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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 352 Documents
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THE FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY OF RICE DRYERS: A Case Study in Subang District, West Java Swastika, Dewa Ketut Sadra
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 13, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Drying is a critical activity in rice postharvest handling. Any delay in drying will result in quality and quantity losses. Farmers and traders prefer to sell wet grain rather than dried grain of unhulled rice due to less attractive incentive for them to do drying. The study was conducted in Subang District, West Java, during March-June 2011 using survey method to analyze the financial feasibility of rice dryers. The respondents interviewed were 15 rice millers who have either sun-drying floor or mechanical dryer, or both. The main collected data were the investment cost, operational cost, maintenance cost, and the revenue of the dryers. The data were analyzed by using shortterm and long-term financial analyses to assess the profitability and feasibility of some drying technologies. The results showed that there were at least three drying technologies in the study area, namely sun-drying floor, flatbed dryer using gas fuel (gas dryer), and flatbed dryer using rice husk fuel (husk dryer). Under the mean capacity, the short-run MBCR of technological change from sun dryer to gas dryer was 1.29, while from sun dryer to husk dryer was 1.45. The long-run analysis showed that the IRRs were 44.44% for sun dryer, 233.47% for gas dryer, and 260.49% for husk dryer. These results showed that among the three drying technologies, husk dryer is the most profitable, most feasible, and most prospective to be adopted. Therefore, this type of dryer should be intensively promoted to the farmers’ group associations, rice traders, and rice millers. The government support in terms of rice dryers for farmers’ group associations should be focused on husk dryer.
MORPHOLOGICAL, PATHOGENIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri ISOLATES FROM MAHARASHTRA, INDIA Mandhare, V.K.; Deshmukh, G.P.; Patil, J.V.; Kale, A.A.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 12, No 2 (2011): October 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (FOC) is considered as one of the major factors of low productivity in chickpea. The present study was conducted to determine the morphological, pathogenic and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variability of twenty isolates of FOC collected from the Maharashtra State of India, along with four reference isolates corresponding to four known FOC races. Pathogenicity of each isolate was confirmed using the wilt susceptible chick-pea genotype JG-62. The mycelia of all the isolates were septate, hyaline and profusely branched. All the FOC isolates produced micro- and macro-conidia in pure culture within seven days after inoculation. Based on the abilities of the isolates to cause dis-ease on an international set of chickpea differentials and genetic variability estimated by the RAPD technique, these 24 isolates were grouped into two pathotypes, i.e. pathotype I and pathotype II.
EX VITRO ROOTING OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) PLANTLETS DERIVED FROM TISSUE CULTURE Sumaryono, Sumaryono; Riyadi, Imron
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 12, No 2 (2011): October 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Plantlets of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) derived from so-matic embryos sometimes do not form well developed-roots. Root formation of unrooted-plantlets can be induced with aux-in during ex vitro acclimatization period to simplify the proce-dure and to reduce seedling production cost. Experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design to determine the effect of different types of auxin, i.e. indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 1-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) at different concentrations, i.e. 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mM on root development of oil palm plantlets. The plantlets used were derived from somatic embryos of MK 649 oil palm clone. The basal end of the shoots was dipped in auxin solution for 10 minutes before the shoot was cultured in a small plastic pot containing a mixed growing medium. The cultures were then placed inside a closed transparent plastic tunnel (240 cm x 100 cm x 95 cm) for 12 weeks. The results showed that without auxin treatment only 15% of the shoots formed roots. Dipping in auxin solution increased significantly root frequen-cy to more than 50%. The best root formation was found on the shoots treated with 2 mM NAA by which rooting frequency was 80%. Auxin treatments also increased root quality as indi-cated by more number of primary and secondary roots. IAA, IBA, and NAA treatments at all concentrations tested increased significantly shoot height on average by 42% and shoot diame-ter by 30% compared to control treatment, but did not influ-ence root length. The best treatment for inducing roots of oil palm plantlets ex vitro was by dipping the basal end of the plant-lets in 2 mM NAA solution. The result showed that rooting of oil palm plantlets could be successfully conducted ex vitro that would eliminate sterile rooting stage thus simplify the protocol and reduce seedling production time and cost.
RURAL FARMERS’ PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL ZONE OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA Ofuoku, A.U.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 12, No 2 (2011): October 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Farmer perception of their environment is a factor of climate change. Adaptation to climate change requires farmers to realize that the climate has changed and they must identify useful adaptations and implement them. This study analyzed the per-ception of climate change among rural farmers in central agri-cultural zone of Delta State, Nigeria. Climate change studies often assume certain adaptations and minimal examination of how, when, why, and conditions under which adaptations usually take place in any economic and social systems. The study was conducted by survey method on 131 respondents using struc-tured interview schedule and questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and linear regression model to test that education, gender, and farming experience influenced farmers’ perception of climate change. The results showed that the farmers were aware of climate change. The identified causes of climate change were ranging from intensified agriculture, population explosion, increased use of fossil fuel, loss of in-digenous know practice to gas flaring. The effects of climate change on crops and livestocks were also identified by the rural farmers. Many of the farmers adapted to climate change by planting trees, carrying out soil conservation practice, changing planting dates, using different crop varieties, installing fans in livestock pens, and applying irrigation. Almost half of them did not adapt to climate change. The linear regression analysis revealed that education, gender, and farming experience influ-enced farmers’ perception of climate change. The major barriers to adaptation to climate change included lack of information, lack of money, and inadequate land.
AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS FOR ASSESSING AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT IN UPPER BRANTAS WATERSHED, INDONESIA Shofiyati, Rizatus; Honda, Kiyoshi; Pawitan, Hidayat
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 12, No 2 (2011): October 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

In Indonesia, drought disasters have been reoccurring more frequently in recent years. The 1997-1998 El Nino had caused the worst drought to Indonesia in the last 50 years and disrupted rice production. Remote sensing (RS) and geographic informa-tion system (GIS) provide good capability to achieve spatially distributed information over wide area coverage and multi-temporal data to give sufficient information to anticipate those situations. The study aimed to develop a method using GIS combined with satellite data for monitoring and assessing agri-cultural drought in Brantas Watershed, Indonesia. The drought factors were determined based on expert knowledge analysis. Risk assessment method was developed using weighting which is determined based on significant factors of drought, i.e. rainfall pattern, irrigation status, ground water capacity, soil drainage, and land cover. Satellite data were used to analyze the characteristics of temporal variations of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) against drought factors. Weighting scores were determined by analyzing NDVI character using changes in NDVI and normal line diagram of each factor. The accuracy of drought risk map was evaluated by comparing drought risk level and NDVI value. The results indicated that expert knowledge analysis of the drought factors showed significant influence on NDVI value. Drought risk and drought status showed a high positive correlation with R2 = 0.85 for NOAA AVHRR, meaning that there is a significant correlation between the two (r = 0.92). The results of this study can be used to determine spatially location of drought-prone areas based on bio-physical factor causes. Therefore, it can be make recom-mendation for prevention of agricultural drought in the future.
PERFORMANCE OF GRAIN QUALITY AND AROMA OF AROMATIC NEW PLANT TYPE PROMISING RICE LINES Lestari, Angelita Puji; Abdullah, Buang; Junaedi, Ahmad; Aswidinnoor, Hajrial
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 12, No 2 (2011): October 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Grain quality and aroma are important characteristics of rice that affect consumer acceptance. This research was conducted to study the grain quality and aroma of aromatic new plant type (NPT) promising rice lines. Thirty five lines as well as Ciherang and Sintanur varieties were planted at Bogor and Pusakanagara, West Java in the dry season (DS) 2009 and wet season (WS) 2009. Three methods, i.e. leaf aroma tested with KOH, rice aroma tested in the test tube, and cooked rice aroma test, were used to evaluate the aroma of the lines. The results showed that line B11742-RS*2-3-MR-34-1-2-1 was aromatic identified using different methods. The line had long, slender, and small chalkiness grains, high percentage of head rice, high amylose, and hard texture. Lines IPB 140-F-6, B11249-9C-PN-3-3-2-2-MR-1, and B11955-MR-84-1-4 also had a high aroma score and grain yield. Testing leaf aroma with KOH can be used as early selection method in breeding program for aromatic lines. Lines derived from aromatic parents from highlands of South Sulawesi did not show consistent aroma under three testing methods. Those tested lines had good grain quality, both physical and cooked rice quality.
GENESIS AND PROPERTIES OF PEAT AT TOBA HIGHLAND AREA OF NORTH SUMATRA Prasetyo, Bambang Hendro; Suharta, Nata
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 12, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

In Indonesia, peat soil in the highland area is only found in the plateau of Toba Highland, North Sumatra, and its morphologi-cal, physical, and chemical properties have been studied. Four profiles of peat soil were made in the field and eighteen samples were taken and analyzed in laboratory. Most of the properties of highland peat were similar with lowland peat. The differences were in their Al saturation, P retention, and andic soil properties. High Al saturation was resulted from weathering of primary minerals under the acid condition. Andic soil properties were caused by amorphous materials resulted from weathering of volcanic materials in the peat, and P retention was related with the presence of amorphous materials. Phosphate retention of the highland peat was classified high (>60%) and positively correlated with amorphous materials. The presence of amor-phous materials was confirmed by ammonium oxalate extract-able Alo+½Feo. The presence of andic soil properties in the highland peat created problem in their classification. To provide a place for andic soil properties that influence the P retention in the highland peat soil, the soil classification of peat soil should be modified by adding andic modifier at subgroup level.
LABORATORY AND FIELD EVALUATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM Cymbopogon nardus AS OVIPOSITION DETERRENT AND OVICIDAL ACTIVITIES AGAINST Helicoverpa armigera Hubner ON CHILI PEPPER Setiawati, Wiwin; Murtiningsih, Rini; Hasyim, Ahsol
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 12, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

The fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) is one of the key pests of chili pepper in Indonesia. Yield loss due to this insect pest may reach up to 60%. Chemical treatment for con-trolling this insect pest is ineffective and eventually leads to environmental pollution. More environmentally safe insecticides are developed based on natural plant ingredients as their active compound such as essential oils. This study aimed to assess the potential of citronella oil for managing H. armigera on chili pepper. The experiments were conducted at the Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute from April 2009 to March 2010 and in Cirebon, West Java from November 2009 to March 2010. A field experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and replicated five times. Citronella oil was extracted by steam distillation from Cymbo-pogon  nardus. The oil was then chemically characterized by using GC-MS and its efficacy (ovicidal and feeding deterrent) against H. armigera was tested both in laboratory and field conditions. The GC-MS result showed that major chemical compounds of the citronella oil used were citronella (35.97%), nerol (17.28%), citronellol (10.03%), geranyle acetate (4.44%), elemol (4.38%), limonene (3.98%), and citronnellyle acetate (3.51%). The laboratory experiment revealed that the highest concentration (4,000 ppm) of citronella oil reduced egg laying by 53-66%. Ovicidal activity was concentration dependent, and egg hatchability decreased by 15-95% compared to control. The field experiment showed that treatment of citronella oil at 2.0 mL L-1 significantly reduced fruit damage by H. armigera similar to the plots treated with spinosad at the recommended dose (60 g ai ha-1). Application of citronella oil significantly reduced fruit damage by 72% and increased quality of the chili pepper. Because oviposition and feeding deterrent properties are key factors in controlling the pest, therefore this study revealed that citronella oil has potential to be incorporated into the controlling program of H. armigera on chili pepper.
CHARACTERIZING THE SOIL FOR IMPROVED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN SELECTED MAIZE GROWING AREAS OF INDONESIA Fauzi, Achmad I.; Agus, Fahmuddin; Sukarman, Sukarman; Nugroho, Kusumo
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 12, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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The demand for maize, the second most important food crop in Indonesia, is steadily increasing. Knowledge of soil properties is a key element in developing nutrient management system. The aims of this study were to characterize and classify the soils at the family level of Soil Taxonomy and linking the taxa with nutrient management systems. The study was conducted at the Site Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM) for maize in Indonesia from June to October 2005. Eight soil profiles were taken from Karo (North Sumatra), Sidomulyo (Lampung), Wonogiri and Grobogan (Central Java), Wonokerto, Mojoayu, and Tuban (East Java), and Jeneponto (South Sulawesi). The soil samples were analyzed for their physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics. Soil profile description followed the Standard Guidelines of the Food and Agriculture Organiza-tion. Results showed that the sites for the SSNM represented a wide range of soils and climate characteristics from Entisols with 1,050 mm annual rainfall in Jeneponto to Oxisols with 2,200 mm annual rainfall in Lampung. Most soils had a fine texture class (clay and clay loam), but in places like Lampung and Wonogiri, the clay had a low activity leading to a low cation exchange capacity (CEC) and low exchangeable cations, especially K. The relatively high-K status soils were found in Karo, Grobogan, and Tuban sites. Organic matter and, in consequence, total N were relatively low for all SSNM sites. Available P status ranged from low to high. The low available P in Grobogan, Wonokerto, and Mojoayu soils seemed to be related to high pH, while in Lampung it was due to low pH. Exchangeable Ca and Mg were high in Grobogan, Mojoayu, Karo, and Tuban due to the presence of weatherable minerals such as hypersthene, augite, and hornblende. In general, this study suggests that organic matter, N, and P will be needed across the sites. K addition will be necessary for Karo, Lampung and Wonogiri, while in other SSNM areas, maintenance rates for K will be needed unless plant residues are recycled.
RESISTANCE EVALUATION ON POPULATIONS OF CROSSES BETWEEN TRANSGENIC POTATO KATAHDIN RB AND NON-TRANSGENIC ATLANTIC AND GRANOLA TO LATE BLIGHT (Phytophthora infestans) IN CONFINED FIELD TRIAL Ambarwati, Alberta Dinar; Herman, Muhammad; Purwito, Agus; Sumaraw, Sientje Mandang; Aswidinnoor, Hajrial
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 12, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Late blight resistance gene (RB gene) isolated from Solanum bulbocastanum, is a broad resistance gene against all races of Phytophthora infestans. The gene was transformed into Katah-din event SP904 and SP951 using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and these transgenic plants have been crossed with susceptible potato cultivars Atlantic and Granola. Populations of the crosses have been molecularly characterized for the integration of the RB transgene. The study aimed to evaluate the resistance of the populations of crosses between transgenic Katahdin RB  and susceptible non-transgenic parents (Atlantic and Granola) to late blight in a confined field trial at Pasir Sarongge, Cianjur, West Java. A total of 84 clones originated from four popula-tions were evaluated for resistance to late blight. These included 22 clones of Atlantic x transgenic Katahdin SP904, 16 clones of Atlantic x transgenic Katahdin SP951, 19 clones of Granola x transgenic Katahdin SP904, and 27 clones of Granola x transgenic Katahdin SP951. Observations of the late blight infection were conducted when late blight symptoms were detected, i.e. at 56, 60, 63, 70, and 77 days after planting (DAP). The result showed there were high variations in the resistance level of all the 84 clones tested. Clones of crosses between susceptible parents (Atlantic or Granola) and resistant parents (transgenic Katahdin SP904 or Katahdin SP951) showed a similar pattern based on the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) value, i.e. 377.2 greater than the AUDPC of the resistant parents (180.1), but smaller than that of the susceptible parents (670.7). Observation at 77 DAP resulted four resistant potato clones having resistance score of 7.0-7.6, higher than the transgenic parents Katahdin SP904 (4.6) and Katahdin SP951 (6.8), i.e. clone B8 (Atlantic x transgenic Katahdin SP951) with resistance score of 7.6 and clones B26 (Atlantic x transgenic Katahdin SP951), C183 (Granola x transgenic Katahdin SP904), and D89 (Granola x transgenic Katahdin SP951) with resistance score of 7. These four transgenic potato resistant clones need to be further developed as promising potato clones to late blight.

Page 2 of 36 | Total Record : 352

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