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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 352 Documents
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EVALUATION OF NUTRITION AND GLYCEMIC INDEX OF SWEET POTATOES AND ITS APPROPRIATE PROCESSING TO HYPOGLYCEMIC FOODS Astawana, Made; Widowati, Sri
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 12, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Indonesia placed the fourth biggest diabetics in the world after India, China, and the USA with prevalence amounting to 8.6% of the population. Diabetes is an abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, nutrition plays a key role in the management of the disease. This study aimed to find hypoglycemic sweet potatoes and appropriate processing to create low glycemic foods. Eight Indonesian sweet potato varieties/clones were used in this experiment, i.e. Kidal, Sukuh, Sari, Ungu, Jago, BB00105.10, B0464, and BB00106.18. Samples were firstly analyzed for their physicochemical and nutritional properties, which then followed by evaluation of their hypoglycemic responses. The selected variety was processed into three different basic processing methods, i.e. boiling, baking, and frying, and then their glycemic indexes (GI) were evaluated. Result showed that among eight sweet potato varieties/clones studied, BB00105.10 clone indicated the best hypoglycemic response. The highest hypoglycemic activity was supported with the highest resistant starch content (3.8%), protein content (5.47%), and low starch digestibility (51.4%). The sweet potato tubers contained medium to high amylose (24.94%). Processing methods influenced the GI value of foods. Fried sweet potatoes had the lowest GI (47), followed by the boiled one (GI = 62) and the baked one (GI = 80).
SEDIMENT TRAPPING BY TERRACED PADDY FIELD ON SLOPPING AGRICULTURAL LAND Sukristiyonubowo, Sukristiyonubowo; Gabriels, D.; Verlooc, M.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 2 (2010): October 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Terraced paddy field is not only important for rural food security, but also for trapping sediment in the slopping land. The aims of this research were to quantify the amount of incoming and outgoing sediments and to study sediment movement behavior during harrowing and fertilizing under traditional irrigation of terraced paddy field system. This study was carried out at Keji Village, Semarang District, Central Java during two cropping seasons, a wet season 2003/04 and a dry season 2004. A paddy field with eight terraces was selected. The terraces were flat, different in size and descending to the river. Sediment samples were taken at harrowing and fertilizing activities. The results indicated that at harrowing, outgoing sediment was higher than incoming both during the wet and the dry seasons. About 0.53 and 0.27 t ha-1 day-1 of soil were eroded during harrowing in the wet and the dry seasons, respectively. However, a week before and after fertilizing, both in the wet and the dry seasons, the amounts of incoming sediment were higher than the outgoing one. In the wet season, the amounts of incoming sediments were three to four times higher than the outgoing one, both a week before and after fertilizing. During the wet season, about 0.31 and 0.34 t ha-1 day-1 of sediment was yielded a week before and after fertilizing, respectively. During the dry season, the incoming sediments were ten times higher than the outgoing one. On an average the sediment yields were about 0.07 and 0.08 t ha-1 day-1 a week before and after fertilizing, respectively. Terraces having greater areas deposited more sediment than those with smaller sizes. During a week before and after first fertilizing, the total amounts of incoming sediments were 6.44 and 1.19 t ha-1 for the wet and dry seasons, while that of outgoing sediments were 1.89 and 0.14 t ha-1 for the wet and dry seasons, respectively. This indicates that terraced paddy fields are not only producing rice, but also providing environmental service in term of sediment trapping. This external service minimizes sedimentation in the downstream.
CONTROL OF COCOA POD BORER AND PHYTOPHTHORA POD ROT USING DEGRADABLE PLASTIC POD SLEEVES AND A NEMATODE, Steinernema carpocapsae Rosmana, Ade; Shepard, Merle; Hebbar, Prakash; Mustari, Anita
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 2 (2010): October 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Cocoa pod borer (CPB; Conopomorpha cramerella) and Phytophthora pod rot (PPR; Phytophthora palmivora) are serious pest and disease on cocoa plantations in Indonesia. Both pest and disease have been controlled with limited success using cultural practices such as pruning, frequent harvesting, sanitation, plastic sleeving, and chemical pesticides. An experiment was conducted on cocoa plantings in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi during the wet season of 2008/09 to test the effect of pod sleeving (with transparent degradable and non-degradable plastic bags) and nematode application on CPB and PPR infestation. The nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (10,000 active juveniles per pod) was sprayed three times at intervals of 10 and 20 days. Pod damage by CPB was observed at harvest time, while PPR disease incidence was evaluated every week until harvest time. Results showed that all pods in the field were infested by CPB as indicated in control samples. Pod sleeving using both non-degradable and degradable plastics significantly reduced pod damage by CPB, from 62.3% in the control treatment compared to 8.4% in the CPB treatment. A combination of pod sleeving and nematode application had a synergistic reduction of pod damage by CPB resulting in totally healthy pods. Pod sleeving with degradable and non-degradable plastics also reduced pod damage by PPR significantly. Pod sleeving with non-degradable plastic suppressed the disease incidence almost zero until 6 weeks after sleeving and the rate of disease incidence was 3.6% per week. However, with degradable plastic, the disease suppression was even longer (7 weeks after sleeving), indicating that the degradable plastic is more effective. Combination of sleeving and nematode application slightly increased PPR infection. Sleeved pods in general had lower rates of PPR infection compared to pods treated with nematode or untreated pods (control). In these two applications, the rate of disease incidence was 7.8% and 8.3% per week respectively. The study implies that biological control using entomopathogenic S. carpocapsae and degradable plastic sleeves are effective and environmentally-friendly to control C. cramerella and P. palmivora on cocoa.
COMBINING EFFECTS OF CULTURAL PRACTICES AND RESISTANT CULTIVARS ON REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF Meloidogyne spp. AND Thrips palmy Karny ON POTATO Setiawati, Wiwin; Karjadi, Asih Kartasih; Soetiarso, Thomas Agoes
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 2 (2010): October 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) and melon thrips(Thrips palmy Karny) are two serious pests on potato. Thesepests are conventionally controlled with synthetic pesticides.Cultural practices based on integrated pest management (IPM)are alternative methods to control these pests. The study aimedto determine the effectiveness of combined applications ofcultural practices and potato cultivars in reducing the incidencesof nematode and thrips. Treatments evaluated were methods ofnematode and thrips control by implementing IPM and conventionalpractices. A split-plot randomized complete block designwith four replications was used. The main plots were IPM orcultural practices (subsoiling, soil solarization and use of trapcrop of marigold Tagetes erecta) and conventional practicesusing synthetic pesticides. The subplots were five potato cultivars,i.e. No. 095 (Herta x FLS–17), 720050/Kikondo, 676068/I.1085, Granola, and Atlantic. The results showed that applicationsof cultural practices in combination with potato cultivarsreduced Meloidogyne spp. population and potato tuber damageby 53.70% and 61.36%, respectively, as well as a significantlydecreased thrips population. In the cultural control plots, thripspopulations were below the action threshold (10.0 nymphs perleaf), therefore no single application of pesticide was used. Thiswas in contrast to the conventional control treatments whereinsecticide was spayed 10 times until harvest. The subsoiling andsolarization cut off the life cycle of the thrips and any survivethrips were trapped by marigold plant. Population of T. palmion the five potato cultivars differed significantly; the lowestpopulation was found on the cultivars No. 095 (Herta x FLS-17)and 676068/I.1085. The cultural control practices combinedwith potato cultivar No. 095 (Herta x FLS–17) were the besttreatment for controlling Meloidogyne spp. and T. palmi onpotato and also produced the highest yield (31.01 t ha-1). Thestudy suggests that cultural control practices in combination withresistant cultivars are recommended as a suitable IPM to controlnematode and thrips on potato crops.
IDENTIFICATION OF A MAJOR QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS CONFERRING RICE BLAST RESISTANCE USING RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES Sobrizal, Sobrizal; Bustamam, Masdiar; Carkum, Carkum; Warsun, Ahmad; Human, Soeranto; Fukuta, Yoshimichi
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae is one of the limitingfactors for rice production world wide. The use of resistantvarieties for managing blast disease is considered as the mosteco-friendly approaches. However, their resistances may bebroken down within a few years due to the appearance of newvirulent blast races in the field. The objective of the presentstudy was to identify the quantitative trait locus (QTL) conferringresistance to blast disease using 126 recombinant inbred(RI) lines originated from a crossing of a durably resistant uplandrice genotype (Laka) and a highly susceptible rice accessioncultivar (Kencana Bali). The RI population was developedthrough a single seed descent method from 1997 to 2004.Resistance of the RI lines was evaluated for blast in an endemicarea of Sukabumi, West Java, in 2005. Disease intensity of theblast was examined following the standard evaluation systemdeveloped by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI).At the same year the RI lines were analyzed with 134 DNAmarkers. Results of the study showed that one major QTL wasfound to be associated with blast resistance, and this QTL waslocated near RM2136 marker on the long arm of chromosome11. This QTL explained 87% of the phenotypic variation with37% additive effect. The map position of this QTL differedfrom that of a partial resistant gene, Pi34, identified previouslyon chromosome 11 in the Japanese durably resistant variety,Chubu 32. The QTL, however, was almost at the same positionas that of the multiple allele-resistant gene, Pik. Therefore, anallelic test should be conducted to clarify the allelic relationshipbetween QTL identified in this study and the Pik. The RI linesare the permanent segregating population that could be veryuseful for analysing phenotypic variations of important agronomictraits possibly owned by the RI lines. The major QTLidentified in this study could be used as a genetic resource inimprovement of rice varieties for blast resistance in Indonesia
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIBAL BEAN (Canavalia virosa) AND ITS ALTERNATIVE TOFU AND TEMPEH FOOD PRODUCTS Djaafar, Titiek F.; Cahyaningrum, Nurdeana; Purwaningsih, Heni
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 2 (2010): October 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Increasing price of soybean becomes a serious problem for producers of traditional foods such as tempeh and tofu. These traditional foods are important protein sources for many Indonesian people. Tribal bean (Canavalia virosa) could be used as a substitution of soybean for tempeh and tofu processing. This study aimed to determine physico-chemical characteristics of tribal bean and its products such as tofu and tempeh. Tribal bean old pods were peeled manually in the Postharvest and Agricultural Machinery Laboratory of the Yogyakarta AIAT. The peeled seeds were dried until 10% water content and their epidermis were removed mechanically by using an abrasive peeler to produce yellowish clean peeled beans. The beans were analyzed physically and chemically using the standard prosedure. Since the tribal bean seeds contained high HCN, to minimize HCN content the beans were presoaked for 48 hours in water. The beans were then mixed with soybean at a ratio of 50:50 or 25:75 and processed for making tempeh and tofu using traditional method. Physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of the tribal bean tempe and tofu were analysed, involving organoleptic test with hedonic method, texture, as well as water, ash, protein and crude fiber contents. The results showed that tribal bean contained protein (37.30%), essential amino acids, minerals and fiber (3.1%), and a toxic substance HCN. Presoaking the beans in water for 48 hours significantly reduced HCN content by 98.51%, from 1334 ppm. Tofu made of a mixture of tribal bean and soybean at a ratio of 25:75 plus 2% rice vinegar as a coagulant has a white color and normal flavor appearances, and was accepted by panelists. The tribal bean tempeh contained 78.1% water, 1.21% ash, 8.14% protein, 3.1% crude fiber, and 44 ppm HCN. Tempeh made of a mixture of tribal bean and soybean at ratios of 50:50 and 25:75 showed good characters (flavor, taste, color, and texture) and panelist acceptance, as well as nutrition values (76% water, 2.71% ash, 14% protein, 0.25% crude fiber, and 14% lipid). However, HCN content in the tofu was still higher (85 ppm HCN) than the recommended maximum value of 50 ppm. This study suggests that tribal bean is more suitable for tempeh than for tofu based on its HCN content.
ENHANCING WATER AND FERTILIZER SAVING WITHOUT COMPROMISING RICE YIELD THROUGH INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT Wardana, I.P.; Gania, A.; Abdulrachman, S.; Bindraban, P.S.; Keulen, H. van
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 2 (2010): October 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Water and fertilizer scarcity amid the increasing need of rice production challenges today’s agriculture. Integrated crop management (ICM) is a combination of water, crop, and nutrient management that optimizes the synergistic interaction of these components aiming at improving resource use efficiency, i.e. high productivity of water, land, and labor. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of crop establishment method, organic matter amendment, NPK management, and water management on yield of lowland rice. Five series of experiments were conducted at Sukamandi and Kuningan Experimental Stations, West Java. The first experiment was focused on crop establishment method, i.e. plant spacing and number of seedlings per hill. The second, third, and fourth experiments were directed to study the effect of NPK and organic matter applications on rice yield. The fifth experiments was designed to evaluate the effect of water management on rice yield. Results showed that 20 cm x 20 cm plant spacing resulted in the highest grain yield for the new plant type rice varieties. Organic matter and P fertilizer application did not significantly affect grain yield, but the yield response to P fertilization tended to be stronger with organic matter amendment. Split P application did not significantly increase grain yield. The use of a scale 4 leaf color chart reading resulted in a considerable N fertilizer saving without compromising rice yield. Intermittent irrigation technique saved water up to 55% without affecting yields, resulting in a 2-3 times higher water productivity.
CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS AND GRAIN YIELD OF RICE FOR TIDAL SWAMP AREAS Hairmansis, Aris; Kustianto, Bambang; Suwarno, Suwarno
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Development of rice varieties for tidal swamp areas is emphasized on the improvement of rice yield potential in specific environment. However, grain yield is a complex trait and highly dependent on the other agronomic characters; while information related to the relationship between agronomic characters and grain yield in the breeding program particularly for tidal swamp areas is very limited. The objective of this study was to investigate relationship between agronomic characters and grain yield of rice as a basis for selection of high yielding rice varieties for tidal swamp areas. Agronomic characters and grain yield of nine advanced rice breeding lines and two rice varieties were evaluated in a series of experiments in tidal swamp areas, Karang Agung Ulu Village, Banyuasin, South Sumatra, for four cropping seasons in dry season (DS) 2005, wet season (WS) 2005/2006, DS 2006, and DS 2007. Result from path analysis revealed that the following characters had positive direct effect on grain yield, i.e. number of productive tillers per hill (p = 0.356), number of filled grains per panicle (p = 0.544), and spikelet fertility (p = 0.215). Plant height had negative direct effect (p = -0.332) on grain yield, while maturity, number of spikelets per panicle, and 1000-grain weight showed negligible effect on rice grain yield. Present study suggests that indirect selection of high yielding tidal swamp rice can be done by selecting breeding lines which have many product tive tillers, dense filled grains, and high spikelet fertility.
PROTOPLAST FUSION BETWEEN WHITE AND BROWN OYSTER MUSHROOMS Djajanegara, Ira; Masduki, Agus
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Genetic crossing of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus floridae)to introduce longer storage life trait can only be done withinindividuals in this particular species. However, longer storagelife trait is possessed by brown oyster mushroom (Pleurotuscystidiosus). Therefore, a protoplast fusion experiment betweenwhite and brown oyster mushrooms was conducted to obtain anoyster mushroom strain showing high productivity and longstorage life. The experiment was done at the biology laboratoryof the University of Al Azhar Indonesia from May 2008 toAugust 2009. Protoplast fusion was done by isolating protoplastfrom 5-day old monokaryotic mycelia grown in potato dextrosebroth (PDB). Around 3.15 x 105 protoplasts ml-1 were harvestedusing mixture of cellulase Onozuka R-10 (1%) and macerozymeR-10 (1%) from brown oyster mushroom with 80.61% viability.Similarly, 3.71 x 105 protoplasts ml-1 were harvested using lysingenzyme (2%) from white oyster mushroom with 83.68% viability.Protoplast fusions were conducted using 40% PEG6000 for10 minutes. The candidate fusants were then screened usingminimum regeneration media (MRM). There were 22 coloniesgrew on MRM media and four colonies (FS1, FS2, FS3, and FS4)showed clamp connection as well as primordia formation to bechosen as candidate fusants. However, isozyme studies usingmalate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase as marker enzymesconfirmed that only FS1 and FS2 were the hybridized products.The two colonies showed different mycelia growth patterns andhyphae sizes, fruit body morphology and productivity comparedto their parents. These two fusants, however, did not indicatethe presence of longer storage life trait as expected despite ahigher productivity achieved by FS1. In this study, the protoplastfusion only yielded higher productivity strain of mushroomwith different colors without any changes in storage life.
IDENTIFICATION OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETIES SUITABLE FOR DRY SEASON AND WET SEASON PLANTING Sumarno, Sumarno; Sutisna, Entis
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Rice planting on dry and wet seasons faces a specific climatological characteristic, which affects directly on rice growth and yield. Fifteen rice genotypes were evaluated for their seasonal planting adaptation at Sukamandi Experimental Station, Subang, West Java, during the dry and wet seasons of 2009-2010.Randomized complete block design with three replications was applied on the experiment. Plot size was 4 m x 6 m and plant spacing was 20 cm x 20 cm. Standard agronomic practices were applied on both planting season experiments. Data were collected for major morphological traits, days to grain maturity and grain yield, measured on wet and dry basis (11% moisture content). Data were analysed for analyses of variance for each season and for combined seasons, and mean values separation of the variable used the 5% Duncan Multiple Range Test. Correlation between grain yields and morphological variable data were computed for each season and for combined seasons. The correlation coefficients of variables and grain yield were partitioned into direct and indirect causes using path analyses. Combined analyses of variances indicated significant effects of genotypes, seasons and genotypes x seasons interaction for almost all variables, including grain yields, suggesting there were seasonal adaptation specificity among genotypes. Five genotypes were identified as suitable for dry season planting, and ninegenotypes as suitable for wet season planting. Among those genotypes, three genotypes, namely Mekongga, Inpari-10 and OM 5240 were suitable for both dry and wet season planting. Ciherang and Cigeulis varieties were more suitable for dry season, while Cibogo, Inpari-1, Inpari-3, Inpari-5, and Inpari-8 were more suitable for wet season planting. Adopting the most productive rice varieties for planting on dry or wet season as was suggested on this research should increase rice production substantially. To facilitate the availability of varieties adaptedfor a specific planting season, rice breeding should purposedly apply a directional selection of lines suitable for specific planting season, starting on the early generation of selection. 

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