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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 352 Documents
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LAND USE CHANGE AND RECOMMENDATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF PEATLAND FOR AGRICULTURE: Case Study at Kubu Raya and Pontianak Districts, West Kalimantan Wahyunto, Wahyunto; Supriatna, Wahyu; Agus, Fahmuddin
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Peatland is an increasingly important land resource for livelihood,economic development, and terrestrial carbon storage. Kubu Raya and Pontianak Districts of West Kalimantan rely their future agricultural development on this environmentally fragile peatland because of the dominance (58% and 16% area, respectively) of this land in the two districts. A study aimed to evaluate land use changes on peatland and to develop strategies for sustainable peatland use and management for agriculture. Time series satellite imageries of land use and land cover,ground truthing, and statistical data of land use change were analyzed for generating the dynamics of land use changes in the period of 1986-2008. Field observation, peat sampling, and peat analyses of representative land use types were undertaken to assess peat characteristics and its agricultural suitability. The study showed that within 22 years (1986-2008), the area of peat forests in Kubu Raya and Pontianak Districts decreased as much as 13.6% from 391,902 ha to 328,078 ha. The current uses of the peatland in the two districts include oil palm plantation (8704 ha), smallholder rubber plantation (13,186 ha), annual crops (15,035 ha), mixed cropping of trees and annual crops (22,328 ha), and pineapple farming (11,744 ha). Our evaluationshowed unconformity of the current uses of peatland with regulations and crops agronomic requirements such as peat thickness and maturity, rendering unsustainability. This study recommends that expansion of agriculture and plantation on peatland areas be limited over idle land within the agricultural production and conversion production forest areas. About 34,362 ha (9.7%) of uncultivated log-over forest and shrubscan potentially be developed for agriculture. Peat soils with the thickness of >3 m should be allocated for conservation or forest protection due to low inherent soil fertility and high potential greenhouse gas emissions if converted for agriculture. 
EVALUATION OF NATURAL ENEMIES IN CONTROLLING OF THE BANANA WEEVIL BORER Cosmopolites sordidus Germar IN WEST SUMATRA Hasyim, Ahsol; Azwana, Azwana; Syafril, Syafril
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10, No 2 (2009): October 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

The banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar, is an important pest of highland banana and plantain in Africa, but it exists in low densities in presumed area of origin in Southeast Asia such as in Indonesia. This suggests a possible existence of effective co-evolved natural enemies in the origin area of Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate banana weevil pest status at selected sites in West Sumatra, (2) to survey parasitoids and predators, and(3) to determine the control potential of the most important natural enemies. Surveys were undertaken in March 2002-August 2003 in five locations in West Sumatra, i.e., Bukittinggi, Sitiung, Pariaman, Pasaman, and Batusangkar. Five farms per site were selected randomly among all farms that contained banana stands of > 0.5 ha. Sampling for banana weevil adults and damage, and for predators was done throughout small banana stands and within a 20 m x 40 m (0.08 ha) subplot on largerfarms. Field-collected larvae were taken to the laboratory and reared on corm pieces (3 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm) until pupation. Larvae were collected from pseudostem as well as corm residues. To estimate the abundance of non-social predators, i.e., those other than ants, 10 residues each on each farm were examined from plants that had been harvested 1-4 weeks, 5-8 weeks or 9 or more weeks before our visit to the site. Samples of thedifferent morphospecies were saved in alcohol for later identification. The result showed that the banana weevil incidence was found to be low,  0.6-1.7 adults per trap. Plant damage indices were below 2.2%. We collected and reared 24,360 eggs and 3118 larvae, but no parasitism was detected. Phorids (Megaselia sp.) and drosophilids were recovered from larval rearings, but most likely were scavengers. A complex of predators was detected, the most important of which was the histerid beetles,  Plaesius javanus Erichson. In laboratory tests, adults and larvae of P.  javanus attacked 75-88% and 38-53% of banana weevil larvae and pupae, respectively. Predatory ants, including species of Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Formicinae, and Dolichoderinae, were found to be associated with bananaplants and residues. Adults of Myopopone castanea Smith (Ponerinae) were directly observed attacking banana weevil larvae in crop residues. The adult banana weevil mortalities caused by the entomopathogen fungi of Beauveria bassiana from Baso, Sungaitarab, Sei Sariek, and Sikabau at highest density (3.2 x 108 spores ml-1) after two weeks were 96.67%, 90.00%, 60.00% and 83.33%, respectively. The high diversity of habitatconditions in which crop-pest-natural enemies systems exist, support the idea that banana weevil population and damage intensity in the study area is low due to active role of natural enemies.
MINERALOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPODOSOLS IN TOBA HIGHLAND, NORTH SUMATRA H. Prasetyo, B.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10, No 2 (2009): October 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Spodosols are problem soils due to coarse texture, acid soilreaction, low nutrient status, and low soil moisture retention.About 2.16 million ha of Spodosols (1.1% of the Indonesianland areas) distributed in lowland and highland areas inKalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Papua. Spodosols of theToba highland areas require special attention because theseforested lands are gradually cleared, but then abandoned becausethey are not suitable for agricultural development, causing landdegradation. This study aimed to evaluate mineralogical andchemical characteristics of Toba highland Spodosols, NorthSumatra, and their implication on agricultural development.Three pedons of the Toba highland Spodosols from HumbangHasundutan regency were studied, consisted of soils developedfrom volcanic sand overlying liparite tuff under the influenceof low temperature and high rainfall. Field observation wasconducted in January 2008. Fifteen soil samples were collectedfrom the three pedons based on the depth of soil horizon.Results indicated that the formation of these Spodosols wereinfluenced by parent material, high elevation (1676-1821 mabove sea level), and by high amount of rainfall (2167 mm).The Spodosols in Toba highland were still in the early stage ofdevelopment as characterized by shallow effective soil depth(22-23 cm), domination of weatherable minerals (39-81%) inthe sand fraction and dominated by amorphous mineral asshown by sum of A1 + 1/2 Fe extracted by ammonium oxalateas much as 0.6-12.8%. The Spodosols were also characterizedby coarse texture (66-95% sand fraction in E and B horizons),high organic-C content (1.4-37.7%), acid soil reaction (pH 3.7-5.3), very high K2O in Oa horizon (552-933 mg kg-1) and Bspodic or C horizon (812-2028 mg kg-1), and low base saturation(< 5%). The existence of biological processes in the surfacelayer was indicated by accumulation of exchangeable bases(0.88-1.14 cmolc kg-1 in Oa horizon and 0.09-0.25 cmolc kg-1in B horizon), P2O5 (181-298 mg kg-1 in Oa horizon and 3-24 mg kg-1in E horizon), and K2O (552-933 mg kg-1 in Oa horizon and 13-30 mg kg-1 in E horizon). However, these nutrients were easilyleached after deforestation. With the sandy texture, loosestructure, and no vegetation cover, the erosion hazard is highin the deforested areas. Therefore, lands with Spodosols of theToba highland, especially are not recommended for agriculturaldevelopment, rather they should be kept as forest lands.
RESPONSE OF POTATO TO POTASSIUM FERTILIZER SOURCES AND APPLICATION METHODS IN ANDISOLS OF WEST JAVA Gunadi, Nikardi
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10, No 2 (2009): October 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

An experiment to determine the response of potato to potassium(K) fertilizer sources and application methods in Andisolsof West Java was conducted at a farmer’s field in the highlandarea of Pangalengan (1400 m asl.), West Java from August toNovember 2004. The treatments consisted of two K fertilizersources (potassium chloride-KCl and potassium sulphate-K2SO4),two K rates (150 and 250 kg K2O ha-1), and three applicationmethods (single, split, and split combined with foliar application),were arranged in a randomized complete block design withfour replications. In the single application treatment, K wasapplied at planting, while in the split application treatment theK was applied half rate at planting and the rest at 6 weeks afterplanting (WAP). In the split combined with foliar applicationtreatment, the K fertilizer was applied half rate at planting, aquarter rate at 6 WAP and another quarter rate by foliar sprayingat 7, 8 and 9 WAP. The results showed that plant height was notsignificantly affected by the treatment (P >0.05). However, thesources and application methods of K fertilizer affected canopycover, crop cover weeks (CCW), tuber dry weight (DW), andtotal plant DW at 10 WAP. Potatoes supplied with K2SO4 eitherin split or split combined with foliar application had significantlyhigher percent canopy cover, CCW, tuber DW, and totalplant DW than those supplied with K fertilizer in single application.Potatoes supplied with K2SO4 had a higher tuber yieldcompared to those fertilized with KCl, especially under split orsplit combined with foliar application. To attain the same levelof tuber yield as in the split combined with foliar applicationmethod, the rate of K2SO4 should be increased from 150 to 250 kgK2O ha-1 when using single application. It is therefore suggestedthat K2SO4 for potatoes should be used in split applicationcombined with foliar application.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSTED BIO-TOILET RESIDUE AND ITS POTENTIAL USE AS A SOIL CONDITIONER Triastuti, Jovita; Sintawardani, Neni; Irie, Mitsuteru
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10, No 2 (2009): October 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Bio-toilet is a dry toilet where human excreta is trapped in a lignocelluloses soil matrix such as wood sawdust, then it is decomposed by aerobic  bacteria to organic compost rich in minerals such as N, P, and K. The study aimed to characterize the bio-toilet residue and its potential use as a soil conditioner for Jatropha curcas. The study was conducted in a private school of Daarut Tauhid in Bandung West Java. A bio-toilet S-50 type of Japan was constructed consisting of a composting chamber, mixer, heater, exhaust fan, and closet. The composting chamber was filled with 63 kg of Albizzia sawdust. Feces and urine was loaded daily by 54 students for 122-day observation. At the end of observation, the decomposed bio-toilet residue was evaluated for its physical properties such as bulk density (rb), porosity (%), and water retention (WR). Chemical properties such as pH, C/N ratio, N, P, and K, as well as microbiological properties such as numbers of bacteria, fungi, and worm eggs were evaluated at 14 and 122 days of decomposition process. Effect of the composted bio-toilet residue as plant growth media was evaluated using J. curcass as a plant indicator. Before it was used as a growth media, the composted bio-toilet residue was dried in a room temperature for 30 days. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized design 2 x 4 factorial with threereplications. The first factor was the rate of composted biotoilet residue, i.e., 0, 20, 40, and 60% based on weight of the growth media mixture (1500 g pot-1), and the second was NPK fertilizer addition at 0 and 2 g pot-1. Each pot was planted with 2-month old of J. curcas seedlings. Parameters evaluated were leaf number, leaf area, stem height, and stem diameter measured at 12 weeks after planting. The results showed that the biotoilet residue was suitable as soil conditioner because it had highporosity (76%), low bulk density (0.19 g cm-3), high water retention (2.6 ml g-1 DM), neutral pH (6.9), C/N ratio 27, and contained N, P, K, and Na of 1.73, 1.15, 1.03, and 0.88%, respectively. Its microbial count showed only two kinds of bacteria, i.e., Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli,detected at 14 and 122 days of bio-toilet usage. The composted bio-toilet residue improved vegetative performances of J. curcas as indicated by increasing leaf number, leaf area, stem height, and stem diameter.
NUTRITIONAL AND ROTI QUALITY OF SORGHUM GENOTYPES Chavan, U.D.; Patil, J.V.; Shinde, M.S.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10, No 2 (2009): October 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Sorghum grains are mostly used for the roti preparation. TheM 35-1 (Maldhandi) a sorghum cultivar is known for its goodquality of roti due to having pearly white grain color, its flourhaving higher water holding capacity, and good organoleptictaste. However, this cultivar is low yielder. To evolve sorghumhigh yielding genotype coupled with this good roti qualities,systematic breeding program was planned and executed toovercome this problem. Twenty local land races, 92 genotypes,and seven improved cultivars of sorghum along with check M35-1 were studied for various nutritional quality parameters,with special reference to the roti quality. Considering nutritionalquality and organoleptic evaluation parameters studied for rotiquality, the local land races viz., RSLG 428-1, RSLG 1238,RSLG 1275 and the genotypes viz., RSV 290, RSV 292, RSV858, RSV 859, RSV 861, RSV 868, RSV 894, RSV 985, RSV 992,RSV 995, RSV 999 were found to be promising for protein,sugar, water absorption, and soluble protein content. Therefore,they can be used for further improvement in nutritional qualitythrough breeding program. Among the improved cultivars, PhuleVasudha (RSV 423), CSV 22, and Phule Chitra (SPV 1546) werefound to be most promising for roti quality. The maximum scorefor overall acceptability was found for Phule Vasudha followedby Phule Anuradha (RSV 458), Phule Yeshoda (RSLG 262), andPhule Maulee (CSV 216).
ALTERNATIVE TREE CROPS FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE POST-TSUNAMI IN THE COASTAL AREAS OF ACEH BARAT DISTRICT Wahyunto, Wahyunto; Ritung, Sofyan; Wahdini, Wahyu; Agus, Fahmuddin
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10, No 1 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Tree farming such as coconut, cocoa, coffee, rubber, and rambutan was dominant in the west coast of Aceh prior to tsunami. The farming is not only important for sustainable livelihood, but also for superior environmental protection. During the tsunami, considerable portion of this ‘green infrastructure’ was devastated. Therefore, a scientifically based land suitability evaluation is needed for supporting the redesign and  reconstruction of the tree-based farming. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the current physical condition of the area and developrecommendation of land suitability for tree crops farming in the area. Field survey for inventory and evaluation of land characteristics was conducted in 2006, 15 months after the tsunami. Land suitability evaluation was conducted by matching field survey data and soil sample analyses in every mapping unit with crop growth requirements. The land suitability map wasfurther matched with the district development plan, existing land uses and land status. The resulted land use recommendation map showed that the marine ecosystem along the coastal line was most suitable for coconut, cacao, coffee, and casuarinas. The recommended tree crops for the ancient sandy beach were areca nut, coconut, rambutan, mango, rubber and oil palm; and for the alluvial ecosystem were coconut, cacao, areca nut, mango, and bread fruit. Peatland of less than 3 m thick was marginally suitable for oil palm and rubber, while those thicker than 3 m were recommended for conservation due to its fragile ecosystem. In the undulating tectonic plain, the suitable tree crops were rubber, oil palm, coconut, and rambutan.
THE GENOTYPES X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION FOR STARCH YIELD IN NINE-MONTH OLD CASSAVA PROMISING CLONES Sholihin, Sholihin
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10, No 1 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is planted in dry areas with different environmental conditions, therefore the yield is varied. The aim of the study was to analyze the genotype x environment interaction for starch yield in 9-month old cassava promising clones. The experiment was conducted on mineral soils in four different locations, i.e. Lumajang-East Java (Inceptisols), Kediri-East Java (Entisols), Pati-Central Java (Alfisols), and Tulangbawang-Lampung (Ultisols) during 2004- 2005. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with three replications. The main plots were cultivation techniques, i.e. simple technology and improved technology, whereas the subplots were 15 cassava promising clones. Starch yield of 9- month old cassava plants was analysed using the additive maineffects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI). The results showed that environmental factors determined the stability of starch yield were soil bulk density on subsoil, the number of rainy days at fifth month, minimum air temperature at fourth month, and minimum air humidity at seventh month. CMM97002-183, Adira 4, CMM97007-145, CMM97007-235, Malang 2, CMM97002-36, and CMM97006-44 were identified as the stable cassava clones for starch yield in 9-month old. Average starch yield of Adira 4 was the third after MLG 10311 and CMM 97006-52. The CMM97006-52 was adapted to the soils having high P2O5 content on topsoil, high minimum air temperature at 4 and 5 months after planting, high minimum relative humidity at 7 months after planting, low total rainfall at 5 months after planting, and low number of rainy days at 5 and 8 months after planting. MLG 10311 was adapted to low soil bulk density. The average starch yield of MLG 10311 was the highest at 9 months after planting. The study implies that advanced trials for CMM 977006-52 and MLG 10311 clonesare needed, so the clones can be released as new varieties of cassava. In selection and evaluation, the bulk density on subsoil is needed to be attained specifically to increase the probability to obtain new variety of cassava.
SOYBEAN SEEDLING ROOT GROWTH PROMOTION BY 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE DEAMINASE-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONADS Husen, Edi; Wahyudi, Aris Tri; Suwanto, Antonius; Saraswati, Rasti
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10, No 1 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Pseudomonad producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC) deaminase (E.C.4.1.99.4) has been known to promoteplant growth by lowering ethylene biosynthesis in higher plants,which can be induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production.The objective of this study was to examine the ability of IAAproducingPseudomonas isolated from local soil environment(rhizosphere of soybean grown in Plumbons agricultural areain Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia) to promote soybean root growthin relation to their ACC deaminase activities. The experimentswere conducted in growth room and Laboratory of Soil BiologyResearch, Indonesian Soil Research Institute, Bogor, from Januaryto August 2008. Soybean seeds were inoculated by immersing theseeds for 1 hour in bacterial cell suspension containingapproximately 108-109 cells ml-1. The seeds were then germinatedfor 2 days before planting in growth pouches containing sterilizeddistilled water. All treated and untreated seeds were grown for7 days in growth room at 24°C with 1300 lux of light intensityfor 12-hour followed by a 12-hour dark period at 22°C. ACCdeaminase activity of the isolates was assayed based on their abilityto grow in Dworkin-Foster’s salt minimal medium containingammonium sulfate or ACC as a source of nitrogen. Thirteen outof 81 isolates tested significantly increased soybean root lengthand weight, up to 50% from untreated plants. Of 13 isolates,11 demonstrated ACC deaminase activities. Two isolates thatdid not show ACC deaminase activities had lower capacity toproduce IAA. The results suggest that the effectiveness of IAAproducingPseudomonas in promoting the growth of the soybeanseedlings is associated with their ACC deaminase activities orthey produce IAA at low levels.
THE CONTINUAL FORMING AND CONTRIBUTION OF INFECTIVE JUVENILES PRODUCED VIA ENDOTOKIA MATRICIDA OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES IN THE FAMILY OF STEINERNEMATIDAE AND HETERORHABDITIDAE Baliadi, Yuliantoro; Kondo, E.; Yoshiga, T.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10, No 1 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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The non-feeding developmentally arrested infective juveniles (IJs)of entomopathogenic nematodes in the family of Steinernematidaeand Heterorhabditidae seek out a susceptible insect host and initiateinfections. The aim of the research was to examine the continualforming and contribution of IJs produced via endotokia matricida(IJs-EM) of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema glaseri,and S. carpocapsae. The research was conducted at the Laboratoryof Nematology of the Saga University, Japan (April 2001-April2002) and the Laboratory of Nematology of the IndonesianLegume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (June 2003-October2004). The nematode progenies were investigated using the greaterwax moth, Galleria mellonella, pre-inoculated with 50 IJs at 25°C.Results showed that three reproductive adult generations wereobserved at day 18th. There were 135,000, 128,000 and 133,000 IJsper insect cadaver produced in H. bacteriophora, S. glaseri and S.carpocapsae, respectively. Endotokia matricida contributed ahigher number of IJs than that of a normal mode of IJs production.The ratios are 81%, 28% and 64% for H. bacteriophora, S. glaseri,and S. carpocapsae of the IJs total production, respectively. Amongthe generations, the highest contribution of IJs was come from thethird adult generation bearing endotokia matricida, i.e., 63%, 24%and 51% for the three nematode species. Although the IJs-EMwere more transparent compared to the normal IJs, they weremorphologically similar. The results show that endotokia matricidahas a pivotal role in a species maintenance and survival strategyof entomopathogenic nematodes in extreme environmental conditions.

Page 4 of 36 | Total Record : 352

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