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INDONESIA
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Published by Badan Penelitian dan Penegembangan Kehutanan
ISSN : 02164329     EISSN : 24428957     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,559 Documents
 144   145   146   147   148 
PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI 3 MACAM BAHAN BAKU DAN PENGGUNAANNYA SEBAGAI PENYERAP PADA PEMURNIAN MINYAK GORENG Tjutju Nurhayati; M Syahri
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 15, No 1 (1997): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1997.15.1.68-78

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pembuatan arang aktif dari bambu, tempurung kelapa hibrida dan limbah tebangan kayu sono dengan perlakuan penggunaan bahan pengaktif CaCl2 proanalisis dan teknis dan bahan baku berbentuk serpih dan arangnya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis bahan baku proses aktivasi dan bentuk bahan baku mempengaruhi rendemen, kadar karbon terikat pada daya serap terhadap iod, kecuali rendemen tidak dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan bahan pengaktif.Rendemen arang aktif paling tinggi ( 31,39%) diperoleh dari serpih tempurung kelapa hibrida dengan bahan pengaktif CaCl2 proanalisis, karbon terikat dari arang tempurung kelapa hibrida (89,34 dan 90,14%) dan daya serap iod dari serpili kayu sono (1128,80 dan 1020,33 mglg).Arang aktif hasil penelitian terutama yang berasal dari kayu sono memenuhi syarat arang aktif Sil (Standar lndustri Indonesia). Dalam kaitannya dengan penggunaan arang aktif untuk pemurni minyak goreng bekas pakai menunjukkan hasil yang baik untuk adsorbsi warna dan asam lemak bebas.
BEBERAPA CATATAN TENTANG EBONI DI SULAWESI Wesman Endom
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 3 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1994.12.3.89-95

Abstract

Central Sulawesi  is one of the areas where  Eboni species  (Ebony spp) grows naturally.  The other areas are North Sulawesi  and North Maluku. The species have valuable  wood  and many people like them due to their artistic and black appearance.In the  last few  years,  the species  heve been decreasing  and  today  they can  be categorized  as  endangered  or  at  least as  in. vulnerable codition. Since 1988, in accordance to the Ministry of Forestry Decision No 988/Menhut-IV/1988, the harvesting of Eboni had been banned.The observation of the logged forest  area shows that  the number of Ebony trees in the field  is very small.  To  protect  the species from  their extinction,  the strict regulations are  required and the activities of the planting and tending need to be intensifed.The other observation result are as follows :1. Most felling  activity  had been  carried out on the  small  diameter  of  35 cm while the  trees  are still growing  well to reach  larger diameter  (60 cm or more).2. Part of the  wood  utilized  was only heartwood  that had  the  volume  of about 42%  ot total  volume.  Therefore,  to  have  larger volume, is  better  to harvest  only  big trees  of diameter  60 cm or more.3. THe clear bole of  the  trees of diameter  35 cm is ranging from 10-15 m long.4. Futher research on  the increment, harvesting cycle and Silviculture  techniques be conducted in order  to manage  the species sustainably.
PENGARUH PENCAMPURAN BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU DAN PERUBAHAN SULFIDITAS PROSES SULFAT TERHADAP SIFAT PENGOLAHAN DAN KUALITAS PULP KAYU KARET Ridwan A; Pasaribu Pasaribu; Dendi Setyawan; Ina Winarni
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 21, No 1 (2003): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2003.21.1.31-44

Abstract

One of the plant species which can be cultivated  and enables the industrial plantation forest to be established  for its  timber/wood  utilization  is rubber  trees. In dealing with  rubber  wood for pulp/paper processing, the residual latexes, despite in small amount, can bring about some nuisances, i.e. the troubles during the cooking, washing, and bleaching, and the appearance of dark pitch­spots on the surface of the resulting  pulp/paper sheet.Inherent wich  such, the main aim of this research was to remove or reduce to  some effective degrees  the  residual  latexes from  rubber  wood pulp  cooked  using   kraft  (sulphate) process  by regulating the sulfidity of the cooking liquor (20,25,30%), and by mixing rubber wood with four other wood species, i.e. sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), jabon  (Anthocephalus cadamba), tusam (Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vries), and ekaliptus (Eucalyptus   sp.)  each with their specific gravity of 0.63, 0.30, 0.52, and 0. 78, respectively.Changes in suljidity from 20 to 30 percent brought about significant decrease in the number of pitch­spots, caused by  the  residual  latexes, on  the  surface of  the  resulting  kraft pulp  sheet. Meanwhile,  changes  in mixture between rubber wood and four  other wood species  with relative proportion  (oven­dry weight)  from  100:0 to  50:50,  and finally  to 25:75 brought about also the decrease in the number of pitch­spots.In  the same  occasion, changing the  suljidity from 20  to 25 percent  caused  the increase  in breaking­length from 3170 m to 3615  m (increasing by 14.04  percent); tear factor from 97. 776 to 111.100 (increasing by 13.63 percent); and burst factor from 42.913 to 53.623  (increasing by 24.96 percent).  However,  further  changes in sulfidity from 25 percent  to 30 percent brought  about the decrease in breaking length  and burst factor to  3232 m (decreasing  by 10.59  percent) and 48.631 (decreasing by 9.31 percent), respectively. In another case,  changes in relative  proportion  of mixture between  rubber wood  and four  other  wood  species from  100:0 to 25:75  induced the significant increase in burst factor and folding endurance from 44.163 to 54.357 (increasing by 23.08  percent) and from 39.47  to 83.93  (increasing  by112.64  percent).
ANATOMI BATANG KELAPA (COCOS NUCIFERA L.) Nenny S Sudarna
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 7, No 3 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.7.3.111-117

Abstract

The  anatomical   features   of  coconut   stem   at  several  depth   and  heights   were  each  observed.   The  nature  stem  has 22 to 30.5  cm in diameter  and the hard pheripheral  region of the stem  is 4-8 cm in thickness.The cross section  of  coconut stem  consists  of  four  region. The outer  region of the stem  with  the  thichness of about 0.5 cm is epidermis and the inner region is the pheripheral   region which can be divided into eksopheripheral and endoperipheral regions.   Eksopheripheral region is  0.5-1 cm consists mainly   of  fiber   tissues;  the  endopehripheral    region consists  mainly of  vibrovascular  bundles, about 4-8 cm in thickness. The innest  region is central portion, which  consists mainly  of parenchyma   tissues.There  is a relation  between   frequency and  diameter of  vibrovascular  bundles  in stem,  where the higher the frequency of vibrovascular bundles (229 bundles/sq.cm), the smalller  the diameter  of  vascular bundles  (103 bundles micron).The fiber dimension varies either along or across  the stem as follows: length 1191.6     to  1980.8   microns,  diameter 28.3 to 42.6 microns, wall thickness 5.2 to 13.8  microns. The runkell  ration  varies  from  0.5 to 1.9.
AKTIVASI KEMBALI LIMBAH ARANG AKTIY DARI PABRIK GULA KETELA POHON Gustan Pari; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 1 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.1.36 - 39.

Abstract

A re-activation study of activated charcoal residue from glucose factory has been undertaken at the FPRDC in Bogor, and the result presented in this paper. The residue was subjected to three different treatments, namely unwashed, and washed with respectively 1 % HCl solution and water. Following the treatment, each residue material was then heated in an el.ectric retort, using four different temperatures : 600, 700, 800, and 900°C for 25 minutes. The response evaluated of activated charcoal are the yield, benzene and iodine adsorption. Bleaching test of sugar was then conducted, and the result compared with that obtained using commercial activated carbon.The result shows that heating temperature of 700, 800, and 900°C gives iodine adsorption value, will above 500 mg/g activated carbon. The benzene adsorption value on the other hand is below 39 percent. The bleaching ability of reactivated charcoal on sugar is similar to that of commercial activated carbon.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN DUA DISTRIBUSI UAP AIR PANAS DALAM PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU CAMPURAN Djeni Hendra
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 26, No 1 (2008): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2008.26.1.81-94

Abstract

Dalam tulisan ini dikemukakan hasil penelitian pembuatan arang aktif dari arang serbuk gergaji kayu campuran. Pembuatan arang dilakukan dengan menggunakan tungku semi kontinyu. Arang yang dihasilkan direndam dalam larutan H3PO4 teknis pada konsentrasi 5% selama 24 jam, ditiriskan sampai kering udara, kemudian dimasukan ke dalam retort kapasitas 0,6 m3, selanjutnya dipanaskan pada suhu 700-800°C. Untuk mempercepat kenaikan suhu di dalam retort, kedalamnya sewaktu-waktu dialirkan udara dari kompresor. Apabila suhu telah tercapai, dialirkan uap air panas selama 180 menit, dengan laju alir 1,5 - 2,5 m/s pada tekanan 4 - 6 bar, yang sebelumnya melewati ruang pemanas (heater chamber) pada suhu 400°C. Rendemen arang aktif yang dihasilkan sebesar 56 - 78%, dengan sifat dan kualitas : kadar air 1,27 -4,68%, kadar abu 9,78 - 11,06%, kadar zat terbang 8,64 - 10,84%, kadar karbon terikat 79,41 - 81,10%, daya serap terhadap uap benzena 12,56 - 16,91%, daya serap terhadap uap kloroform 12,38 - 22,83%, daya serap terhadap uap formaldehida 9,66 - 19,28%, dan daya serap terhadap larutan yodium sebesar 784,59 - 821,66 mg/g.
EVALUASI LOGGING TRUK BERDASUKAN UMUR PAKAI, PRODUKTMTAS DAN BIAYAANGKUTAN Sukanda Sukanda
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 9, No 6 (1991): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1991.9.6.247-250

Abstract

In mMy forest coneuions  today, old loggin1 truelu of j   - 9 yean old ore. being med.  Thae  truda  will be continuo,ly uud  "'  long,a  ,,,,,,p,a.ra  ore available Md the equipment can be repaired. TM result, ore low productivit) ..ind laigla co,t.An obsnvotion in the field on 9 and 2-yeor old logging trucks in <AntralKalimantan ,ltow,  Ilse folli>winf   ruultJ  :1.For logging truclc condition o/9-year old, effecti11e working lime if 63 9' and productivity if  10,921m'lyeor wlsiela t1re loWff' .,,.,,,. tluJu.     for logging truck of 2-year old wills effective working hour of 80,5 9' and producti11ilyof 18,678 m.~lyeor.2.Rawling wills lo1ging truck of 9-yeor old if  more ·upensiH  than that of logging. truck of 2-yeor old, _Le  : Rp 4,940lm'l5o 1cm  (  Rp99lm3/lcm) Md  Rp 4,360/m3150 lcm ( Rp 87/m3/lcm), rup«tively  which mean, the dilferenee of $80/m3/$0 km  ( Rp 12/m3ilcm ).3. Due to large amount of maintenance cost, upeciaUy spare part cost than reached 54 9' of tM total cost, the 9-yeor old loainl   trucluore not ef/ieknt_ ~ymore and, dstre/ore, need to be replaced.
Sifat papan semen dari kayu sengon I M Sulastiningsih; P Sutigno; Y H Priyadi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 16, No 5 (1999): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1999.16.5.279-286

Abstract

Papan semen skala laboratorium dibuat dari serutan kayu sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen) dengan perbandingan berat antara kayu dan semen 1: 2, 5. Magnesium khlorida (MgCI2) dan natrium silikat (Na2SIO3) digunakan sebagai katalisator. Banyaknya MgCI2atau Na2SIO3 yang ditambahkan pada saat pembuatan papan semen adalah 0: 2.5: 5; 7,5 dan JO % dari berat semen.Kerapatan rata-rata papan semen yang dibuat adalah 1,17 g/cm3. Macam dan banyaknya katalisator berpengaruh nyata pada sifat fisis dan mekanis papan semen kecuali pada sifat pengembangan linier. Penambahan MgCI2 terutama 5% memperbaiki sifat papan semen, tetapi tidak ada pengaruh yang nyata pada perlakuan lain. Modulus patah papan semen yang dibuat dengan katalisator MgCI2 (118-133 kg/cm2) memenuhi persyaratan BISON dan ISO (90-150 kg/cm2). Keteguhan rekat internal dan papan semen tersebut lebih baik dari pada papan semen yang dibuat dengan katalisator Na2SIO3. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan untuk menambahkan MgCI2 sebanyak 5 % dari berat semen dalam pembuatan papan semen.
KARAKTERISTIK KAYU LAPIS SAWIT Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 27, No 3 (2009): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2009.27.3.245-255

Abstract

Industri kayu lapis nasional mengalami penurunan secara drastis dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Alasan utama penyebab perubahan tersebut adalah masalah ketersediaan bahan baku. Pada sisi lain, di Indonesia terdapat bahan berkayu dari perkebunan sawit secara berlimpah, dan sampai saat ini belum digunakan untuk keperluan industri perkayuan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan evaluasi teknis terhadap penggunaan kayu sawit sebagai bahan baku industri kayu lapis. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui dua unit percobaan, yaitu di PT. Sumalindo, Kalimantan Timur dan PT. Asia Forestama Raya, Riau. Kedua unit pabrik memiliki fasilitas produksi yang berbeda. Sumber keragaman lain yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah jumlah lapisan dan komposisi lapisan Dalam penelitian ini diamati parameter fisis dan mekanis sebagai kriteria kualitas panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi dan efektifitas produksi panel kayu sawit secara nyata dipengaruhi oleh faktor fasilitas produksi.  Pabrik pertama menghasilkan kualitas produk yang lebih baik namun memiliki efisiensi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pabrik kedua. Karakteristik fisis dan mekanis pada panel kayu sawit dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh faktor proses produksi, jumlah lapisan dan komposisi lapisan.  Kualitas fisis dan mekanis panel kayu sawit menurun dengan pertambahan jumlah lapisan dan komposisi venir kayu sawit.  Terdapat korelasi positif antara nilai kerapatan dan keteguhan rekat pada panel kayu lapis sawit. Panel kayu lapis yang dihasilkan dalam percobaan ini dapat memenuhi kualifikasi produk interior. 
STUDI PERBANDINGAN SIFAT MINYAK KAYU CENDANA SEMUT (EXOCARPUS LATIFOLIA R.BR.) DAN CENDANA WANGI (SANTALUM ALBUM L.) Bambang Wiyono; Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 7 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3389.201 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.6.7.443-446

Abstract

The  purpose of  this  research  is  to  compare the  oil. properties of  cendana   semut (Exocarpus latifolia R.Br.) and cendana wiangi (Santalum album  L.). The sandalwood   oils are obtained by  distillation   method   with  cohobation system for  18 hours.Results indicated that  the  essential  oil content of  cendana  semut is lower than  cendana wangi. The cendana semut oil had dark-yellow in colour and slightly thicker.   During the  early  stage  of  distilling  process, the  distillate of cendana semut some whitish  sediment  was formed, presumably consisted of resin. Such  sediment was not found  during  the distilling of  cendana wangi.  The  cendana  wangi oil had yellowish appearance and its viscosity was lower than that of cendana semut. Ester number  after acetylation and total  alcohol content (as santalol) of  cendana  semut oil was lower  than  of cendana wangi  oil.   Colour,  viscosity, and  resin content in  the distillate could be used to differentiate    cendana  semut from  cendana  wangi oil.

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