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CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia
Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
ISSN : 2355875X     EISSN : 23558776     DOI : 10.26555
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy
CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia ISSN, 2355-875X (print) 2355-8776 (online) is a journal that publishes manuscripts or scientific papers in Chemical Engineering. The scope of this journal covers chemical reaction techniques, separation, optimization, process control, process system engineering, waste treatment, food and material technology. Journals are published in print and online twice a year, in June and December by Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 189 Documents
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Pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis Residue: Effect of Temperature without and with Fe-oxide catalyst Siti Jamilatun; Tyas Aji Kurniawan; Adhi Chandra Purnama; Irfan Maulana Putra
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v7i2.18077

Abstract

The limited reserves of fuel must resolve immediately. One of the renewable energy solutions that have the potential to come from biomass sources is microalgae. The advantages of microalgae compared to other biomass is the oil produced, the speed of growth, and it does not interfere with food availability. The processing of residual Spirulina platensis microalgae (SPR) by pyrolysis is exciting to do, does not cause pollution, and the technology is simple. This study's purpose was SPR pyrolysis with a grain size of 140 mesh without and with five (5) wt.% Fe-oxide catalyst. The variables studied were temperature on the yield of bio-oil products, water phase, charcoal, and gas. Pyrolysis was carried out in a fixed bed reactor at 300, 400, 500, 550, and 600 ⁰C. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the bio-oil yield, with the optimum catalyst at 400 ⁰C produced 15.34% and without a catalyst at a temperature of 500 ⁰C, namely 15.00%. The water yield phase in the range of 300-600 ⁰C is higher for catalyst use (30-39 %) than without catalyst (13.75-22.25%). The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the lower the yield char. The yield of gas without a catalyst was higher in the range of 30.69-38.94% compared to catalyst 12.58-26.18%. At a temperature of 300 ⁰C without a catalyst, the conversion obtained was 48.69%, while with a catalyst, 60.08%
Technology for Treating Oily Wastewater Derived from Various Industries: A Review Paper Sri Martini; Mira Setiawati
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v7i2.18541

Abstract

The increasing number of industrial sectors has resulted in more and more contaminated water and wastewater containing various harmful pollutants including oil compounds. Less treated or untreated oily wastewater could give a serious threat to both human health and environmental sustainability. Therefore, the appropriate treatment methods such as membrane filtration, coagulation/flocculation, biological treatment, adsorption, and relevant integrated methods have to be implemented well to enhance the quality of those wastewaters before they flow into the final disposal place. This effort will endorse the success of waste management and circular economy system by recycling unwanted industrial by-products including wastewater, so it can be reused for further productive purposes.
Comparison of Hexane, Methanol, and Their Mixtures as Solvents for Microalgae Lipid Extraction by Hydrodynamic Cavitation Martomo Setyawan; Siti Jamilatun; Muhammad Nufail Syafii; Resyaldi Pratama
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v7i2.16803

Abstract

The process of producing biodiesel from microalgae as an effort to solve energy problems is currently constrained by the negative energy balance, which requires more energy to produce than the heating value of biodiesel. The lipid extraction assisted by hydrodynamic cavitation requires less energy extraction than the heating value of biodiesel. The effort to increase the energy efficiency of the hydrodynamic cavitation extraction process is to find a solvent that has a low boiling point. This study aims to improve energy efficiency by using a solvent mixture of hexane and methanol, which has a low boiling point. The results showed that the methanol hexane mixture with a volume ratio of 4:1 gave the lowest mixture boiling point of 51.2 °C with a yield of 3.28% g lipid/ g dry microalgae. The process runs at a temperature of 30 °C with a driving pressure of 5 kg/cm2, with an extraction energy requirement of 2 kJ/g of lipids. This process is feasible to be developed to produce biodiesel from microalgae with a positive energy balance.
Reaction Kinetics of Ammonium Removal from Cow Urine by Struvite Formation Using a Baffle Column Reactor Rizqi Rendri Anggriawan; Fauziah Hilda Alvira; Luluk Edahwati
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v7i2.18209

Abstract

Reaction kinetics is the study of reaction rates and reaction mechanisms, which refers to determining the order and reaction rate constants of a given material. This study will examine the kinetics of the reaction of ammonium removal from cow urine by struvite formation. Cow urine contains NH4 which is high enough so that it can be used as material for the manufacture of struvite. Struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) is a white crystalline material consisting of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate in equimolar. The experiment was conducted with a temperature setting of 25, 35, 45, and 65 ËšC. The flow rates used were 8.8, 11, 14.67, 22, and 44 mL/min. The process of making struvite was carried out by crystallization at pH 9, molar ratio of 3:1:1, also air rate of 0.4 L/min. The study carried out following the first order with the best conversion was 0.7797 at 8.8 ml/min and 65 ËšC. The activation energy is 3123.82 J/mol and the collision frequency is 0.0379. The equation of reaction rate k = 0.0379 e-375,73/T (K-1).
The Effect of Glycerol and Chitosan Variation Composition on the Quality of Biodegradable Plastics from Sugar Palm Starch (Arenga pinnata) Oninda Bella Shavira; Ahmad Fuadi
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 8, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v8i1.15521

Abstract

Bioplastics are plastics that are easily degraded in nature, which can minimize their potential as pollutants. It is mainly made from agro-polymers such as cellulose and starch. Starch from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) has the gelatinization principle and requires bioplastic raw materials by adding glycerol and chitosan. This research aims to determine the effect of addition glycerol and chitosan composition variation on the bioplastic mechanical properties. The research method used a completely randomized design method factorial (RAL-factorial) with one treatment factor carried out in 2 stages. The first step was mixing 4 grams of sugar palm starch and chitosan with variations (5 grams, 6 grams, and 7 grams). The second step was mixing starch and chitosan with glycerol with variations (2 mL and 3 mL). Based on data provided by statistics and mechanical nature tests, it could be concluded that the more volume of glycerol and chitosan added, the value of tensile strength will increase; on the contrary, the elongation value at the break, air resistance, biodegradation increases. The value of air resistance is 109.37%, with the composition of glycerol 3 mL and chitosan 5 grams. The tensile strength value is 11 Mpa with the composition of glycerol 3 mL and chitosan 7 grams. The elongation value is 6.67%, with the composition of glycerol 3 mL and chitosan 5 grams. The biodegradation increase is 79% with the composition of glycerol 2 mL and chitosan 5 grams.
Simulation of Dispersion Potential and Fatality Percentage of SO2 and CO2 Flue Gas from Combustion of Coal in West Lombok Power Plant using Gaussian Model Shafwan Amrullah; Cyrilla Oktaviananda
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v7i2.17451

Abstract

Combustion of coal in coal-fired power plants produces air pollution such as SO2, NOx, CO2, and Particulates. The Jeranjang power plant in West Lombok Regency uses 300,000 tons/year of coal to generate 75 MW of electricity. It can be a large potential for environmental pollution. This research aims to simulate the potential of SO2 and CO2 exhaust gas dispersion to the environment and the fatality percentage caused by burning the Jeranjang coal power plant using the Gauss Model. The research was conducted by a literature study and direct observation of PLTU Jeranjang. After that, in this research, the SO2 and CO2 concentration were calculated. At the end of the study, estimating the potential dispersion and fatality percentage by SO2 and CO2 gas was also calculated around the Jeranjang power plant. The results are SO2 dispersion with a dispersion mass of 0.145 kg/sec from a distance of 2,000 to 46,000 m increased from 1x10-45 to 1.9x10-5 ppm and decreased to 0 ppm. The fatality percentage generated is 0%. The CO2 dispersion potential into the environment without a mass of 12.378 kg/sec increases at a distance of 2,000 to 58,000 m, from a concentration of 2.7x10-65 to 0.00184 ppm. The CO2 concentration decreases to 0 ppm. The fatality percentage generated is 0%. The calculation of settlement dispersion around the PLTU Jeranjang can be safe from SO2 and CO2 dispersion, and the fatality percentage generated is 0%.
Adsorption Analysis of Activated Carbon from Rice Husk and Kepok Banana (Saba Banana) Peel for Treating Ogan River Water Kiagus Ahmad Roni; Erna Yuliwati
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v7i2.18290

Abstract

Ogan river has been utilized as source of raw water for various purposes. The quality of water needs to be monitored continuously. Nowadays, the Ogan River was polluted by household waste and industrial wastewater. This study aims to obtain a better adsorber of rice husks or kepok banana peels activated carbon for treating the Ogan river. Activated carbon is used in different states of applications after its discovery as a robust and reliable is adsorbent. The used method to produces activated carbon is pyrolysis, physical-chemical activation, and steam pyrolysis from agricultural waste materials, e.g., rice husk, palm oil shell, and banana peels. Activated carbon is applied in water treatment, significantly to reduce total suspended solids, pH, and heavy metal (iron) of the Ogan river. In this study, rice husk and kepok banana peels activated carbon were produced using chemical activation with H3PO4 0.1 N 20% at a temperature of 450 oC. The morphological and performance test was conducted on prepared activated carbon. The top surface area of both activated carbon was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The mean pore size was calculated to describe the adsorption process of the ogan river, which indicated total suspended solids (TSS) and iron (Fe) concentration, then pH value. The results showed that kepok banana peels activated carbon reduced TSS levels of 79.3 to 48.2 mg/L, decreased Fe concentration of 0.63 to 0.07 mg/L, and increased pH value of 5.94 to 7.89. Meanwhile, the adsorption using activated carbon of rice husk could reduce TSS concentration of 79.3 to 36.1 mg/L, decrease Fe concentration of 0.63 to 0.01 mg/L and increase the pH value increased from 5.94 to 7.16. It was concluded that the activated carbon of rice husks has better performance than kepok banana peels.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nata de Coco Based Edible film with the Addition of Cinnamon Oil Dwi Ayu Stephanie; Marfuatun Marfuatun; Imam Arifin
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 8, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v8i1.17746

Abstract

The edible film is an alternative packaging with renewable and safe materials. The edible film used is methylcellulose from nata de coco with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) plasticizers and cinnamon oil additives. This research aimed to determine the effect of PVA on the mechanical properties of edible film and the effect of adding cinnamon oil on the character of edible film. PVA added were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and cinnamon oil added were 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%. The mechanical properties of the edible film were observed by tensile strength tester, whereas water vapor absorption by gravimetric method. The result showed the optimum mechanical properties of the edible film was addition PVA 15% which was 1.565 MPa. The more cinnamon oil was added, the mechanical properties of edible film tend to decrease, however, the water vapor absorption tends to increase. The addition of cinnamon oil also showed antimicrobial activity that the fungus did not grow on the edible film.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Particles as Gold Adsorbent from Simulation Waste Maya Rahmayanti; Sri Juari Santosa; Sutarno Sutarno; Hilmi Hamidi; Lingga Binagara
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v7i2.17957

Abstract

There have been many magnetic adsorbents in solid phase extraction to recover gold metal known as Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction (MSPE). In this study, magnetite was synthesized using the reverse coprecipitation method with the precipitating agent NaOH. The synthesized material was characterized using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The magnetite was then applied as a gold adsorbent from simulated waste (HAuCl4). The effect of acidity on the performance of magnetite as gold adsorbent was studied at various pH ranges. Based on the results of characterization using FTIR, magnetite has been successfully synthesized, marked by the appearance of a typical absorption for Fe-O bonds at a wave number of 578 cm-1. It is amplified with an XRD diffractogram, which gives peaks similar to a standard magnetite diffractogram. The value of the magnetite saturation magnetization was 93.90 emu/g. Based on application studies, [AuCl4] adsorption on magnetite was excellent in the pH range 3-5. The presumed interactions between [AuCl4]- and magnetite were through electrostatic (dipol-ion) interactions, hydrogen bonding, and redox reactions.
Characterization of Seashell Waste through Calcination Process Sarah Dampang; Endah Purwanti
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v7i2.18474

Abstract

Seashell waste found in Tanjung Baru Beach, Karawang, which has not fully utilized. This waste can be widely used as an environmentally friendly material in various fields. Seashell waste is the source of CaCO3, and throughout the calcination process at the correct temperature, it can be converted to CaO. The purpose of the calcination process is to obtain a solid CaO by releasing CO2 gas. The calcination process can carry out at temperatures of 800 ℃, 900 ℃, and 1000 ℃ with a calcination time of 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours. The seashell waste is characterized and analyzed using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). Before and after the calcination process, the FTIR spectrum of seashells is around 710 cm-1- 1476 cm-1, a characteristic peak of the C-O group from CaCO3.  The spectrum of 3429 cm-1- 3468 cm-1 is a characteristic peak of the O-H group from Ca(OH)2. The spectrum 2513.25 cm-1 is a characteristic peak of the C-H group containing CaO appearing after calcination. The seashell powder is analyzed by using SEM-EDX with the result where the most dominant elements are C (18.43%), O (52.07%), and Ca (27.86%) from the calcined shells. The elements C, Na, Al, Si, Fe, and Cu, are zero due to the heating process (calcination). The calcined seashell has also shown a rough surface and irregularly shaped particles.

Page 13 of 19 | Total Record : 189

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