalyst for organic synthesis, electrodes, photocatalyst, and hydrogen storage material. The g-C3N4 has also excellent chemical stability, special optical characteristics, and high thermal stability. Moreover, it only consists of carbon and nitrogen elements that make it safer for the environment than metal-based catalysts. Various techniques have been introduced to improve g-C3N4 photocatalytic efficiency as a combination with other semiconductors and the modification of morphology like porous g-C3N4 or nanostructures g-C3N4. When compared with g-C3N4 bulk, g-C3N4 Nanosheets have many advantages including high efficiency, low cost, environmentally friendly, and easy to produce on a large scale. This review contains an overview of the one-step synthesis method from melamine and ammonium chloride for g-C3N4 nanosheets as well as characteristics and potential applications in dyes photoremediation.
Effect of Time and Reaction Speed on Making Liquid Soap in Terms of Viscosity and Density Values Erna Astuti; Aster Rahayu; Endah Sulistiawati
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 8, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v8i1.14722

Abstract

Soap is a product from the hydrolysis of fats into fatty acids and glycerol under alkaline conditions, known as the saponification process. Many factors affect the saponification process to produce liquid soap with proper quality, including viscosity and density values. Saponification time and stirring speed are factors that affect the soap quality to be observed. Using strong bases and strong acids from electrolysis machines as well as coconut oil as a natural comperland are the innovations in this study. The results obtained are liquid soap in accordance with SNI 06-4085-1996, where the expected density ranges from (1.01-1.10 gr/cm3) and viscosity (400-20000 cP). Based on the current results, the most optimal results in accordance with SNI 06-4085-1996 are 24 hours for saponification time and stirring for 40 minutes, with a density of 1.083 gr/ml and viscosity of 482.0755 cP.
Swelling Degree of Carrageenan-Corncob Bead Gel in Various Media Sperisa Distantina; Saktika Rofi'ah Haryani; Rif'ah Ulfatun Hasanah; Mujtahid Kaavessina
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 8, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v8i1.20133

Abstract

Bead hydrogels were prepared from carrageenan-corncob mixture by physically and chemically crosslinking. The aims are to investigate the effect of carrageenan-corncob weight ratio and glutaraldehyde crosslinking on the swelling degree properties. The mixture of various carrageenan-corncob weight ratio (1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:0) was dropped into KCl and CaCl2 solution and then the obtained bead gels was dried. The dried bead gel was crosslinked using glutaraldehyde 4%. The swelling degree behavior of the bead gels were tested in distilled water, 0.1M NaCl, and synthetic urine. The bead gels based on the mixture of carrageenan-corncob exhibited the hydrogel property. The highest swelling degree is carrageenan-corncob bead gels in the ratio of 1:0. The highest swelling degree is found in the distilled water and the lowest is in the synthetic urine. The 4% glutaraldehyde crosslinking does not show specific different results for carrageenan-corncob bead gels.
Effect of Solvent Types on Characteristics of Elephant Ginger Oleoresin (Zingiber officinale, Rosc) with Leaching Process Rizka Mila Nurdiana; Nur Laili Indah Pamungkas; Bambang Wahyudi
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 8, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v8i1.20477

Abstract

Ginger is one of the important agricultural commodities for the Indonesian economy. Ginger contains (Zingiber officinale, Rosc) oleoresin and essential oils. This research aims to find out whether the type of solvent and mass of ginger affects the result and characteristic of oleoresin produced. The method has been used in this research is solid-liquid extraction (leaching). The variables used are solvent types (ethanol, n-hexane, ethanol:hexane) with a volume 1000 ml and mass of  ginger (100, 150, 200, 250, 300 grams).  The results showed that Ethanol solvent produced the highest yield of 11.663% at a ginger mass of 100 grams, while n-hexane solvent produced the smallest oleoresin yield of 1.5474% at a ginger mass of 300 grams. Analysis of oleoresin quality characteristics consists of density value, solubility in alcohol, contained components, refractive index and optical rotation is carried out on extract with the highest yield. The extract was analyzed by GC-MS to determine its content. The result of analysis showed the presence of gingerol (58.97%) and shogaol (4.65%) on extract. In addition to the optical rotation value, oleoresin has quality characteristics that are in accordance with the established quality standards.
Activation of Coconut Shell Charcoal and Application for Bleaching Used Cooking Oil Siti Jamilatun; Martomo Setyawan; Lutfiatul Janah; Rifka Alfiyani; Ilham Mufandi
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 8, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v8i1.20085

Abstract

This study aimed to determine coconut shell-activated charcoal's ability in the bleaching process of used cooking oil. Activation of coconut shell charcoal was carried out using 5N H2SO4 solution. Activated charcoal is made through a pyrolysis process at a temperature of 350 ⁰C for 1 hour. The experiment was carried out in four stages: activation of activated charcoal, testing the characteristics of activated charcoal, bleaching used cooking oil, and testing the characteristics of used cooking oil. The characteristic test of activated charcoal is moisture content, ash content, and iodine absorption rate. Meanwhile, used cooking oil characteristics were carried out in water content, specific gravity, and color test. The results showed that the ash content of activated charcoal was 2.4-2.8 %, the water content of activated charcoal was 0.5-1%, the iodine absorption content was relatively high, namely 371,896-548,745 mg/g. The water content of used cooking oil was 0.493-0.503 %, the specific gravity of used cooking oil was between 0.888-0.892 %, and the absorbance was between 0.001-0.006. The results of this study were standardized using the Indonesian National Standard Method (SNI). The results show that 40 mesh of activated charcoal is better than 20 mesh.
The Nata de Coco Quality Analysis for Making Fiber-Rich Instant Drink Powder Natalia Peni; Melania Priska
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 8, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v8i1.20479

Abstract

One of the potentials of coconut water that is widely developed in Indonesia is nata de coco. Nata de coco is the result of the fermentation of coconut water which is added by Acetobacter xylum. The research aim was to determine the quality of nata de coco as the basic material for making instant drink powder (IDP) which consists of natural flavors of orange, mango, and soursop. The step of the research was making a starter, making nata de coco, making IDP, and testing the quality of IDP (water content, specific gravity, taste, water solubility, and fiber). Data were analyzed using Tukey's significant difference test with a significance of 0.05%. The results showed that the water content of the IDP three flavors was less than 3%. Mango specific gratify is also higher but the orange flavor is the one of taste that people really like. The level of solubility in water shows that soursop is higher solubility. The fiber content of IDP orange is higher than mango and soursop. Therefore, nata de coco can be used as a raw material for making IDP.
Potential of Antibacterial Activity in Natural Ingredients (Betel Leaves, Basil Leaves, Avocado Seeds, Lemongrass, Garlic) As Natural Hand Sanitizers: Journal Review Dwi Febri Pranoto; Oldy Fristian Famly; Chandra Akbar; Erna Astuti
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 8, No 2 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v8i2.20705

Abstract

In an effort to reduce the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers because of their quite dangerous impact on the skin, natural hand sanitizers are an alternative. The antibacterial substances in betel leaves, basil leaves, avocado seeds, lemongrass, and garlic can be used as materials for natural hand sanitizers. The purpose of this study was to collect, identify, and compare journals about the effectiveness of antibacterial agents in natural ingredients that are used as natural hand sanitizers. Using the journal review method through reviewing the contents of journals that discuss antibacterial activity, the results show that the five phytochemical compounds contain active antibacterial compounds so that they have the potential to make natural hand sanitizers, as well as the antibacterial inhibition zone of these five ingredients showing high results with strong to very strong categories. It was concluded that the five ingredients could be used as natural hand sanitizer materials. However, betel leaves are preferred because of their largest inhibition zone, 3.1-4.0 cm.
Dyeing process optimization of chitosan modified cotton dyed with Bixa orellana and Caesalpinia sappan Rachma Tia Evitasari; Zahrul Mufrodi
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 8, No 2 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v8i2.21967

Abstract

Indonesia is rich in flora diversity, very potential for the development of natural dyes. The advantage of dyeing fabrics with natural dyes is that they contain antioxidants and environmentally friendly. The purpose of this study was to optimize the dyeing process on chitosan-modified fabrics with variations in temperature and solution ratio. The dyes used were kesumba keling seeds (Bixa Orellana) and sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan). The analysis carried out is the analysis of the value of color differences (DE), calculated to determine changes in color intensity. The dyed fabrics were tested for fastness to light, heat, and washing. The best value of DE was obtained at a temperature variation of 70 oC and a ratio of fabric weight to volume of solution 1:75 for both dyes from kesumba keling seeds and sappan wood with each DE value of 6.22 and 11.84. Supported by the test results of fastness to sunlight and iron heat which gives good results.

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